Test 3 - Visual Senses

Question 1

Lacrimal Apparatus

Answer 1

Flow of solution across the eye:
Gland
Ducts
Punctum
Canals
Sac

Question 2

Lacrimal Glands

Answer 2

Above the eye, towards the side of the face, under the skin

Continually drip a solution onto anterior surface of eye through several ducts

Question 3

Lacrimal Puncta

Answer 3

Corner of eye

Right up against lacrimal caruncle

Question 4

Lacrimal Canaliculus

Answer 4

Medial corner of eye
Under skin
Tiny openings let tears through and into Lacrimal sac

Question 5

Lacrimal Sac

Answer 5

Medial side of eyes right next to nose

Under skin

Question 6

Nasolacrimal Duct

Answer 6

Connects Lacrimal Sac into nasal cavity

Empties tears into nasal cavity

Question 7

Eyebrows

Answer 7

Meant to protect the eye from sweat

Lots of sebaceous glands (waxy, waterproof)

Question 8

Eyelids

Answer 8

Also called Palpebrae
Includes:
Lateral (canthus) and medial (cathi) commissures
Palpebral fissure
Lacrimal caruncle
Tarsal glands
Conjunctiva

Question 9

Lateral and Medial Commissures

Answer 9

Corners of the eyelid
Lateral = canthus
Medial = canthi

Question 10

Lacrimal Caruncle

Answer 10

Fleshy part of medial eye
Pinkish part you can see
Produces whitish oily secretion

Question 11

Conjunctiva

Answer 11

Mucous membrane that lines internal eyelid

Secretes mucus to lubricate eyeball

Question 12

Palpebral Fissure

Answer 12

Area where the conjunctiva doesn’t cover

Iris of eye

Question 13

Tarsal Glands

Answer 13

Also called meibomian
Secrete oily substance
Posterior to eyelashes, under skin

Question 14

Ciliary Glands

Answer 14

Modified sweat glands between eyelashes

Inflammation = sty

Question 15

Muscles of the Eye

Answer 15

Lateral rectus
Medial rectus
Superior rectus
Inferior rectus
Inferior Oblique
Superior Oblique

Question 16

Lateral Rectus

Answer 16

Side of eyeball on lateral side
Moves eye laterally
Controlled by VI - abducens

Question 17

Medial Rectus

Answer 17

Side of eyeball on medial side
Moves eye medially
Controlled by III-Oculomotor

Question 18

Superior Rectus

Answer 18

Top of eye back to common tendinous ring
Elevates eye and turns it medially
Controlled by III-Oculomotor

Question 19

Inferior Rectus

Answer 19

Bottom of eye and back to common ring
Depresses eye and turns it medially
Controlled by III-Oculomotor

Question 20

Inferior Oblique

Answer 20

Wraps underneath eye
Elevates eye and turns it laterally
Controlled by III-Oculomotor

Question 21

Superior Oblique

Answer 21

Connects from trochlea and back to common ring
Extension of superior oblique tendon
Depresses eye and turns it laterally
Controlled by IV-Trochlear

Question 22

Layers of the Internal Eye

Answer 22

Fibrous Tunic (sclera, cornea)
Vascular Tunic (choroids, ciliary body, iris)
Nervous Tunic (retina)

Question 23

Fibrous Tunic

Answer 23

Sclera: 
-opaque white layer
-white of eye
Cornea:
-portion of sclera in front of iris that is transparent
-allows light to enter the eye

Question 24

Vascular Tunic (Uvea)

Answer 24

Choroid:
-Posterior
-Dark pigment
-Prevents light from scattering around eye
Ciliary Body:
-Anterior
-Ciliary muscles that control lens shape
-Ciliary processes (inner ring) secret aqueous humor
Iris:
-Pigmented
-Smooth muscle fibers dilate pupil to let light in
Pupil:
-"Hole"
-Allows light in

Question 25

Sensory/Nervous Tunic

Answer 25

``` Retina: Outer pigmented layer Inner neural layer -contains photoreceptors -95% rod cells, dim light, shade -5% cone cells, bright light, color ```

Question 26

Cells of the Retina

Answer 26

Photoreceptors (most posterior, back of eye) Bipolar Ganglion (most anterior) Light travels thru ganglion and bipolar to photoreceptors The photoreceptors are excited and the action potential travels thru bipolar to ganglion and out optic nerve

Question 27

Retina Cones

Answer 27

Fovea centralis: greatest concentration of cones, greatest focus Macula lutea: high cone density, next to fovia Optic disc: blind spit, where optic nerve leaves back of eye

Question 28

Eye Cavities

Answer 28

``` Anterior segment: -Filled with aqueous humor -2 Chambers Anterior Chamber: between cornea and iris Posterior Chamber: between iris and lens ``` Posterior Segment: - filled with vitreous humor - Behind lens to back of eye

Question 29

Aqueous Humor

Answer 29

``` Fills anterior segments Formed in ciliary processes Reabsorbed into canal of Schlemm Controls intraocular pressure Glaucoma= too much pressure, blindness ```

Question 30

Lens

Answer 30

Flattened for distant vision Rounded for close vision Cataracts = clouding of lens

Question 31

Emmetropic

Answer 31

Normal vision

Question 32

Myopic

Answer 32

Nearsighted vision Eye is too long Correct with concave lens

Question 33

Hyperopic

Answer 33

Farsighted Eye is too short Correct with convex lens

Question 34

Astigmatism

Answer 34

Unusual curvature of lens or cornea