Test 3- Hearing and Equilibrium

Question 1

Parts of External Ear

Answer 1

Pinna or Auricle
Auditory Canal
Ceruminous Glands
Tympanic Membrane

Question 2

Auricle or Pinna

Answer 2

Part of external ear
In most creatures, this directs sounds to ears
Cartilage outside of auditory canal
includes:
-Lobule (ear lobe)
-Helix (fold or cuff of ear)

Question 3

Auditory Canal

Answer 3

External ear
Aka external acoustic meatus
Short tunnel through temporal bone
Lined with ceruminous glands

Question 4

Ceriuminous Glands

Answer 4

External ear
Located on walls of auditory canal
Secrete wax

Question 5

Tympanic Membrane

Answer 5

External ear
Aka Eardrum
Vibrates at frequency of incoming sound wave
Dividing line between external and middle ear

Question 6

Middle Ear

Answer 6

Pharyngotympanic Tube
Auditory Ossicles
-Malleus
-Incus
-Stapes
Oval Window
Round Window

Question 7

Pharyngotympanic Tube

Answer 7

Middle Ear
Tube below auditory ossicles
Normally flattened, opens to equalize pressure when yawning or swallowing
Change in pressure = plugged ear = here

Question 8

Auditory Ossicles

Answer 8

Middle Ear
Articulate to amplify/damp and transmit vibrations to fluids in inner ear
From lateral to medial:
-Malleus (hammer)
-Incus (anvil)
-Stapes (stirrup)

Question 9

Oval Window

Answer 9

Middle ear
Aka fenestra vestibuli
Right next to Stapes (above round window)
Allows transmission of sounds from middle to inner ear
Opens into scala vestibuli

Question 10

Inner Ear

Answer 10

Aka Labyrinth
Cochlea
Semicircular Canals
Vestibule

Question 11

Canals of Cochlea

Answer 11

Inner ear
Snail shell
3 Canals
1. Vestibular canal (Scala Vestibuli)
-Superior
-On side shared with cochlear duct
-Filled with perilymph
2. Tympanic canal (Scala Tympani)
-Inferior
-filled with Perilymph
3. Cochlear Canal (Scala Media)
-Middle, on same side as Vestibuli
-filled with endolymph

Question 12

Parts of Cochlea

Answer 12

Canals
Organ of Corti:
-the spiral shell part
-sensory portion
-hearing receptors and tiny hairs
-nerve connection to VIII- cochlear
Cochlear duct:
-hollow tube of snail shell
Tectorial Membrane:
-hangs over snail shell
Basilar Membrane:
-underneath snail shell

Question 13

Semicircular Canals

Answer 13

Inner ear

Manage dynamic equilibrium

Question 14

Round Window

Answer 14

Middle Ear
aka Fesestra Cochlea
Opens into scala tympani

Question 15

Vestibules

Answer 15

Inner Ear
Fluid filled, cilia moves
Static equilibrium
Utriculus 
Sacculus

Question 16

Static Equilibrium

Answer 16

Orientation of body in reference to gravity
Vestibules: knobs at corners of semicircular canals
Macula: special epithelial cells
-Utricle macula = parallel to base of skull
-Saccule macula = perpendicular
Ototliths: gelatinous mass made of protein and CaCO3 that moves and bends hairs in response to gravity
Hairs synapse directly to nerve VIII-vestibular

Question 17

Dynamic Equilibrium

Answer 17

Rotation, Acceleration, Deceleration
Ampulla: expanded base of each semicircular canal
Crista Ampullaris: special epithelium like macula
Cupula: gelatinous mass