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Final Flashcards

1
Q

what bones pertain to the forearm?

A
  • radius

- ulna

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2
Q

what bones pertain to the shoulder?

A
  • scapula
  • clavicle
  • humeral head
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3
Q

what bone pertains to the arm?

A

-humerus

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4
Q

what bones pertain to the elbow?

A
  • humerus
  • radius
  • ulna
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5
Q

what bones pertain to the hand?

A
  • carpals
  • metacarpals
  • phalanges
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6
Q

what muscles coarse from the trunk to the scapula?

A
  • trapezius
  • rhomboids
  • levator scapulae
  • pectoralis minor
  • serratus anterior
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7
Q

what muscles coarse from the trunk to the humerus?

A
  • pectoralis major

- latissimus dorsi

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8
Q

what muscles coarse from the scapula to humerus?

A
  • deltoid
  • supraspinatus
  • subscapularis
  • infraspinatous
  • teres minor
  • teres major
  • coracobrachialis
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9
Q

what muscles pertain to the rotator cuff?

A

SITS

  • supraspinatus
  • infraspinatous
  • teres minor
  • subscapularis
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10
Q

what are the muscles from trunk to scapula anterior view?

A
  • pectoralis major
  • pectoralis minor
  • serratus anterior
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11
Q

what are the muscles from trunk to scapula posterior view?

A
  • trapezius
  • rhomboids
  • levator scapula
  • serratus anterior
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12
Q

what muscle goes from trunk to humorous anteriorly?

A

pectoralis major

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13
Q

what muscle goes from the trunk to humerus posteriorly?

A

latissimus dorsi

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14
Q

fascial compartments

A

In transverse sections the segments of the limbs are divided into multiple sections

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15
Q

each fascial compartment of extremities usually have a separate _________ supply

A

nerve and blood supply

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16
Q

muscles together usually perform __________

A

the same function

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17
Q

what are anterior and posterior compartments of branchium are separated by?

A

intermuscular septum or fascia

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18
Q

is the anterior or posterior branchium flexors?

A

anterior

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19
Q

is the anterior or posterior branchium extensors?

A

posterior

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20
Q

what are the anterior (flexor) muscles of the brachium?

A
  • biceps brachii (2 heads)
  • brachialis
  • coracobrachialis
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21
Q

is the coracobrachialis inferior or superior in the brachium?

A

superior

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22
Q

what are the posterior (extensor) muscles of the branchium?

A

triceps (3 heads)

  • medial head
  • lateral head
  • long head
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23
Q

what are the anterior and posterior compartments surrounded peripherally by?

A

deep fascia and skin

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24
Q

the anterior and posterior compartments have individual ________

A

blood supply

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25
Q

what bone divides the anterior and posterior compartments of the brachium?

A

humerus

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26
Q

what muscle is deep to the biceps?

A

brachialis

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27
Q

what muscle is the superior half of the humerus?

A

coracobrachialis

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28
Q

what groove is located on the head of the humerus?

A

Intertubercular (Bicipital) Groove

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29
Q

what muscle is located in the Intertubercular (Bicipital) Groove?

A

long head of the biceps branchii

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30
Q

where are frequent inflammation or tears in elderly and athletes>

A

Intertubercular (Bicipital) Groove

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31
Q

Antecubital Fossa

A

Triangular area on anterior side of elbow joint

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32
Q

what contains vessels and nerves that pass from the arm to forearm?

A

Antecubital Fossa

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33
Q

what blood supply and nerves pass through the Antecubital Fossa?

A
  • median nerve
  • brachial artery
  • brachial vein
  • tendon of biceps brachii
  • radial nerve
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34
Q

where is blood pressure frequently measured?

A

Antecubital Fossa

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35
Q

what veins are frequently used for venipuncture?

A

Median cephalic and basilic veins

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36
Q

Olecranon

A

Point of elbow (funny bone)

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37
Q

Radial head

A

Allows wrist to supinate/pronate

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38
Q

Radial tuberosity

A

Attachment of biceps tendon

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39
Q

what movement do the muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm do?

A

flex and pronate

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40
Q

what movement do the muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm do?

A

extend and supinate

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41
Q

what structures separate the anterior and posterior compartments in the forearm?

A
  • radius/ulna
  • intermuscular
  • interosseous membrane
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42
Q

what is carpal tunnel?

A

groove or tunnel bound with ligaments

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43
Q

what is the carpal tunnel filled with?

A

flexor tendons and median nerves

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44
Q

_________ may lead to carpal tunnel syndrome

A

compression

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45
Q

what does the axillary artery form?

A

brachial artery and & its branches at the lower border of the teres minor muscle

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46
Q

????where does the branchial artery end?

A

in cubital fossa

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47
Q

?????what does the branchial artery divide into in the proximal forearm?

A

radial and ulnar arteries

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48
Q

what veins accompany the artery?

A

1 or 2 deep brachial veins

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49
Q

what does the deep brachial veins form?

A

the axillary vein

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50
Q

what 2 superficial veins dump into axillary vein?

A

cephalic and basilic veins

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51
Q

what muscle is in the upper part of the arm anterior compartment?

A

biceps brachii muscle

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52
Q

what muscle is in the upper part of the arm posterior compartment?

A

triceps brachii

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53
Q

basilic vein

A

superficial vein on medial aspect of the arm

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54
Q

Cephalic vein

A

superficial vein on lateral aspect of the arm

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55
Q

what is the Radius lateral, ulna medial connected by?

A

interosseous membrane

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56
Q

what nerve is located in the the carpal tunnel?

A

median nerve

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57
Q

flexors

A

anterior

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58
Q

extensors

A

posterior

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59
Q

above scapular spine

A

Supraspinatus m.

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60
Q

below scapular spine

A

Infraspinatus m.

61
Q

on anterior body of scapula

A

Subscapularis m.

62
Q

what muscle is in bicipital groove?

A

Long head of biceps brachii

63
Q

what are the osseous components of the thigh?

A

-femur
=greater/lesser trochanters
=medial/lateral condyles and epicondyles
-patella

64
Q

how is the gluteal region held superiorly?

A

iliac crest

65
Q

how is the gluteal region held inferiorly?

A

lower margin of gluteus maximus muscle (marked by a crease below gluteal fold)

66
Q

what is the gluteal region continuous with superiorly?

A

lower trunk

67
Q

what is the gluteal region continuous with inferiorly

A

posterior surface of thigh

68
Q

what muscle is a powerful extensor of the thigh?

A

gluteus maximus

69
Q

what muscle in the gluteal region is the largest?

A

gluteus maximus

70
Q

what muscle in the gluteal region is the most superficial?

A

gluteus maximus

71
Q

what are the muscles of the gluteal region?

A
  • gluteus maximus
  • gluteus medius
  • gluteus minimus
  • obturator externus
  • obturator internus
  • piriformis
  • gemellus superior and inferior
  • quadratus femoris
72
Q

what muscles are in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A 
sartorius
quadriceps femoris
-rectus femoris
-vastus lateralis
-vastus intermedius (deep to RF)
-vastus medialis
73
Q

what muscles extends the leg and flexes the thigh?

A

4 muscles of the quadriceps femoris

74
Q

4 muscles of the quadriceps femoris have a common _______

A

tendon

75
Q

the common tendon of the 4 muscles of the quadriceps femoris is continuous with what?

A

the patellar ligament

76
Q

where does the patellar ligament insert?

A

tibial tuberosity

77
Q

what adducts the thigh?

A

medial compartment of the thigh muscles

78
Q

what are the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A
  • pectineus
  • adductor longus
  • adductor brevis
  • adductor magnus
  • gracilis
79
Q

what muscles flex the leg at the knee?

A

hamstring muscles (posterior compartment of the thigh)

80
Q

what are the hamstring muscles?

A
  • biceps femoris
  • semitendinous
  • semimembranosus
81
Q

which hamstring muscle is most lateral?

A

biceps femoris

82
Q

which muscle is wider, flatter, and deeper? the semitendinosus or semimembranosis?

A

Semimembranosus

83
Q

where is the femoral triangle located?

A

upper medial part of the anterior muscle compartment

84
Q

what is the femoral triangle superior border (base)?

A

inguinal ligament

85
Q

what is the femoral triangle medial border?

A

lateral border of Adductus longus

86
Q

what is the femoral triangle lateral border?

A

medial border of Sartorius

87
Q

what is another name for the adductor canal?

A

Hunter’s Canal or Subsartorial Canal

88
Q

what does the adductor canal link?

A

Links apex of femoral triangle to the popliteal fossa

89
Q

where is the narrow conical tunnel located?

A

medial aspect of the thigh

90
Q

what serves as a passage of the femoral artery, vein, and nerves as they descend into popliteal fossa?

A

adductor canal?????

91
Q

popliteal fossa

A

Diamond shaped fat filled region behind the knee

92
Q

where do the vessels from thigh pass through?

A

Popliteal Fossa

93
Q

where do the vessels from the thigh become popliteal artery and vein?

A

Popliteal Fossa

94
Q

what are the upper margins of the Popliteal Fossa?

A

tendons and hamstrings

95
Q

what are the inferior margins of the Popliteal Fossa?

A

two heads of the gastrocnemius muscle

96
Q

what are the knee joint ligaments?

A
  • anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
  • posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
  • medial collateral ligament (MCL)
  • lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
97
Q

where is the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) located?

A

Posteromedial aspect of lateral condyle of the femur superiorly to anteromedial portion of intercondylar eminence of the tibia inferiorly (Trick: Hand In Pocket)

98
Q

where is the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) located?

A

Posterolateral aspect of medial condyle of the femur superiorly to anterolateral aspect of the intercondylar eminence of the tibia inferiorly

99
Q

where is the medial collateral ligament (MCL) located?

A

Medial epicondyle of the femur superiorly to the medial condyle and body of the tibia inferiorly

100
Q

where is the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) located?

A

Lateral epicondyle of the femur superiorly to the fibular head inferiorly

101
Q

tendon

A

muscle to bone

102
Q

ligament

A

bone to bone

103
Q

where is the quadriceps tendon?

A

quadriceps muscles to patella

104
Q

where is the patellar ligament?

A

patella to tibial tuberosity

105
Q

what are the menisci?

A

C-shaped cartilagenous discs in between femur and tibia

106
Q

what is the function of the menisci?

A

support joint - shock absorber

-help with balance

107
Q

what are the muscles of the knee joint?

A
  • Quadriceps femoris
  • Hamstrings
  • Sartorius
  • Gracillis
  • Gastrocnemius
108
Q

what are the osseous components of the lower leg?

A
  • tibia

- fibula

109
Q

which bone in the leg is the weight bearing bone?

A

tibia

110
Q

what are the layers of the posterior compartment?

A

deep and superficial

111
Q

what muscles are in the anterior compartment of the lower leg?

A
  • Tibialis Anterior
  • Extensor Hallucis Longus
  • Extensor Digitorum Longus
  • Peroneous Teritus
112
Q

Tibialis Anterior

A

Dorsiflex foot

113
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus

A

Extend great toe

114
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus

A

Extend lateral 4 toes

115
Q

Peroneous Teritus

A

Dorsiflex foot

116
Q

what muscles are in the lateral compartment of the lower leg?

A
  • fibularis longus (superior)

- fibularis brevis (inferiorly)

117
Q

what are the actions of the muscles in the lateral compartment of the lower leg?

A

Evert and plantar flex the foot

118
Q

what muscles are located in the superficial layer of the Posterior Compartment of the Lower Leg?

A

Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris

119
Q

what is the action of the gastrocnemius

A

Plantar flex the foot, flex the knee (gastrocnemius only)

120
Q

what muscles are located in the deep layer of the posterior compartment of the lower leg?

A
  • Tibialis Posterior
  • Flexor Digitorum Longus
  • Flexor Hallucis Longus
  • Popliteus
121
Q

Tibialis Posterior

A

Plantar flex/invert foot

122
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus

A

Flex lateral 4 toes

123
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus

A

Flex great toes

124
Q

Popliteus

A

Medially rotate leg

125
Q

what are the arteries of the leg?

A
  • femoral artery
  • popliteal artery
  • anterior and posterior tibial arteries
  • peroneal artery
126
Q

what is the main artery of the lower extremity?

A

femoral artery

127
Q

what does the femoral artery become?

A

popliteal artery

128
Q

where does the femoral artery extend?

A

lateral to the femoral vein through the femoral triangle to hunters canal

129
Q

what does the popliteal artery bifurcates into?

A

anterior and posterior tibial arteries

130
Q

what is the peroneal artery?

A

a branch off of the posterior tibial artery

131
Q

what are the veins of the lower extremity?

A
  • Anterior/Posterior Tibial Veins
  • Greater saphenous vein
  • Lesser Saphenous Vein
  • Femoral vein
132
Q

is the greater saphenous vein superficial or deep?

A

superficial

133
Q

where does the greater saphenous vein travel?

A

, begins at dorsum of foot, empties into femoral vein at the saphenofemoral junction

134
Q

what is the longest vein in the body?

A

Greater saphenous vein

135
Q

what vein is continuous with the femoral vein?

A

lesser saphenous vein

136
Q

what does the femoral vein do?

A

accompanies the femoral artery throughout the thigh

137
Q

what is the femoral triangle boundry laterally?

A

sartorius muscle

138
Q

what is the femoral triangle boundry medially?

A

adductor longus

139
Q

what is the femoral triangle floor boundry?

A

inguinal ligament

140
Q

what is the most lateral hamstring muscle?

A

biceps femoris

141
Q

what is the most superficial muscle in the posterior compartment of the lower leg?

A

gastrocnemius muscle

142
Q

what muscle is deep to the gastrocnemius?

A

soleus

143
Q

What bone is lateral to the tibia?

A

fibula

144
Q

what connects the tibia and fibia?

A

interosseous membrane

145
Q

what muscle is the most superior of the gluteal muscles?

A

gluteus medius

146
Q

what are the muscles of the quad?

A
  • vastus lateralis
  • intermedius
  • medialis
  • rectus femoris
147
Q

where do vessels move as they travel down the leg?

A

move deeper and more posterior as they move inferiorly

148
Q

what tendon is on the posterior surface of the ankle?

A

Achilles tendon

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