Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cross > Test #2 > Flashcards

Test #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Is the aorta retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal?

A

Retroperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where does the aorta extend from and to?

A

extends from the left ventricle of the heart to the bifurcation of the common iliac arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where does the aorta begin in the abdominal portion?

A

2.5 cm above the transphyloric line at the aortic hiatus in the diaphragm (T12)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the branches of the abdominal aorta?

A
  • Celiac trunk
  • SMA
  • L/R Suprarenal arteries
  • L/R renal arteries
  • L/R gonadal arteries
  • Lumbar arteries
  • IMA
  • Branches into L/R common iliac arteries
  • Median sacral artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is the L/R suprarenal arteries located?

A

same level as SMA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What comes off the celiac trunk?

A
  • Left gastric artery
  • Common hepatic artery
  • Splenic artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the unpaired visceral branches of the aorta?

A

Celiac trunk
SMA
IMA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the paired visceral branches of the aorta?

A

Suprarenal arteries
Renal arteries
Gonadal arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what do the visceral branches of the aorta supply to?

A

organs of the abdominal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the parietal branches of the aorta supply to?

A

the abdominal wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the anterior branch of the aorta?

A

celiac trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what level is the celiac trunk at?

A

L1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the branches of the celiac trunk?

A

Left gastric artery
Splenic artery
Common hepatic artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

where does the left gastric artery course?

A

superior and left lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the left gastric artery supply to?

A

the lesser curvature of the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

True or false, the left gastric artery is anastomoses with the right gastric artery?

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

where does the left splenic artery course?

A

travels left towards the splenic hilum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the left splenic artery supply?

A

spleen, pancreas, stomach, and greater omentum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what does the left splenic artery form?

A

the superior border of the pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

is the Left splenic artery visualized?

A

yes, it is tortuous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

where does the common hepatic artery course?

A

horizontally to the right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does the common hepatic artery branch into?

A
  • Gastroduodenal artery
  • proper hepatic artery
  • right gastric artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where does the GDA course?

A

Inferiorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where is the GDA used as a landmark?

A

used as landmark in the head of the pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

where does the GDA supply?

A

the liver by branching into the right and left hepatic arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what does the Right gastric artey supply to?

A

Medial aspect of the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

true or false, the right gastric artery is anastomoses with the left gastric artery?

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What level is the SMA located?

A

L1 (just below the transpyloric line)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

which way does the SMA course?

A

anteroinferorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what does the SMA supply?

A
  • small intestine
  • caecum and ascending colom
  • most of transverse colon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what part of the aorta does the renal arteries branch off?

A

lateral part of the aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Where is the SMA located?

A

L2 level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

where does the Right Renal Artery run compared to the IVC?

A

RRA runs posterior to IVC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Compare the location of SMA, Left renal vein, and splenic vein

A

SMA is anterior to the LRV and posterior to splenic vein (look at pic on powerpoint)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Where are the gonadal arteries?

A

just inferior to the renal vessels (lower level of L2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Where do the gonadal arteries descend along?

A

psoas muscle, over the external iliac vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What do the gonadal arteries supply in males and females?

A

male-goes through inguinal ring to enter spermatic cord on way to testes
female-into the pelvic cavity and continue on the suspensory ligament to supply the ovary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Are the gonadal arteries visualized?

A

not readily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

paired or unpaired aortic branches supply the posterolateral abdominal walls?

A

paired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What level does the aorta bifurcate?

A

L4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What level does the bifurcation of the aorta divide into internal and external iliac arteries?

A

L5-S1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What does the internal iliac arteries supply?

A

the wall and the viscera of the pelvis, perineum, and gluteal region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What does the external arteries supply?

A

Continuous with the femoral artery and supplies lower limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

whats the landmark of the celiac trunk to the pancreas?

A

superior to the pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Where is GDA to the pancreas?

A

head of pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Where is the SA compared to the Pancreas?

A

Superior to pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Where is the SMA compared to the pancreas?

A

Inferior to pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Where do the R/L common iliac veins join to form the the IVC?

A

anterior to the L5 vertebral body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Where does the IVC go in relation to the liver

A

posterior to the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Where does the IVC pass through the diaphragm?

A

T8 before draining into the lower part of the right atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Where does the IVC lie in relation to the aorta?

A

slightly right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What level is the IVC posterior to the aorta?

A

L5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

is the IVC retro or intraperitoneal?

A

retro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What is the IVC anterior to?

A

the right psoas muscle, RRA, and right suprarenal gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

what is the IVC posterior to?

A

superior mesenteric vessels, pancreatic head, and the horizontal (3rd) part of the duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

what are the lumbar veins?

A

4-5 pairs of vessels that collect blood from the muscles and skin of the posterior abdominal wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Where do the left and right gonadal veins drain?

A

Ascends retroperitoneally
Right-opens directly into the IVC
Left-drains into the left renal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

what level are the renal veins located?

A

2nd lumbar vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

do the renal veins run posterior or anterior to the renal arteries

A

anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Where are the renal veins located?

A

few centimeters superior to gonadal veins at L2 vertebral level.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

are the renal veins anterior or posterior to the renal arteries?

A

anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

LRV

A
  • drains left kidney
  • receives the left suprarenal vein and left gonadal vein before emptying into the IVC
  • LRV passes anteriorly to aorta just inferior to the origin of SMA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

RRV

A
  • drains right kidney
  • slightly inferior to the LRV because the right kidney is lower than the left
  • RRV IS SHORTER AND NARROWER THAN LRV
  • Passes posterior to the second part of the duodenum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

where does the right supernal vein empty?

A

directly into the posterior aspect of the IVC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

where does the left suprarenal vein empty?

A

into the left renal veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

which suprarenal vein is shorter?

A

right suprarenal vein is shorter than the left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

what is the role of the hepatic veins?

A

drain blood from the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

what does the central veins of the liver lobules collect?

A

blood from the intralobular venous sinusoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

What do the central veins merge to form?

A

right, middle and left hepatic veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

where do the hepatic veins exit?

A

from the posterior surface of the liver and empty directly into the IVC.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

What does the hepatic portal system drain?

A

all of the nutrient rich blood from the stomach, intestines, pancreas, and spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

where does the blood in the hepatic portal system deliver?

A

to the liver to be processed via the portal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

all blood must pass through what before entering the IVC?

A

must pass through the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

IMV=________

A

Splenic vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

SMV + Splenic Vein =______

A

Hepatic portal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

Hepatic Portal Vein =________

A

LT & RT Portal Veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

LT & RT Portal Veins=__________=___________

A

continual branching=sinusoids in liver lobule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

Blood travels to central veins of the _______

A

sinusoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

Central veins=________=________

A

hepatic veins=IVC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

what makes up the portal triad?

A
  1. Portal vein
  2. Hepatic artery
  3. Bile Duct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

what does the superior mesenteric vein drain?

A
  • small intestine
  • cecum
  • Ascending colon
  • transverse colon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

where does the SMV go?

A

ends behind the neck of the pancreas where it joins the splenic vein to form the hepatic portal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

What does the Inferior Mesenteric Vein drain?

A
  • Descending colon
  • Sigmoid colon
  • rectum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

Where does the IMV empty?

A

into the splenic vein posterior to pancreatic body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

What does the splenic vein drain?

A
  • Spleen

- Pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

where does the splenic vein travel?

A

travels posterior to the pancreas, joins SMV posterior to pancreatic neck to form hepatic portal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

The IMV drains into the ______

A

Splenic vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

what vessels form to make the portal confluence?

A

splenic vein and SMV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

what cavity is closed to the exterior?

A

serous (pleural, pericardial, peritoneal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

what does the serous membrane do?

A

secrete a serous fluid that lubricates the surfaces of membranes, reducing friction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

what is the peritoneum?

A

thin membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity and covers the organs or cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

what supports the viscera ad provides a pathway for blood vessels and lymph?

A

peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
93
Q

is the peritoneal cavity open or closed in males?

A

closed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
94
Q

is the peritoneal open or closed in females?

A

open. uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
95
Q

what is the rectouterine pouch?

A

in females! peritoneum over the anterior surface of the rectum extends to the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
96
Q

what is the vesicouterine pouch?

A

in females! the peritoneum over the anterior surface of the rectum extends to the uterus then over the uterus anteriorly to the bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
97
Q

What is the rectovesical pouch?

A

in males! The peritoneum extends from the upper anterior portion of the rectum, to the bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
98
Q

What is a cul-de-sac?

A

??????

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
99
Q

what is mesentery?

A

A fused double layer of peritoneum that encloses the intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
100
Q

what is the function of mesentery?

A
  • attach the intraperitoneal structures in the abdominal cavity to the abdominal wall (suspends organs in abdominal cavity)
  • Serves as a conduit for blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
101
Q

Where is the mesentery?

A

suspensory portion of double layered peritoneum in between the parietal wall of the abdominal cavity and the intestine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
102
Q

What is a omenum?

A

a “mesentery”, or double layer of peritoneum, that is attached to the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
103
Q

describe the greater omentum?

A
  • A fold of peritoneum that descends from the greater curvature of stomach and proximal duodenum
  • Folds back up and attaches to the anterior surface of the transverse colon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
104
Q

Describe the lesser omentum

A

A fold of peritoneum that goes from the lesser curvature of the stomach and proximal duodenum to the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
105
Q

what is fat deposition?

A

acts as a fat storage area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
106
Q

What is the immune contribution of the greater omentum?

A

`-collections of marcophages

-eats bacteria and dead cells (phagocytosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
107
Q

where is the lesser omentum?

A

goes from the lesser curvature of the stomach and proximal duodenum to the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
108
Q

what ligaments does the lesser curvature form?

A

Forms hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
109
Q

What is another name for Foramen of Winslow

A

epiploic foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
110
Q

where does the greater sac go?

A

extends from the diaphragm to the pelvic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
111
Q

what is another name for the greater omentum?

A

abdominopelvic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
112
Q

what is another name for lesser sac?

A

omental bursa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
113
Q

what is the epiploic foramen? (Foramen of winslow)

A

passageway between the greater and lesser sacs to allow for communication between these 2 spaces (allows passage of vessels and nerves)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
114
Q

what is the difference between the Peritoneum, Mesentery, and omenta?

A

Peritoneum- : thin single continuous serous membrane that lines cavities

Mesentery-double layer of peritoneum that suspends intestines from the abdominal wall.

Omenta-double layer of peritoneum that connects the stomach to other viscera.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
115
Q

what are peritoneal ligaments?

A

double fold of peritoneum that connects viscera together or connects viscera to the abdominal wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
116
Q

Basically anything that is not a mesentery or omentum is considered ___________

A

peritoneal ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
117
Q

what are the 3 parts of the greater omentum?

A

-Gastrophrenic ligament=to diaphragm
-Gastrosplenic ligament=to spleen
-Gastrocolic ligament=duodenum and trans. colon
ALL OF GREATER CURVATURE

118
Q

what are the 2 parts of the lesser omentum?

A
  • Hepatogastric ligament=lesser curv. to liver

- Hepatoduodenal ligament=liver to duodenum

119
Q

what does the falciform ligament divide?

A

liver into right and left lobes

120
Q

where does the falciform ligament attach?

A

Attaches the anterosuperior surface of the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm

121
Q

describe the Ligamentum Teres (aka Round Ligament)

A
  • Obliterated remnant of the left umbilical vein
  • Originating from the free edge of the falciform ligament and extending to the umbilicus
122
Q

where does the Coronary ligament attach?

A

Attaches the liver to the inferior surface of the diaphragm

123
Q

what does the coronary ligament consist of?

A

Consists of two layers of peritoneum which are separated from each other by a space equal to the size of the bare area of the liver

124
Q

what are the Lt and Rt triangular ligaments?

A

where the layers of the coronary ligament meet to the left and right respectively

125
Q

what type of structures are not located in the peritoneal cavity?

A

retroperitoneal cavity organs

126
Q

what type of structures are surrounded by visceral peritoneum?

A

intraperitoneal cavity organs

127
Q

whats the acrinum used for the retroperitoneal structures?

A

SAD PUCKER

128
Q

where is the liver located?

A

Rt hypochondriac region and epigastric and touches left hypochondriac

129
Q

which way does the liver move as it moves more to the left?

A

anteriorly

130
Q

which parts of the liver follow the diaphragm?

A

Superior surface, anterior surface and a portion of the posterior surface

131
Q

what does the posterior liver snug up against?

A

the bony lumbar region and the posterior muscular abdominal wall

132
Q

which side of the liver has depressions?

A

Inferior/Viseral surface

133
Q

True or false, the entire liver is covered in peritoneum?

A

false, the “bare area” on the posterior surface

134
Q

why is there no peritoneum on the bare area?

A

it is in direct contact with the diaphragm

135
Q

what is the subphrenic recess?

A

Peritoneal space that separates the liver from the diaphragm

136
Q

what is the subhepatic space?

A

Inferior to the anterior half of the visceral surface of the liver

137
Q

what is another name for the Hepatorenal recess?

A

Morisons pouch

138
Q

what is the Hepatorenal recess

A

Located between the posterior half of the visceral surface of the liver, and the anterosuperior border of the right kidney

139
Q

is the inferior surface of the liver in a horizontal plane?

A

no, lies at 45 degrees

140
Q

anterior portion of the liver is more _______

A

inferior

141
Q

posterior portion of the liver is more ______

A

superior

142
Q

what are the indentations on the Rt side of the liver?

A 
Hepatic flexure (colon)
Right kidney
Adrenal gland
Duodenum
Gallbladder
143
Q

What are the indentations on the Lt side of the liver?

A

Gastric

Esphageal

144
Q

what are the indentations on the posterior surface of the liver?

A

Groove for IVC

145
Q

portal veins

A

Returns nutrient rich blood from spleen, pancreas and intestines

146
Q

Hepatic veins

A

drains flow into IVC

147
Q

Hepatic artery

A

supplies oxygen rich blood to liver from celiac trunk/aorta

148
Q

Hepatic ducts

A

Carry the bile

149
Q

Ligaments

A

Secure and support liver

150
Q

Fissures

A

Anatomical divisions

151
Q

what is the purpose of the liver?

A

The Liver receives and takes up nutrients and other molecules that are absorbed from the intestines before the blood is returned to the heart via the IVC.

152
Q

the portal veins are nutrient _________rich and oxygen ______

A

nutrient rich

oxygen poor

153
Q

hepatic arteries are nutrient ________ and oxygen __________

A

nutrient poor

oxygen rich

154
Q

what does the portal veins divide?

A

divide the liver into superior and inferior portions

155
Q

what are the 2 names of things that divide the liver into Rt and Lt lobes?

A
  • Main lobar Fissue (surgically){cantlies’s line}

- falciform ligament (anatomically)

156
Q

which line is cantlie’s line?

A

Main lobar Fissure (surgically)

157
Q

where is the caudate lobe?

A
  • medial to the IVC
  • Lateral to the Left Lobe
  • Posterior to the Porta Hepatis
158
Q

where is the Quadrate lobe?

A
  • Anterior to the Porta Hepatis
  • Medial to the Gall Bladder
  • Lateral to the Fissure for the Ligamentum Teres
159
Q

the left lobe is divided into _______

A

medial and lateral lobes

160
Q

the right lobe is divided into _____________

A

anterior and posterior portions

161
Q

what line is the right lobe located?

A

along the Rt midaxillary line from the 7th-11th ribs

162
Q

what is the smallest lobe?

A

caudate lobe

163
Q

what is the anterior boundary of the caudate lobe?

A

Lt portal vein

164
Q

what is the posterolateral boundary of the caudate lobe?

A

IVC

165
Q

what is the anterior boundary of the quadrate lobe?

A

anterior margin of liver

166
Q

what is the posterior boundary of the quadrate lobe?

A

porta hepatis

167
Q

what is the right boundary of the quadrate lobe?

A

gall bladder fossa

168
Q

What is the left boundary of the Quadrate lobe?

A

Fossa for ligamentum teres

169
Q

what does the falciform ligament connect?

A

connects liver anteriorly to diaphragm

170
Q

what does the ligamentum teres connect?

A

connects to the umbilicus

171
Q

what connects the Right and Left Anterior and Posterior Coronary Ligaments?

A

connects liver to the diaphragm

172
Q

what connects Right and Left Triangular Ligaments?

A

connect liver to the diaphragm

173
Q

what ligament surrounds the bare area?

A

Coronary ligament

174
Q

where does the ligamentum Venosum travel?

A

Runs from the porta hepatis of the liver and then reaches the IVC

175
Q

What does the ligamentum Venosum separate?

A

separates the caudate lobe from the left lobe

176
Q

what is in the left arm of the ‘H’ ?

A
  • Fissure for the Ligamentum Venosum & Ligamentum Teres
  • Left lobe is to the left of this line
  • Caudate & Quadrate lobes are to the right
177
Q

What is in the right arm of the ‘H’ ?

A
  • IVC & Gall Bladder
  • Right lobe is to the right of this line
  • Caudate & Quadrate lobes are to the left
178
Q

what is in the crossbar of ‘H’ ?

A
  • Porta Hepatis (portal vein, hepatic artery & hepatic duct
  • Caudate lobe is above this line (posterior)
  • Quadrate lobe is below this line (anterior)
179
Q

where is the Porta Hepatis?

A

Enclosed in the free margin (or unattached edge) of the lesser omentum

180
Q

where is the gallbladder located?

A

Usually on the inferior and medial aspect of the right lobe and lateral to the quadrate lobe

181
Q

What is the gallbladder divided into?

A
  • fundus
  • body
  • neck
182
Q

what part of the gallbladder is fixed to the liver?

A

the neck

183
Q

what is another name for the infundibulum?

A

Hartmanns pouch

184
Q

what is Hartmann’s pouch?

A

A mucosal fold or slight outpouching located in the area of the neck of the gallbladder

185
Q

where’s a common location for gallstones to become lodged?

A

hartmann’s pouch

186
Q

Why do we divide the liver into 8 sections?

A
  • provides the basis for surgical resection

- diagnostic designation of lesions on ultrasound and CT

187
Q

what veins divide the liver?

A

hepatic veins and portal veins

188
Q

why can each segment be separated without damaging the others?

A

each segment has its own blood supply

189
Q

In the center of each segment there is a branch of:

A
  • portal vein
  • Hepatic artery
  • Bile duct
190
Q

In the periphery of each segment there is:

A

vascular outflow through hepatic veins

191
Q

What is located in the 1st segment?

A

caudate lobe

192
Q

What is located in the 2 and 3 segment?

A

lateral left lobe

193
Q

What is located in the 4 segment?

A

medial left lobe divided into 4a (superior) and 4b (inferior)

194
Q

What is located in the 5 and 8 segment?

A

anterior right lobe

195
Q

What is located in the 6 and 7 segment?

A

posterior right lobe (not seen anteriorly)

196
Q

what veins divide the liver into upper and lower portions?

A

portal veins

197
Q

what divides the right lobe of the liver into anterior and posterior sections?

A

right hepatic veins

198
Q

what divides the liver into Rt and Lt lobes or hemilivers?

A

main hepatic vein

199
Q

what divides the left lobe of the liver into medial and lateral sections?

A

left hepatic vein

200
Q

what is the role of the hepatic veins?

A

drains blood from segments and lobes of the liver into the IVC

201
Q

where are the hepatic veins located?

A

interlobar and intersegmental

202
Q

what level are you at if you can see the hepatic veins connecting to the IVC

A

the top of the liver (can see segments 1, 2, 4a, 7, 8

203
Q

what level are you at in the liver if you can see the left portal vein?

A

further down the liver, not yet reached segments 5 or 6 because there more inferior. (can see segments 1, 2/3, 4a/b, 7, 8)

204
Q

What level are you at in the liver if you can see the right portal vein?

A

further down the liver (can see 1, 3, 4b, 5/8, 6/7)

205
Q

what level are we at in the liver if we can see the pancreas, SV, PV, and Kidney)

A

furthest down the liver (see segments 3, 4b, 5, 6)

206
Q

What is the Gastrointestinal Tract composed of?

A
  • mouth
  • Pharynx
  • Esophagus
  • stomach
  • small and large intestine
207
Q

where does the esophagus begin and end?

A

starts at the cricoid cartilage and goes to the stomach

208
Q

where does majority of the esophagus sit?

A

in the thoracic cavity

209
Q

where does the esophagus sit in the thoracic cavity?

A

between the aorta and IVC (T10)

210
Q

what is it called when the esophagus pierces through the diaphragm at T10

A

esophageal hiatus

211
Q

what part of the esophagus is continuous with the lesser curvature of the stomach?

A

the right margin

212
Q

What seperates the left margin from the fundus?

A

cardiac notch

213
Q

Terminal portion lies in a groove in the left portion of the liver and enters the stomach at the ________

A

Cardiac Orifice

214
Q

what does EGJ stand for?

A

Esophageal Gastric Junction

215
Q

what slows passage of food into the stomach and prevents reflux?

A

Lower esophageal sphincter at the cardiac orifice

216
Q

lesser curvature directed?

A

directed medially and superiorly

217
Q

greater curvature directed?

A

directed laterally and inferiorly

218
Q

what are the regions of the stomach?

A

-cardia
-fundus
-Body
-Pylorus
.antrum
.canal

219
Q

what supplies lesser curvature and part of fundus?

A

Lest gastric artery

220
Q

what supplies lateral fundus via short gastric arteries. Supplies greater curvature via left gastro-epiploic artery?

A

Splenic artery

221
Q

what Supplies greater curvature via right gastric and right gastro-epiploic arteries?

A

Common hepatic artery

222
Q

what are the sections of the duodenum?

A
  1. bulb
  2. descending portion
  3. transverse duodenum
  4. ascending duodenum
223
Q

what part of the duodenum is retroperitoneal?

A

descending and tranverse

224
Q

where is the a Jejunum and Illeum?

A

2 and 3 portion of small bowel

225
Q

how long is the jejunum and Illeum (small bowel)

A

5.8 meters long

226
Q

where does most of the digestive processes take place?

A

in the small bowel

227
Q

how is the jejunum and ileum (small bowel) connected to the abdominal wall?

A

mesentery

228
Q

is the jeunum in the lower or higher small bowel?

A

higher part

229
Q

is the ileum in the lower or higher part of the small bowel?

A

lower part

230
Q

where does the large bowel (colon) travel?

A

Begins at the terminal ileum (in the right inguinal area) and ends at the anus

231
Q

what are the 7 portions of the colon?

A
  • cecum
  • ascending colon
  • transverse colon
  • descending colon
  • sigmoid colon
  • rectum
  • anus
232
Q

what parts of the colon are retro?

A
  • cecum
  • ascending colon
  • descending colon
  • rectum
  • anus
233
Q

what side of the colon is the hepatic flexture on?

A

right (in the top corner of the colon)

234
Q

what side of the colon is the splenic flexture on?

A

left (top corner of the colon)

235
Q

where is the appendix?

A

The appendix arises from the cecum in the RLQ

236
Q

what is McBurney’s Point?

A

the location of the appendix. (1/3 of the distance from the umbilicus and ASIS)

237
Q

where is the uncinate process in the pancreas?

A

projects inferiorly and medially, just posterior to the duodenum.

238
Q

where is the splenic veins compared to the pancreas?

A

runs posterior to the neck, body and tail of the pancreas.

239
Q

where is the unicate process compared to the pancreas?

A

Confluence sits anterior to the uncinate process and posterior to the neck

240
Q

what does the posterior surface of the body of the pancreas relate with?

A

the SMA, SMV, as well as the splenic artery(more superior) & vein. It also relates to the left kidney and adrenal gland and their respective vessels.

241
Q

what is the most posterior and superior portion of the pancreas?

A

The tail is the most posterior and superior portion and sits in the hilum of the spleen

242
Q

what is the pancreas supplied by?

A

Supplied by the splenic artery (branch of celiac trunk)

243
Q

what is the pancreas drained by?

A

Drained by splenic vein=  Portal system=IVC

244
Q

what is another name for the main pancreatic duct?

A

duct of Wirsung

245
Q

where does the duct of Wirsung travel?

A

Begins at the tail of the pancreas and moves through the pancreas to empty into the descending duodenum (inferior to duct of Santorini)

246
Q

what is another name for accessory pancreatic duct?

A

duct of Santorini

247
Q

where does the duct of Santorini travel?

A

A branch off of the main pancreatic duct that enters duodenum superior to where the main pancreatic duct enters

248
Q

what is the function of the Rt and Lt hepatic ducts?

A

Drain RT and LT lobes of the liver of bile

249
Q

where do the hepatic ducts join?

A

Join at the level of the liver hilum (doorway)

250
Q

what does the hepatic ducts join to form?

A

Common hepatic duct

251
Q

when does the CBD form?

A

Becomes Common Bile Duct after receiving the Cystic Duct from the gallbladder

252
Q

where does the cystic duct travel?

A
  • Extends from GB neck and meets CHD where CBD begins

- Located on the inferior surface of the liver

253
Q

what is the path of the CBD?

A

Extends inferiorly from union of CHD and cystic duct to enter the duodenum near the head of the pancreas

254
Q

how does the CBD enter the decending colon?

A

Spincter of Oddi

255
Q

where does the CBD run compared to the duodenum and pancreas head?

A

CBD runs posterior to the 1st portion of the duodenum and the pancreatic head

256
Q

which kidney is more inferior?

A

right kidney

257
Q

what are the borders of the kidneys?

A

Medial-concave

Lateral-convex

258
Q

what os Nephroptosis?

A

a kidney can slip out from within these protective layers

259
Q

what is Hydronephrosis?

A

the ureter to twist, block urine, causing

260
Q

what protects the kidney?

A
  • Floating ribs
  • Pararenal fat
  • Gerota’s fascia
  • Perirenal fat
  • Renal capsule
261
Q

what is the renal hilum?

A

Medial border where blood vessels enter and exit is called the hilum

262
Q

where is the renal hilum located?

A

located at the transpyloric plane

  • left=midhilar region
  • right=upper hilar region
263
Q

what structures are located at the renal hilum?

A
  • urter
  • Renal artery
  • Renal vein
264
Q

where are the renal arteries?

A

arise bilaterally from the aorta below SMA`

265
Q

Is the renal arteries a tributaries to the IVC

A

yes

266
Q

is the LRV or RRV longer?

A

LRV is longer

267
Q

where do the urters originate?

A

renal pelvis

268
Q

where do the ureters descend?

A

anteriorly along the psoas muscles from the hilum to the bladder, crossing anteriorly over the iliac arteries

269
Q

where are the adrenal glands?

A

superior and slightly medial to each kidney

270
Q

the adrenal glands are _________

A

enclosed with kidneys in Gerota’s fasica

271
Q

LOOK AT CH.5a slide 32

A

cant make question so look at slide

272
Q

LOOK AT LECTURE 5B! ITS NOT ON FLASHCARDS

A

ITS NOT ON SLASHCARDS!!!!!!!

273
Q

In transverse sections through the upper abdomen, what vessels are anterior to the IVC?

A
  • Portal veins

- hepatic vein

274
Q

In transverse sections near the T10 vertebral level, what lobe of the liver is between the IVC and the ligamentum venosum?

A

caudate lobe

275
Q

What are the relative positions of the vessels and ducts in the porta hepatis?

A
  • portal vein=posterior
  • common hepatic artery=medial/anterior
  • common hepatic duct=lateral/anterior
276
Q

In transverse sections through the gallbladder, what is between it and the ligametum teres?

A

quadrate lobe

277
Q

In transverse sections at the L1/L2 vertebral level, what vessel is along the posterior surface of the pancreas?

A

splenic vein

278
Q

In transverse sections through the head of the pancreas, what structure is adjacent to the pancreas on the right?

A

duodenum

279
Q

What is the most predominant organ seen in sagittal sections through the ascending colon?

A

liver

280
Q

In sagittal sections through the gallbladder, what structure is seen posterior to the gallbladder?

A

Kidney

281
Q

Are sagittal sections medial or lateral to the descending duodenum?

A

medial

282
Q

In sagittal sections through the head of the pancreas, what specific part of the duodenum is superior to the pancreas, and what part is inferior?

A
  • bulb, superior

- trans, inferior

283
Q

Is a sagittal section through the IVC to the left or the right of midline?

A

Right

284
Q

Is the abdominal aorta typically to the left or the right of the IVC?

A

Left

285
Q

In a sagittal section through the abdominal aorta, what are the relationships of the LRV to the aorta and SMA?

A

Posterior

286
Q

In left parasagittal sections, what is the relationship of the spleen to the stomach and the left kidney?

A
  • stomach=posterolateral

- kidney=superolateral

287
Q

What organs are located most posteriorly in the abdomen?

A
  • kidneys
  • spleen
  • liver
288
Q

In coronal sections through the abdomen, what muscle is adjacent to the vertebral bodies?

A

psoas

289
Q

In coronal sections through the abdomen, what blood vessels are usually located along the superior margin of the pancreas?

A

splenic artery

290
Q

In coronal sections through the anterior abdomen, what organ is located on the left side?

A

stomach (could be liver)

Cross (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions