{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "name": "Brainscape", "url": "https://www.brainscape.com/", "logo": "https://www.brainscape.com/pks/images/cms/public-views/shared/Brainscape-logo-c4e172b280b4616f7fda.svg", "sameAs": [ "https://www.facebook.com/Brainscape", "https://x.com/brainscape", "https://www.linkedin.com/company/brainscape", "https://www.instagram.com/brainscape/", "https://www.tiktok.com/@brainscapeu", "https://www.pinterest.com/brainscape/", "https://www.youtube.com/@BrainscapeNY" ], "contactPoint": { "@type": "ContactPoint", "telephone": "(929) 334-4005", "contactType": "customer service", "availableLanguage": ["English"] }, "founder": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Andrew Cohen" }, "description": "Brainscape’s spaced repetition system is proven to DOUBLE learning results! Find, make, and study flashcards online or in our mobile app. Serious learners only.", "address": { "@type": "PostalAddress", "streetAddress": "159 W 25th St, Ste 517", "addressLocality": "New York", "addressRegion": "NY", "postalCode": "10001", "addressCountry": "USA" } }
Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A&P Test 3 > Test 3 - Spinal Cord and Reflexes > Flashcards

Test 3 - Spinal Cord and Reflexes Flashcards

(58 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Spinal Nerves

A 
8 Cervical
12 Thoracic
5 Lumbar
5 Sacral
1 Coccygeal
= 31 Total
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Parts of Spinal Cord

A 
From top to bottom:
Cervical Nerves 
Cervical Enlargement (C4-T1)
Thoracic Nerves
Lumbar Enlargement (T9-T12)
Lumbar Spinal Nerves
Conus Medullaris (Cone at end (L1-L2)
Cauda Equina (horse's tail)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Spinal Meninges

A

Epidural Space: no fat
Dura Mater: Outer, fat, tissue, blood vessels
Arachnoid: Subdural space and serous fluid
Pia Mater: Subarachnoid space, CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Gray commisure

A

Center hole of spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Anterior Spinal Cord

A 
White commissure
Gray horns
Conducts motor impulses
Gray part does not reach edge
Ventral median fissure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Posterior Spinal Cord

A

Posterior or dorsal gray horns
Conduct sensory impulses
Gray part reaches to edge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Funiculus

A

White “columns” or parts of spinal cord
Dorsal, Ventral and Lateral
Ascend = Sensory
Descend = motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Spinal Tracts

A

Named by where they start + where they end

Ex. Spinothalmic starts in spine, ends in thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nerve Plexuses

A

Cervical
Brachial
Lumbar
Sacral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cervical Plexus

A

C1-C4
Phrenic Nerve comes up thru C4 & C5 to diaphragm
C3, C4, C5 keep the diaphragm alive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Brachial Plexus

A

C5-C8 to T1
Axillary Nerve: muscles and skin of shoulder
Radial Nerve: extensor muscles of arm and hand
Musculocutaneous Nerve: Flexion of forearm, lateral forearm skin
Ulnar Nerve: Flexor carpi ulnaris, funny bone
Median Nerve: Flexor muscles of arm and hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Lumbar Plexus

A

L1-L4, sometimes T12

Femoral Nerve: Anterior thigh muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sacral Plexus

A

L4-L5, S1-S4

Sciatic Nerve: Largest in body, posterior thigh flexor muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

A

Part of PNS
Body functions not under conscious control
Includes Parasympathetic and Sympathetic divisions
Opposite of Somatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Autonomic Neurons

A

Preganglionic: in brain stem or lateral horn of spinal cord (aka CNS)
Postganglionic: PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Parasympathetic Division

A

ANS
Resting and digesting
Craniosacral outflow (aka top and bottom)
Long preganglionic, short post ganglionic neuron
Both neurons release ACh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Sympathetic Division

A 
ANS
Fight or flight
Thorocolumbar outflow (aka middle)
Pre and Postganglion are similar length
Preganglion release Ach
Postganglion release norephinephrine (adrenaline)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Parts of a Reflex Arc

A 
Receptor: sensory structure
Sensory Neuron: afferent neuron
Integration Center
Motor Neuron: efferent neuron
Effector: muscle or gland
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Monosynaptic Arc

A

Sensory neuron synapses directly to motor neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Polysynaptic Arc

A

Sensory neuron synapses to integration center then to motor neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Other Reflex Arcs

A

Spinal: only carried by spinal cord
Somatic: Skeletal muscle contraction
Visceral: (autonomic) smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, etc
Reciprocal Inhibition: inhibits antagonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Somatic Reflexes

A

All are Spinal Reflexes
Stretch
Crossed-Extensor
Superficial Cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Stretch Reflex

A

Somatic
Postural and balance reflexes
Causes relaxation of antagonist muscles
Knee jerk reaction, achilles jerk reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Crossed Extensor Reflex

Study These Flashcards
A

Somatic
Flexion of one muscle and extension of opposite
Withdrawal of grabbed arm and extension of opposite

25
Superficial Cord Reflex
Somatic | Plantar: positive babinski= extension of toes when foot is stroked
26
Cranial Nerve Reflexes
Somatic Corneal Gag reflex
27
Autonomic Reflexes
Pupillary Ciliospinal Salivary
28
Pupillary Reflexes
Adjusts pupil for focal length and light Contralateral response: one side of body is stimulated but the other responds Ipsilateral: side of body stimulated also responds
29
Ciliospinal Reflexes
Pupils dilate in response to stroking back of neck | Ipsilateral sometimes but often Contralateral
30
Salivary Reflex
Generates saliva based on food intake | Smell of food, etc
31
General vs Special senses
General: touch, pressure, pain, temperature, stretch, vibration, balance Special: Sight, hearing, equilibrium, smell, taste
32
Exteroceptors
React to stimuli in external environment Found close to body's surface Cutaneous of skin, specialized surfaces of special senses (eyes, hearing)
33
Interoceptors (Visceroceptors)
React to stimuli within body | Found in Internal visceral organs, chemoreceptors, etc
34
Propioreceptors
React to internal stimuli Skeletal muscles, joints, ligaments Provide info about location of these structures
35
Root Hair Plexuses
``` Also known as root hair plexuses Tactile sensation Respond to bending of the hair Light touch, wind, etc Not well localized Found wrapped around root of hair ```
36
Free (Naked) Nerve Endings
Tactile sensation Least specialized touch receptors Respond to pain and temperature (exteroceptors) Also are visceral interoceptors
37
Merkel's Discs
Tactile sensation When free nerve endings associate with specific epidermal cells Found in or near the upper layer of skin (epidermis) Detect light touch
38
Mechanoreceptors
Respond to compression, bending | Touch, tickle, itch, vibration, pressure, hearing, balance
39
Thermoreceptors
Respond to changes in temperature
40
Chemoreceptor
Respond to chemicals | Taste and smell
41
Photoreceptors
Also known as electromagnetic Respond to light Vision
42
Nocireceptors
Respond to pain Can be thermo, mechanical, chemo Responds to multiple types stimuli
43
Meissner's Corpuscles
Tactile sensation Also known as tactile corpuscles Found in dermal papillae - right up against epidermis Ability to detect texture, 2 point discrimination
44
Ruffini End Organs
Tactile sensation Respond to deep or continuous pressure and stretch of adjacent skin Found in dermis - look like muscle spindles
45
Tactile Sensation Organs
``` Root Hair Plexus Free Nerve Endings Merkels Discs Meissners Corpuscles Ruffini ```
46
Pacinian Corpuscles
Pressure sensation Found deep in dermis- look like onions Respond to deep pressure or high frequency vibrations
47
Pressure Sensation Organs
Free nerve endings | Pacinian corpuscles
48
Thermoreceptive Organs
Free nerve endings | Krause bulb ends
49
Krause bulb ends
Thermoreceptive Cold receptor Type of free nerve ending Increases rate of action potential to bring heat to area
50
Cutaneous Sensations
``` Tactile -Touch -Pressure -Vibration Thermoreceptive Pain ```
51
Vibration Receptors
Meissners corpuscles | Pacinian corpuscles
52
Pain Sensation
Pain receptors = nocieptors Somatic pain Visceral pain = mostly referred pain
53
Referred pain
Pain is perceived in one area, but actually occurs in another Aka ice cream headache
54
Negative Afterimages
Differences in temperature sensation based on where the sensor was exposed previously
55
Proprioceptive Sensations
``` Receptors: Muscle spindles Golgi tendon organs Joint Kinesthetic recptors Maculae and Cristae ```
56
Muscle Spindles
Proprioceptive receptors Special muscle fibers in muscles Information about length of muscle
57
Golgi Tendon Organs
Proprioceptive receptors Located with fibers of tendon near junction with muscle Activated by change in tension of tendon
58
Maculae
Proprioceptive receptors Hairs and microvilli that move with fluid motion Balance, gravity responses, stability

A&P Test 3 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions