Lab exam2 Flashcards
Know
know
Monocot or dicot
Dicot root
Monocot or dicot
Dicot root
monocot or dicot
monocot root
monocot or dicot
monocot root
know
dicot root
know
dicot root
know
monocot root
know
monocot root
know
lateral root
Identify root adaptations: nodules, knots, mychorrizae, prop roots, haustoria
nodules - swellings on the roots of plants, such as leguems, in which symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria lives
knots - ?
mychorrizae - mutualistic associations of fungi and plant roots that aid plant’s absorption of essential minerals from the soil.
prop roots - help anchor and brace plant against wind
haustoria - parasitic root that parasitizes a host plant
know
External anatomy of woody twig
Be able to distinguish between monocot and dicot stem cross sections and label parts
dicot
Be able to distinguish between monocot and dicot stem cross sections and label parts
monocot
Be able to distinguish between monocot and dicot stem cross sections and label parts
dicot
Identifystem adaptations(figure 24.24): stolon, rhizome, tuber, corm, tendrils
stolon - runner-like, growing beneath the surface and in different directions
rhizome - type of modified stem in which the stem grows horizontally below the ground, resembling a root
tuber - swollen extensions of stolons modified to store carbohydrates
corm - looks like bulbs, but they do not have fleshy leaves. the only leaves are thin, papery, brown structures on the outside of the corm
tendrils - in climbing plants, such as grapes. those on pumpkins and peas are modified leaves.
know the anatomy of a woody tree trunk
Understand classification of leaves(practice using fresh samples)
What is the leaf arrangement on the stem?
compound, indicate leaf complexity: pinnate vs palmate
pinnate - leaflets occur in pairs along the rachis (extension) of the petiole
palmate - all of the leaflets are attached at the same origin
What is the leaf venation?
parallel - which the veins are arranged nearly parallel to each other
dichotomous - veins fork out from the base of the blade (Ginkgo)
palmate - several primary veins branch out from a singel point
pinnate - have one prominent primary vein, or midrib, and secondary veins branch off the midrib
What is the leaf margin? (toothed/serrated, lobed, undulate, entire)
Typical Leaf Anatomy
leaf epidermis
Typical Leaf Anatomy: what is this?
Typical Leaf Anatomy: label; monocot or dicot
dicot because of the spongy mesophyll
Typical Leaf Anatomy: label; monocot or dicot
monocot because NO spongy mesophyll
Identify Specialized Leaves
Know the equation for photosynthesis
- Light energy + 6CO2 + 6 H20 → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
- CO2 becomes reduces to C6H12O6
- H2O becomes oxidized to O2
Understand the principles of absorptionand reflection. Review absorption spectrum graphs and how to interpret them.
- The colors that are absorbed are the ones that is not reflected. So since we see green in leaves the chlorophyll a is reflecting the green color of the spectrem and absorbing the other.
- the absorption spectrum graph is what is being absorbed in the peeks and what is being reflected in the troughs
Why did the Elodea change the color of the phenol red in the test tubes?
- This change in color indicates that the Elodea plant is performing photosynthesis, and is taking up the carbon dioxide from the phenol red solution.
- The phenol red changes color (to amber color) when you blow into it, because you are introducing carbon dioxide to the mix. Phenol red changes to yellow in a pH lower than 7, so the solution turning yellow is an indication of an acidic (lower than 7 pH) solution.
- The Elodea plant changed the color back to red.
Understand the principles of chromatography and how it is used to study plant pigments.
- ‘Chromatography’ is an analytical technique commonly used for separating a mixture of chemical substances into its individual components, so that the individual components can be thoroughly analyzed.
- Chromatography is used to study plant pigment by extracting pigments from the plant and then sorting them by their physical characteristics so they can be analyzed. Chromatography is useful in separating different types of plant pigments because they are very similar to one another and can be difficult to distinguish or physically separate otherwise.
What is the relationship between photosynthesis and starch storage in leaves? How does dark impact photosynthesis?
- When photosynthesis is allowed to take place the amount of starch goes up since it is storing the sugars in the plant as starch.
- When photosynthesis can not occur sugars cannot be made, in turn the plant has to us up it’s reserves for metabolic processes.
What are the photosynthetic pigments used in photosynthesis?
- Primary pigment: chlorophyll a
- Accessory pigments: chlorophyll b, carotenes, xanthophylls
Understand and be able to label basic plant organization
Understand and be able to label root tip anatomy
Be able to distinguish between monocot and dicot roots and stems in the microscope and on illustrations. Be able to label the anatomy of the cross sections e.g phloem, xylem, cortex, etc.
Be able to identify types of root (taproot, fibrous root, storage root, prop roots) and types of stem (rhizome, bulbs, stolons, tubers)
- rhizome - lilly,
- bulbs - onion,
- stolons - strawberries,
- tubers - potatoes
Understand and be able to label external anatomy of a twig
Understand and be able to sketch basic leaf anatomy, arrangement, venation, simple vs compound (pinnate vs palmate)
Understand and be able to label internal anatomy of a leaf
Be able to identify main internal leaf structures
Understand and be able to label the layers of woody stems.
Be able to identify major Betta anatomical features.
What “triggers” did you find that caused your fish to react?
- size
- color
- flared gills
- flared fins
What was the purpose of the fish lab?
- to observe communication
- obsreve the agonistic behavior of the betta fish
Be able to effectively use a dichotomous key
Make sure you understand the relationship(s) between predators and prey and the how the simulation demonstrates the role of natural selection in populations.
jelly bean lab…. green jelly beans main ones survived
Know the difference between interspecific and intraspecific competition.
- Intraspecific competition exists between members of the same species.
- Interspecific competition exists between members of different species
