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Test #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define superior/cranial

A

Up or toward the head

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2
Q

Define inferior or caudal

A

Down or toward the feet

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3
Q

Define distal

A

Away from the center of body or point of origin

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4
Q

Define proximal

A

Toward the nearest trunk or point of origin in the body

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5
Q

Define lateral

A

Away from the midline of the body

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6
Q

Define medial

A

Toward the midline of the body

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7
Q

Define posterior or dorsal

A

Towards the back of the body

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8
Q

Define anterior or ventral

A

Towards the front of the body

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9
Q

Define superficial

A

Away from the center of the body and on the surface such as the skin

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10
Q

Define deep

A

Towards the center of the body or deep from the surface

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11
Q

The heart is _____________ to the lungs

A

Medial

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12
Q

The wrist is _________ to the elbow

A

Distal

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13
Q

The kidneys are ___________ to the spine

A

Lateral

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14
Q

What is a Midsagittal plane?

A

Divides the body into right and left sides. A longitudal line that runs down the middle of the body

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15
Q

What is a coronal plane?

A

Divides the body into anterior and posterior parts. A vertical line that runs down the side of the body

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16
Q

What is a trans plane?

A

Divides the body horizontally into upper and lower parts

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17
Q

What is an oblique plane?

A

Any section that is cut that is not a direct coronal, sagittal, or axial plane

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18
Q

What is organ structure orientation?

A

The way the body components are typically situated inside the body, determined by the long axis of structure

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19
Q

What is located in the dorsal cavity?

A

Cranial and spinal cavity

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20
Q

What cavities are located in the ventral cavity?

A

Thoracic cavity, pleural cavities, mediastinal cavity, pericardial cavity, abdominopelvic cavity, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity

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21
Q

Ventral cavity is subdivided by the___________

A

Diaphragm

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22
Q

What cavity is superior to the diaphragm and what cavity is inferior?

A

Thoractic is superior and abdominopelvic is inferior

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23
Q

What is the superior boundary of the abdominal cavity?

A

Diaphragm

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24
Q

What is the inferior boundary of the abdominal cavity?

A

Pelvic brim

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25
Q

What is the anterior boundary of the abdominal cavity?

A

Umbilicus, skin, and muscles

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26
Q

What is the posterior boundary of the abdominal cavity?

A

The muscles and vertebrae

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27
Q

What is the lateral boundary of the abdominal cavity?

A

Skin and muscles

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28
Q

What is the crus?

A

Part of the diaphragm that extends down to the upper lumbar vertebrae, bilaterally

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29
Q

What 3 structures pass through openings from the thoractic cavity into the abdominal cavity?

A
  • aorta (T12)
  • inferior vena cava (T8) most anterior
  • esophagus (T10)
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30
Q

What is the pelvic brim (linea terminal is)?

A

division between the abdominal and pelvic cavities

Look at PowerPoint

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31
Q

What is the function of abdominal walls?

A

Muscles around the organs to protect the abdomen

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32
Q

Where is the femoral artery located?

A

Halfway between the pubic symphysis and ASIS

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33
Q

What vertebrae are involved in the abdominal region?

A

Lumbar

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34
Q

What is the name of flat broad tendons?

A

Aponeurosis

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35
Q

What is the point of aponeurosis?

A

Joins muscles and the body parts the muscles act upon

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36
Q

What is the order or muscles from deepest to superficial?

A

Transverse abdominals muscle, internal oblique muscle, external oblique muscle

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37
Q

What is the direction of the external oblique muscle?

A

Extends downward and medially

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38
Q

What is the direction of the internal oblique muscle?

A

Extends upward and medially

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39
Q

True or false? The internal oblique muscle is parallel to the external oblique muscle?

A

False the internal oblique muscle is perpendicular to the external oblique muscle

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40
Q

Where is the rectus abdominus muscle located?

A

Anteriorly on each side of the central linea alba. It’s long and vertical

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41
Q

What is the linea alba?

A

A fibrous structure running down the midline.

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42
Q

What is the direction of the psoas muscle?

A

Passes anterior to the iliac crest of the pelvis

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43
Q

Where is the Quadratus Lumborum compares to the Psoas muscle?

A

Lateral and posterior to the psoas major muscles

44
Q

What abdominal region is the spleen located in?

A

Left hypochondriac

45
Q

What vertebral level does the transphyloric plane run through?

A

L-1

46
Q

What structure passes through the diaphragm most posteriorly?

A

Aorta

47
Q

What is the most inferior border of the abdominal cavity?

A

Linea terminalis (from the pubis synthesis to da real prominently)

48
Q

Which posterior abdominal wall muscle is most lateral?

A

QL

49
Q

What muscle forms the superior border of the abdominal cavity?

A

Diaphragm

50
Q

What is the name of the vertical white line that extends from the xiphoid to the symphysis pubis?

A

Linea alba

51
Q

The inferior border of which abdominal wall muscle forms the inguinal ligament?

A

External oblique

52
Q

What is the most medial muscle of the posterior abdominal wall?

A

Posas

53
Q

Which anterolateral abdominal muscle runs from the inferolateral aspect of the abdomen to the superomedial aspect?

A

Internal oblique

54
Q

Which abdominal muscle originates on the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae and inserts on the lesser trochanter of the femur?

A

Psoas

55
Q

What region of the abdomen is the spleen located in?

A

Left hypochondriac

56
Q

What region of the abdomen is the femoral artery located in?

A

Iliac

57
Q

What are the two connective tissue membranes?

A

Meninges and synovial membranes

58
Q

What does the meninges connective tissue membrane cover?

A

The Brian and spinal cord

59
Q

What does the synovial connective tissue membrane line?

A

Joint cavities

60
Q

What are the 3 layers of epithelial tissue membranes?

A

Cutaneous-skin
Mucous-1 layer
Serous-2 layers

61
Q

What are the 3 layers of meninges from deepest to superficial?

A

Pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater

62
Q

What is the order of layers of head from scalp to brain tissue?

A

Scalp, periosteum, bone, dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater, brain tissue

63
Q

What is the mucous membrane?

A

Line all body cavities that are open to the exterior

Ex) digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive

64
Q

What is the serous membrane?

A

Lines cavities that are closed to the exterior

  • pleural
  • pericardial
  • peritoneal
65
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A

Secretes a serous fluid that lubricates the surfaces of membranes, reducing friction

66
Q

What is the parietal peritoneum?

A

Lines the wall of the cavity

67
Q

What is the visceral peritoneum?

A

Covers the organs

68
Q

What is the cutaneous membrane?

A

The skin

69
Q

What is located in the axial skeleton?

A

Head, neck, and torso

Skull, spine, ribs, sternum

70
Q

What is located in the appendicular skeleton?

A

Shoulder and hips and arms and legs

71
Q

What is bone marrow?

A

Bone marrow produces red blood cells which carry oxygen to all body tissues. White blood cells help fight infection

72
Q

How many bones are there in the human body?

A

206

73
Q

How many muscles are there in the human body and what are the 3 types of muscles?

A

Skeletal, smooth, cardiac

74
Q

True or false. The digestive system has both serous membrane and mucous membrane?

A

True. The inner layer is a mucous layer and the outer is a serous membrane

75
Q

Describe the digestive system.

A
  • absorbs all nutrients
  • excretes
  • mouth, rectum, liver, pancreas
76
Q

Describe the cardiovascular system.

A
  • heart, arteries, vessels
  • delivers oxygen to tissues as well as nutrients
  • carries red blood cells
77
Q

Describe the respiratory system

A
  • nose, trachea, lungs, aveoli

- exchanges gases (CO2/O2)

78
Q

Describe the skeletal system

A

Provides structure and protects organs and help produce blood cells and store minerals

79
Q

Describe the muscular system

A
  • Provides movement

- lumps on bones are points of attachment for muscles

80
Q

Describe the nervous system

A
  • brain spinal, nerves
  • send signals to communicate
    1. Sensory input
    2. Integrates info
    3. Output
  • 2 parts-central and peripheral
81
Q

Describe the urinary system

A
  • kidneys, ureter, bladder, urethra

- secretes wastes, filters, maintains PH

82
Q

Describe the reproductive system

A
  • ovaries, testes, uterus, Fallopian tubes, vas defrens, penis, vagina, scrotum
  • female releases egg and nourishes fertilized egg
  • male produces sperm
83
Q

Describe the lymphatic system

A
  • lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, spleen, tonsils, fluid, appendix
  • immune protection
  • transports lymph with WBC through vessels
84
Q

Describe the endocrine system

A
  • pancreas, ovaries, tested, adrenal glands
  • hormonal system
  • chemical messengers to control body functions
85
Q

Describe the integumentary system

A
  • skin, hair, nails
  • first line of protection
  • absorption through the skin
86
Q

Which gland has a duct? Exocrine or endocrine?

A

Exocrine

87
Q

What vertebrae does the transpyloric line cross?

A

Mid L-1

88
Q

What vertebrae does the subcostal line cross?

A

Mid L-3

89
Q

What vertebrae does the transumbical line cross?

A

Between L-3 and L-4

90
Q

What vertebrae does the interiliac line cross?

A

Lower L-4

91
Q

What vertebrae does the transtubercular line cross?

A

Mid L5

92
Q

What vertical line lies to the right and left of the body?

A

Midclavicular line

93
Q

What body parts does the external oblique muscle insert?

A

Inserts on the anterior side of the rectus abdominous aponeurosis, iliac crest and pubic tubercle

94
Q

What body part does the internal oblique muscle originate?

A

Originated from the iliac crest to the inferior borders of the ribs and the aponeurosis on the lateral portion of the rectus abdominus

95
Q

Where does the transverse abdominus muscle insert?

A

Inserts on the aponeurosis of the posterior rectus sheath

96
Q

Where is the erector spinae located?

A

Posterior to the Quadratus Lumborum muscle

97
Q

What does the inguinal ligament artery protect?

A

Femoral artery

98
Q

Inferior margin of external oblique muscle outermost forms inguinal ligament!!!!!!!!!

A

Know this

99
Q

Describe the path of the Psoas

A

Originates on vertebral bodies, intervertebral discs and transverse processes of T-12 and L-5

100
Q

Describe what happens to your smooth muscle when your body temp is high and low

A

Low-smooth muscle contricts to conserve heat

High-smooth muscle relaxes increasing blood flow and heat release through your skin

101
Q

The heel

A

Calcneal

102
Q

The calf

A

Sural

103
Q

The head

A

Cephalic

104
Q

The back of the head

A

Occipital

105
Q

The elbow

A

Olecranal

106
Q

The shin

A

Crural

Cross (6 decks)

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