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A&P Test 3 > Test 3 - Visual Senses > Flashcards

Test 3 - Visual Senses Flashcards

1
Q

Lacrimal Apparatus

A 
Flow of solution across the eye:
Gland
Ducts
Punctum
Canals
Sac
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2
Q

Lacrimal Glands

A

Above the eye, towards the side of the face, under the skin

Continually drip a solution onto anterior surface of eye through several ducts

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3
Q

Lacrimal Puncta

A

Corner of eye

Right up against lacrimal caruncle

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4
Q

Lacrimal Canaliculus

A

Medial corner of eye
Under skin
Tiny openings let tears through and into Lacrimal sac

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5
Q

Lacrimal Sac

A

Medial side of eyes right next to nose

Under skin

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6
Q

Nasolacrimal Duct

A

Connects Lacrimal Sac into nasal cavity

Empties tears into nasal cavity

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7
Q

Eyebrows

A

Meant to protect the eye from sweat

Lots of sebaceous glands (waxy, waterproof)

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8
Q

Eyelids

A 
Also called Palpebrae
Includes:
Lateral (canthus) and medial (cathi) commissures
Palpebral fissure
Lacrimal caruncle
Tarsal glands
Conjunctiva
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9
Q

Lateral and Medial Commissures

A

Corners of the eyelid
Lateral = canthus
Medial = canthi

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10
Q

Lacrimal Caruncle

A

Fleshy part of medial eye
Pinkish part you can see
Produces whitish oily secretion

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11
Q

Conjunctiva

A

Mucous membrane that lines internal eyelid

Secretes mucus to lubricate eyeball

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12
Q

Palpebral Fissure

A

Area where the conjunctiva doesn’t cover

Iris of eye

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13
Q

Tarsal Glands

A

Also called meibomian
Secrete oily substance
Posterior to eyelashes, under skin

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14
Q

Ciliary Glands

A

Modified sweat glands between eyelashes

Inflammation = sty

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15
Q

Muscles of the Eye

A 
Lateral rectus
Medial rectus
Superior rectus
Inferior rectus
Inferior Oblique
Superior Oblique
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16
Q

Lateral Rectus

A

Side of eyeball on lateral side
Moves eye laterally
Controlled by VI - abducens

17
Q

Medial Rectus

A

Side of eyeball on medial side
Moves eye medially
Controlled by III-Oculomotor

18
Q

Superior Rectus

A

Top of eye back to common tendinous ring
Elevates eye and turns it medially
Controlled by III-Oculomotor

19
Q

Inferior Rectus

A

Bottom of eye and back to common ring
Depresses eye and turns it medially
Controlled by III-Oculomotor

20
Q

Inferior Oblique

A

Wraps underneath eye
Elevates eye and turns it laterally
Controlled by III-Oculomotor

21
Q

Superior Oblique

A

Connects from trochlea and back to common ring
Extension of superior oblique tendon
Depresses eye and turns it laterally
Controlled by IV-Trochlear

22
Q

Layers of the Internal Eye

A 
Fibrous Tunic (sclera, cornea)
Vascular Tunic (choroids, ciliary body, iris)
Nervous Tunic (retina)
23
Q

Fibrous Tunic

A 
Sclera: 
-opaque white layer
-white of eye
Cornea:
-portion of sclera in front of iris that is transparent
-allows light to enter the eye
24
Q

Vascular Tunic (Uvea)

A 
Choroid:
-Posterior
-Dark pigment
-Prevents light from scattering around eye
Ciliary Body:
-Anterior
-Ciliary muscles that control lens shape
-Ciliary processes (inner ring) secret aqueous humor
Iris:
-Pigmented
-Smooth muscle fibers dilate pupil to let light in
Pupil:
-"Hole"
-Allows light in
25
Q

Sensory/Nervous Tunic

A 
Retina:
Outer pigmented layer
Inner neural layer
-contains photoreceptors
-95% rod cells, dim light, shade
-5% cone cells, bright light, color
26
Q

Cells of the Retina

A

Photoreceptors (most posterior, back of eye)
Bipolar
Ganglion (most anterior)

Light travels thru ganglion and bipolar to photoreceptors
The photoreceptors are excited and the action potential travels thru bipolar to ganglion and out optic nerve

27
Q

Retina Cones

A

Fovea centralis: greatest concentration of cones, greatest focus
Macula lutea: high cone density, next to fovia
Optic disc: blind spit, where optic nerve leaves back of eye

28
Q

Eye Cavities

A 
Anterior segment: 
-Filled with aqueous humor
-2 Chambers
Anterior Chamber: between cornea and iris
Posterior Chamber: between iris and lens

Posterior Segment:

  • filled with vitreous humor
  • Behind lens to back of eye
29
Q

Aqueous Humor

A 
Fills anterior segments
Formed in ciliary processes
Reabsorbed into canal of Schlemm
Controls intraocular pressure
Glaucoma= too much pressure, blindness
30
Q

Lens

A

Flattened for distant vision
Rounded for close vision
Cataracts = clouding of lens

31
Q

Emmetropic

A

Normal vision

32
Q

Myopic

A

Nearsighted vision
Eye is too long
Correct with concave lens

33
Q

Hyperopic

A

Farsighted
Eye is too short
Correct with convex lens

34
Q

Astigmatism

A

Unusual curvature of lens or cornea

A&P Test 3 (6 decks)

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