Test 3 Spanish Flashcard
What does “que” mean, and when is it used?
“Que” means “that,” “which,” or “who.” It is the most frequently used relative pronoun, referring to things or people. It is never omitted.
Example of “que” referring to a thing.
¿Dónde está la cafetera que compré? (Where is the coffee maker [that] I bought?)
When do you use “quien(es)” instead of “que”?
“Quien(es)” is used only for people and often follows a preposition or the personal “a.” Example: Son las chicas de quienes me hablaste.
What is the difference between “que” and “lo que”?
“Que” refers to specific things or people, while “lo que” refers to an idea, situation, or past event and means “what” or “the thing that.”
Example of “lo que.”
Lo que quiero es una casa. (What I want is a house.)
Example of “quien” in a sentence.
Eva, a quien conocí anoche, es mi nueva vecina. (Eva, whom I met last night, is my new neighbor.)
How are formal commands (usted/ustedes) formed?
- Start with the yo form of the present tense.
- Drop the -o ending.
- For -ar verbs, add -e (usted) or -en (ustedes).
- For -er/-ir verbs, add -a (usted) or -an (ustedes).
Conjugate “limpiar” as a formal command.
Usted: limpie
Ustedes: limpien
Conjugate “barrer” as a formal command.
Usted: barra
Ustedes: barran
Formal commands for “decir” (irregular verb).
Usted: diga
Ustedes: digan
Conjugate “volver” as a formal command, noting stem change.
Usted: vuelva
Ustedes: vuelvan
(Stem change: o → ue)
Steps for creating negative formal commands.
Add “no” before the formal command.
Example: No limpie la casa ahora. (Don’t clean the house now.)
Conjugate “servir” as a formal command.
Usted: sirva
Ustedes: sirvan
(Stem change: e → i)
Rule for irregular verbs in formal commands.
Verbs irregular in the yo form maintain irregularity in formal commands.
Examples:
- Tener: tenga, tengan
- Salir: salga, salgan
Example of a formal command with a reflexive verb.
Usted: Siéntese. (Sit down.)
Ustedes: Siéntense. (Sit down.)
Formal command for “hacer” in affirmative/negative forms.
Affirmative: haga, hagan
Negative: no haga, no hagan
What does aconsejar mean?
To advise
What does las afueras mean?
Suburbs; outskirts
What does la alfombra mean?
Carpet; rug
What does la almohada mean?
Pillow
What does alquilar mean?
To rent
What does el alquiler mean?
Rent (payment)
What does el altillo mean?
Attic
What does el amo/a de casa mean?
Homemaker
What does el armario mean?
Closet
What does arreglar mean?
To straighten up
What does el balcón mean?
Balcony
What does barrer el suelo mean?
To sweep the floor
What does el barrio mean?
Neighborhood
What does la cafetera mean?
Coffee maker
What does el cartel mean?
Poster
What does la cocina mean?
Kitchen or stove
What does cocinar mean?
To cook
What does el comedor mean?
Dining room
What does la cómoda mean?
Chest of drawers
What does el congelador mean?
Freezer
What does la copa mean?
Wineglass
What does las cortinas mean?
Curtains
What does el cuadro mean?
Picture
What does la cuchara mean?
(Table or large) spoon
What does el cuchillo mean?
Knife
What does el dormitorio mean?
Bedroom
What does el edificio de apartamentos mean?
Apartment building
What does el electrodoméstico mean?
Electric appliance
What does ensuciar mean?
To get (something) dirty
What does la entrada mean?
Entrance
What does Es bueno que… mean?
It’s good that…
What does Es importante que… mean?
It’s important that…
What does Es malo que… mean?
It’s bad that…
What does Es mejor que… mean?
It’s better that…
What does Es necesario que… mean?
It’s necessary that…
What does Es urgente que… mean?
It’s urgent that…
What does la escalera mean?
Stairs
What does el estante mean?
Bookcase; bookshelves
What does la estufa mean?
Stove
What does el garaje mean?
Garage
What does hacer la cama mean?
To make the bed
What does hacer quehaceres domésticos mean?
To do household chores
What does el horno (de microondas) mean?
(Microwave) oven
What does insistir (en) mean?
To insist (on)
What does el jardín mean?
Garden; yard
What does la lámpara mean?
Lamp
What does la lavadora mean?
Washing machine
What does el lavaplatos mean?
Dishwasher
What does lavar (el suelo, los platos) mean?
To wash (the floor, the dishes)
What does limpiar la casa mean?
To clean the house
What does la luz mean?
Light; electricity
What does mandar mean?
To order
What does la manta mean?
Blanket
What does la mesita mean?
End table
What does la mesita de noche mean?
Night stand
What is the formal command ending for -ar verbs in usted form?
Replace the -o in the yo form with -e. Example: hablar → hable.
What is the formal command ending for -ar verbs in ustedes form?
Replace the -o in the yo form with -en. Example: hablar → hablen.
What is the formal command ending for -er and -ir verbs in usted form?
Replace the -o in the yo form with -a. Example: comer → coma, vivir → viva.
What is the formal command ending for -er and -ir verbs in ustedes form?
Replace the -o in the yo form with -an. Example: comer → coman, vivir → vivan.
What are the steps to form a negative formal command for -ar verbs?
Add “no” before the affirmative command. Example: No hable. (Don’t talk.)
What are the steps to form a negative formal command for -er/-ir verbs?
Add “no” before the affirmative command. Example: No coma. (Don’t eat.)
What is the conjugation of the verb limpiar in usted and ustedes commands?
Usted: limpie
Ustedes: limpien
What is the conjugation of the verb escribir in usted and ustedes commands?
Usted: escriba
Ustedes: escriban
What is the conjugation of the verb beber in usted and ustedes commands?
Usted: beba
Ustedes: beban
Conjugate the irregular verb hacer in formal commands.
Usted: haga
Ustedes: hagan
Conjugate the irregular verb decir in formal commands.
Usted: diga
Ustedes: digan
Conjugate the stem-changing verb volver (o
) in formal commands.
Usted: vuelva
Ustedes: vuelvan
Conjugate the stem-changing verb pensar (e
) in formal commands.
Usted: piense
Ustedes: piensen
Conjugate the stem-changing verb pedir (e
) in formal commands.
Usted: pida
Ustedes: pidan
What is the rule for forming formal commands for reflexive verbs?
Attach the reflexive pronoun to the end of affirmative commands.
Example: Siéntese. (Sit down.)
What are the endings for -ar verbs in formal commands?
Usted: -e
Ustedes: -en
What are the endings for -er and -ir verbs in formal commands?
Usted: -a
Ustedes: -an
decir
salir
beber
venir
irse
poner
oír
traer
ver
conducir
decir → Diga
salir → Salga
beber → Beba
venir → Venga
irse → Váyase
poner → Ponga
oír → Oiga
traer → Traiga
ver → Vea
conducir → Conduzca
