Test 3 vocab

Question 1

population ecology

Answer 1

• the study of populations (the numbers of individuals of a particular species at a given time and location), and their interactions with the environment
• mortality

Question 2

density

Answer 2

the number of individuals of a species per unit space (volume)

Question 3

births

Answer 3

• add to a population;
• natality

Question 4

immigration

Answer 4

• the influx of new individuals into a population from other area
• the migrations of individuals into the population
• i

Question 5

deaths

Answer 5

• which remove individuals from a population
• mortality

Question 6

emigration

Answer 6

• the movement of individuals out of a population
• the migration of individuals out of the population

Question 7

dispersion

Answer 7

the pattern of spacing among individuals within the boundaries of a population

Question 8

clumped dispersion

Answer 8

type of distribution where individuals aggregate in patches

Question 9

uniform dispersion

Answer 9

type of distribution where individuals are more evenly distributed than would be expected randomly

Question 10

random dispersion

Answer 10

type of distribution where the position of each individual is independent of other individuals (unpredictable spacing)

Question 11

demography

Answer 11

the study of changes over time in the vital statistics (birth and eath rates, ect.) of population

Question 12

life table

Answer 12

an age-specific summary of the survival pattern of a population

Question 13

cohort

Answer 13

a group of individuals of the same age from birth until all of the individuals are dead

Question 14

survivorship curve

Answer 14

is a graphic way of representing the data in a life table (age-specific mortality)

Question 15

Type I curve

Answer 15

low death rates during early and middle life (flat curve at the state) and an increase in death rates among older age groups (curve drops steeply)

Question 16

Type II curve

Answer 16

a constant death rate over the organism’s life span

Question 17

Type III curve

Answer 17

high death rates for the young (curve drops steeply at the start) and a lower death rate for survivors( curve flattens out)

Question 18

reporductive table (fertility schedule)

Answer 18

is an age-specific summary of the reproductive rates in a population

Question 19

ΔN

Answer 19

is the change in population size

Question 20

Δt

Answer 20

is the change in time (generation time or life span)

Question 21

b

Answer 21

is the natality (birth) rate; aka per capita birth rate

Question 22

natality rate (per capita birth rate)

Answer 22

the number of offspring produced per unit time per average individual (per capita) of the population

Question 23

d or m

Answer 23

the mortlality (death) rate; aka per capita death ate

Question 24

mortality (death) rate

Answer 24

the # of expected deaths per unit time in a population

Question 25

N

Answer 25

the population size

Question 26

mathmatical models describe population growth

Answer 26

* ΔN/Δt=bN-dN * r=b-d to find the rate of growth * dn/dt=rN to find to total growth during set time

Question 27

r

Answer 27

the per capita rate of change (growth rate)

Question 28

zero population growth

Answer 28

the population is stable; occurs when natality and mortality are equal

Question 29

dispersal

Answer 29

the movement of individuals among populations

Question 30

exponential population growth

Answer 30

growth of a population increases at a constant rate (only occurs under idealized conditions)

Question 31

J-shaped curve

Answer 31

when population size is plotted over time showing exponential growth

Question 32

carrying capacity (K)

Answer 32

the maximum population size the environment can sustain

Question 33

logistic population growth

Answer 33

* model describes how a population grows more slowly as it nears its carrying capacity * dN/dt=rN[(K-N)/K]

Question 34

S shaped growth curve

Answer 34

growth regulated by environmental resistance shows

Question 36

semelparity (big-bang reproduction)

Answer 36

reproduction in which an organism produces all of its offspring in a single event

Question 37

iteroparity (repeated reproduction)

Answer 37

reproduction in which an organism produces offspring over many years (repeatedly)

Question 38

R-strategists

Answer 38

organism that prossess traits to increase the growth rate (r)

Question 39

r-selection

Answer 39

* density-indepentent selection * selects for life history traits that maximize reproductive success in uncrowded environments (abandoned agriculture field or burned area)

Question 40

K-strategists

Answer 40

organisms that posses traits to ensure that the population of a species doesn't exceed the carrying capacity

Question 41

K-selection

Answer 41

* density-dependent selection * selects for life history traits that are sensitive to population density

Question 42

density -independent factors

Answer 42

limit population size

Question 43

density-dependent factors

Answer 43

* regulate population size. birth rates fall and death rates rise with population density * competions for resources * toxic wastes * predation * intrinsic (physiological) factors * territoryiality * disease

Question 44

competition for resources

Answer 44

* in crowded population, increasing poulation density intensifies competition for resources and results in a lower birth rate * intraspecific * interspecific

Question 45

intraspecific

Answer 45

competions exists between members of the same species

Question 46

interspecific

Answer 46

competion exists between memebers of different species

Question 47

age structure

Answer 47

the relative number of individuals of each age in a population

Question 48

people over population

Answer 48

is a result of too many people living in certain area

Question 49

consumption overpopultation

Answer 49

is a result of people over-utilizing resources