Spanish Final Flashcards
a menudo
often
a tiempo
on time
a veces
sometimes
el accidente
accident
además (de)
furthermore; besides
el antibiótico
antibiotic
apenas
hardly; scarcely
así
like this; so
la aspirina
aspirin
bastante
enough; rather
la boca
mouth
el brazo
arm
la cabeza
head
caerse
to fall (down)
casi
almost
la clínica
clinic
con frecuencia
frequently
congestionado/a
congested
el consultorio
doctor’s office
el corazón
heart
el cuello
neck
el cuerpo
body
dañar
to damage; to break down
darse con
to bump into; to run into
de niño/a
as a child
de vez en cuando
from time to time
el dedo
finger
el dedo del pie
toe
el/la dentista
dentist
despacio
slowly
el/la doctor(a)
doctor
doler (o:ue)
to hurt
el dolor (de cabeza)
(head)ache; pain
embarazada
pregnant
enfermarse
to get sick
el/la enfermero/a
nurse
estar enfermo/a
to be sick
el estómago
stomach
estornudar
to sneeze
el examen médico
physical exam
la farmacia
pharmacy
la garganta
throat
grave
grave; serious
la gripe
flu
el hospital
hospital
el hueso
bone
la infección
infection
lastimarse (el pie)
to injure (one’s foot)
mareado/a
dizzy; nauseated
el medicamento
medication
la medicina
medicine
médico/a
medical
menos
less
mientras
while
muchas veces
a lot; many times
la nariz
nose
el oído
(sense of) hearing; inner ear
el ojo
eye
olvidar
to forget
la operación
operation
la oreja
(outer) ear
el/la paciente
patient
la pastilla
pill
el pie
foot
la pierna
leg
poco
little
poner una inyección
to give an injection
por lo menos
at least
prohibir
to prohibit
pronto
soon
la radiografía
X-ray
rápido
quickly
la receta
prescription
recetar
to prescribe
el resfriado
cold (illness)
la rodilla
knee
romper
to break
romperse (la pierna)
to break (one’s leg)
sacar(se) un diente
to have a tooth removed
la sala de emergencia(s)
emergency room
la salud
health
saludable
healthy
sano/a
healthy
ser alérgico/a (a)
to be allergic (to)
el síntoma
symptom
sufrir una enfermedad
to suffer an illness
tener dolor (m.)
to have pain
tener fiebre (f.)
to have a fever
el tobillo
ankle
todos los días
every day
tomar la temperatura
to take someone’s temperature
torcerse (o:ue) (el tobillo)
to sprain (one’s ankle)
la tos
cough
toser
to cough
abrazar(se)
to hug; to embrace (each other)
apagar
to turn off
la aplicación
app
el archivo
file
arrancar
to start
arreglar
to fix; to arrange
la arroba
@ symbol
la autopista
highway
ayudar(se)
to help (each other)
bajar(se) de
to get off of/out of (a vehicle)
la batería
battery
el baúl
trunk
besar(se)
to kiss (each other)
el blog
blog
borrar
to erase
el buscador
browser
la calle
street
la cámara digital
digital camera
el canal
(TV) channel
el capó
hood
el cargador
charger
cargar
to charge; to upload
la carretera
highway; (main) road
el carro
car
el (teléfono) celular
(cell) phone
chatear
to chat
la circulación
traffic
el coche
car
el cofre
hood
la computadora (portátil)
(portable) computer; (laptop)
conducir
to drive
conectarse a Internet
to get connected to the Internet
la conexión inalámbrica
wireless connection
la contraseña
password
el control remoto
remote control
el correo de voz
voice mail
descargar
to download
descompuesto/a
not working; out of order
la dirección electrónica
e-mail address
encontrar(se) (o:ue)
to meet (each other); to run into (each other)
escanear
to scan
estacionar
to park
funcionar
to work
el garaje
garage
la gasolina
gasoline
la gasolinera
gas station
grabar
to record
guardar
to save
la impresora
printer
imprimir
to print
Internet
Internet
lento/a
slow
la licencia de conducir
driver’s license
llamar
to call
la llanta
tire
llenar (el tanque)
to fill (the tank)
lleno/a
full
manejar
to drive
el/la mecánico/a
mechanic
el mensaje de texto
text message
el navegador GPS
GPS
la página principal
home page
la pantalla
screen
el parabrisas
windshield
parar
to stop
el perfil
profile
la policía
police (force)
poner
to turn on
por aquí
around here
por ejemplo
for example
por eso
that’s why; therefore
por fin
finally
prender
to turn on
el programa de computación
software
el radio
radio (set)
el ratón
mouse
la red
network; Web
revisar (el aceite)
to check (the oil)
saludar(se)
to greet (each other)
el sitio web
website
sonar (o:ue)
to ring
subir(se) a
to get on/into (a vehicle)
la tableta
tablet (computer)
el taller (mecánico)
(mechanic’s) repair shop
el teclado
keyboard
el televisor
television set
textear
to text
el tráfico
traffic
la velocidad máxima
speed limit
el volante
steering wheel
aconsejar
to advise
las afueras
suburbs; outskirts
la alfombra
carpet; rug
la almohada
pillow
alquilar
to rent
el alquiler
rent (payment)
el altillo
attic
el amo/a de casa
homemaker
el armario
closet
arreglar
to straighten up
el balcón
balcony
barrer el suelo
to sweep the floor
el barrio
neighborhood
la cafetera
coffee maker
el cartel
poster
la cocina
kitchen
la cocina
stove
cocinar
to cook
el comedor
dining room
la cómoda
chest of drawers
el congelador
freezer
la copa
wineglass
las cortinas
curtains
el cuadro
picture
la cuchara
(table or large) spoon
el cuchillo
knife
el dormitorio
bedroom
el edificio de apartamentos
apartment building
el electrodoméstico
electric appliance
ensuciar
to get (something) dirty
la entrada
entrance
Es bueno que…
It’s good that…
Es importante que…
It’s important that…
Es malo que…
It’s bad that…
Es mejor que…
It’s better that…
Es necesario que…
It’s necessary that…
Es urgente que…
It’s urgent that…
la escalera
stairs
el estante
bookcase; bookshelves
la estufa
stove
el garaje
garage
hacer la cama
to make the bed
hacer quehaceres domésticos
to do household chores
el horno (de microondas)
(microwave) oven
insistir (en)
to insist (on)
el jardín
garden; yard
la lámpara
lamp
la lavadora
washing machine
el lavaplatos
dishwasher
lavar (el suelo, los platos)
to wash (the floor, the dishes)
limpiar la casa
to clean the house
la luz
light; electricity
mandar
to order
la manta
blanket
la mesita
end table
la mesita de noche
night stand
mudarse
to move (from one house to another)
los muebles
furniture
la oficina
office
la pared
wall
pasar la aspiradora
to vacuum
el pasillo
hallway
el patio
patio; yard
la pintura
painting; picture
planchar la ropa
to iron the clothes
el plato
plate
poner la mesa
to set the table
quitar el polvo
to dust
quitar la mesa
to clear the table
recomendar (e:ie)
to recommend
el refrigerador
refrigerator
rogar (o:ue)
to beg
sacar la basura
to take out the trash
sacudir los muebles
to dust the furniture
la sala
living room
la secadora
clothes dryer
la servilleta
napkin
el sillón
armchair
el sofá
sofa
el sótano
basement
sugerir (e:ie)
to suggest
la taza
cup
el tenedor
fork
la tostadora
toaster
el vaso
glass
el/la vecino/a
neighbor
la vivienda
housing
What happens to -ar and -er stem-changing verbs in the preterite tense?
They have no stem change in the preterite tense.
Do -ir stem-changing verbs change in the preterite tense?
Yes, they undergo a stem change, but only in the third-person singular and plural forms.
What are the two types of stem changes for -ir verbs in the preterite tense?
(1) e → i (2) o → u
What is the third-person singular and plural stem change of the verb “pedir” (to ask for) in the preterite?
- Third-person singular: pidió
- Third-person plural: pidieron
What is the third-person singular and plural stem change of the verb “morir” (to die) in the preterite?
- Third-person singular: murió
- Third-person plural: murieron
Conjugate “servir” (to serve) in the preterite tense for yo, tú, Ud./él/ella, nosotros/as, vosotros/as, Uds./ellos/ellas.
- Yo: serví
- Tú: serviste
- Ud./él/ella: sirvió
- Nosotros/as: servimos
- Vosotros/as: servisteis
- Uds./ellos/ellas: sirvieron
Conjugate “dormir” (to sleep) in the preterite tense for yo, tú, Ud./él/ella, nosotros/as, vosotros/as, Uds./ellos/ellas.
- Yo: dormí
- Tú: dormiste
- Ud./él/ella: durmió
- Nosotros/as: dormimos
- Vosotros/as: dormisteis
- Uds./ellos/ellas: durmieron
Provide an example sentence using a stem-changing -ir verb in the preterite tense.
¿Quién pidió el jamón? (Who asked for the ham?)
What are the irregular stems for tener, venir, and decir in the preterite?
- Tener: tuv-
- Venir: vin-
- Decir: dij-
What are the conjugations of tener in the preterite tense?
- Yo: tuve
- Tú: tuviste
- Ud./él/ella: tuvo
- Nosotros/as: tuvimos
- Vosotros/as: tuvisteis
- Uds./ellos/ellas: tuvieron
What are the conjugations of venir in the preterite tense?
- Yo: vine
- Tú: viniste
- Ud./él/ella: vino
- Nosotros/as: vinimos
- Vosotros/as: vinisteis
- Uds./ellos/ellas: vinieron
What are the conjugations of decir in the preterite tense?
- Yo: dije
- Tú: dijiste
- Ud./él/ella: dijo
- Nosotros/as: dijimos
- Vosotros/as: dijisteis
- Uds./ellos/ellas: dijeron
What happens to j-stem verbs in the third-person plural?
The ending -ieron becomes -eron (e.g., dijeron, trajeron).
What are some common u-stem verbs in the preterite?
Poder (pud-), Poner (pus-), Saber (sup-), Estar (estuv-)
What are some common i-stem verbs in the preterite?
Querer (quis-), Hacer (hic-)
What are some common j-stem verbs in the preterite?
Traer (traj-), Conducir (conduj-), Traducir (traduj-)
What is the spelling change for hacer in the third-person singular?
Hizo (instead of hico).
How does the meaning of conocer change in the preterite?
Present: “to know, to be acquainted with”
Preterite: “to meet”
How does the meaning of saber change in the preterite?
Present: “to know information, to know how to do something”
Preterite: “to find out, to learn”
How does the meaning of poder change in the preterite?
Present: “to be able; can”
Preterite: “to manage, to succeed (could and did)”
How does the meaning of querer change in the preterite?
Present: “to want, to love”
Preterite: “to try”
Provide an example sentence with conocer in the preterite.
Conocí a esa pareja ayer. (I met that couple yesterday.)
Provide an example sentence with saber in the preterite.
Supimos la verdad anoche. (We found out the truth last night.)
Provide an example sentence with poder in the preterite.
Pudimos hacerlo ayer. (We managed to do it yesterday.)
Provide an example sentence with querer in the preterite.
Quise evitarlo, pero fue imposible. (I tried to avoid it, but it was impossible.)
What is the imperfect tense used for?
To describe actions seen as incomplete or ongoing, habitual actions, physical or emotional states, time, or age in the past.
How does the preterite differ from the imperfect tense?
The preterite describes completed actions, while the imperfect describes ongoing or habitual past actions.
What are common expressions associated with the imperfect tense?
De niño/a (as a child), todos los días (every day), mientras (while).
What are common expressions associated with the preterite tense?
Ayer (yesterday), una vez (once), el año pasado (last year), de repente (suddenly).
What are the conjugations of regular -ar verbs in the imperfect tense?
- Yo: cantaba
- Tú: cantabas
- Ud./él/ella: cantaba
- Nosotros/as: cantábamos
- Vosotros/as: cantabais
- Uds./ellos/ellas: cantaban
What are the conjugations of regular -er/-ir verbs in the imperfect tense?
- Yo: bebía/escribía
- Tú: bebías/escribías
- Ud./él/ella: bebía/escribía
- Nosotros/as: bebíamos/escribíamos
- Vosotros/as: bebíais/escribíais
- Uds./ellos/ellas: bebían/escribían
What verbs are irregular in the imperfect tense?
Ir, ser, ver
What are the conjugations of “ir” in the imperfect tense?
- Yo: iba
- Tú: ibas
- Ud./él/ella: iba
- Nosotros/as: íbamos
- Vosotros/as: ibais
- Uds./ellos/ellas: iban
What are the conjugations of “ser” in the imperfect tense?
- Yo: era
- Tú: eras
- Ud./él/ella: era
- Nosotros/as: éramos
- Vosotros/as: erais
- Uds./ellos/ellas: eran
What are the conjugations of “ver” in the imperfect tense?
- Yo: veía
- Tú: veías
- Ud./él/ella: veía
- Nosotros/as: veíamos
- Vosotros/as: veíais
- Uds./ellos/ellas: veían
Provide an example sentence of a habitual action in the imperfect tense.
Íbamos al parque los domingos. (We used to go to the park on Sundays.)
Provide an example sentence of a completed action in the preterite tense.
Sandra se rompió la pierna. (Sandra broke her leg.)
When do you use the preterite tense?
- To express completed actions
- To indicate the beginning or end of a past action
- To narrate a series of past events
When do you use the imperfect tense?
- To describe ongoing past actions without reference to their beginning or end
- To express habitual past actions
- To describe states or characteristics in the past
What is the imperfect form of “hay”?
Había (there was; there were).
What is an example of a series of actions using the preterite tense?
Me di con la mesa, me caí y me lastimé el pie. (I bumped into the table, I fell, and I injured my foot.)
What is an example of describing physical characteristics in the imperfect tense?
Era alto y guapo. (He was tall and handsome.)
What is an example of mental or emotional states in the imperfect tense?
Quería mucho a su familia. (He loved his family very much.)
What are affirmative tú commands based on?
The él/ella form of the present indicative.
Ar- a , en (Negative): es,en
Er/ir- e, an (negative): as, an
How do you form a negative tú command?
Drop the final -o of the present-tense yo form, and add -es for -ar verbs or -as for -er/-ir verbs.
Provide examples of affirmative tú commands: hablar, volver, pedir
Habla (tú), vuelve (tú), pide (tú)
What are some irregular affirmative tú commands?
Decir → di, hacer → haz, ir → ve, poner → pon, salir → sal, ser → sé, tener → ten, venir → ven
What are some irregular negative tú commands?
Decir → no di , estar → no estés, ir → no vayas, saber → no sepas, ser → no seas, have -> haz
Provide examples of negative tú commands: hablar, volver, pedir
No hables (tú), no vuelvas (tú), no pidas (tú)
How do stem-changing verbs behave in negative tú commands?
They retain their stem changes (e.g., No pierdas tu celular. No repitas las instrucciones.)
What spelling changes occur in verbs ending in -car, -gar, and -zar for negative tú commands?
-car → qu (no saques), -gar → gu (no apagues), -zar → c (no almuerces)
What are the key uses of por?
Movement (through, by), Time (duration), Action (reason/motive), Object of a search, Means by which something is done, Exchange, Unit of measure
Duration, reason, exchange, action, means
{Dream}
Provide examples of sentences with por.
- Por el parque (through the park)
- Por dos horas (for two hours)
- Por su familia (on behalf of her family)
What are the key uses of para?
Movement (toward a destination), Time (deadline), Action (purpose/goal), Purpose (used for), Recipient, Comparison/Opinion, Employment
Purpose, effect, recipient, future dates, employment, conclusion, towards
{perfect}
Provide examples of sentences with para.
- Para Córdoba (toward Córdoba)
- Para mañana (by tomorrow)
- Para su hijo (for her son)
What is the difference between Caminé por el parque and Caminé para el parque?
Por indicates movement through the park, while para indicates movement toward the park.
What idiomatic expressions use por?
Por aquí (around here), por ejemplo (for example), por eso (that’s why), por fin (finally).
What are the three commonly used relative pronouns in Spanish?
Que (that, which, who), quien(es) (who, whom), lo que (that which, what).
What does que refer to?
It can refer to things or people and is never omitted.
Provide an example of que.
¿Dónde está la cafetera que compré? (Where is the coffee maker that I bought?)
What does quien(es) refer to?
It refers only to people and is often used after prepositions or the personal a.
Provide an example of quien(es).
Eva, a quien conocí anoche, es mi nueva vecina. (Eva, whom I met last night, is my new neighbor.)
When is quien(es) used instead of que?
In clauses set off by commas (e.g., Lola, quien es cubana, es médica. – Lola, who is Cuban, is a doctor.)
What does lo que refer to?
It doesn’t refer to a specific noun but rather to an idea, situation, or past event, meaning “what” or “that which.”
Provide an example of lo que.
Lo que quiero es una casa. (What I want is a house.)
How are formal commands formed?
Drop the -o from the present tense yo form and add -e/-en for -ir/er verbs or -a/-an for -ar verbs
Provide an example of a formal command for limpiar.
- Ud.: limpie
- Uds.: limpien
What are the irregular formal commands?
Dar → dé, den
Estar → esté, estén
Ir → vaya, vayan
Saber → sepa, sepan
Ser → sea, sean
How do verbs ending in -car, -gar, and -zar change in formal commands?
-car → qu (e.g., saque, saquen)
-gar → gu (e.g., juegue, jueguen)
-zar → c (e.g., almuerce, almuercen)
How are negative formal commands formed?
Add no before the affirmative command (e.g., No ponga las maletas en la cama. – Don’t put the suitcases on the bed.)
What happens to pronouns in affirmative formal commands?
Pronouns are attached to the end of the verb, and an accent mark is added to maintain the original stress (e.g., Límpielo.)
What happens to pronouns in negative formal commands?
Pronouns are placed before the verb (e.g., No los ensucien. – Don’t dirty them.)
Provide an example of a command using usted for emphasis.
Muéstrele usted la foto a su amigo. (Show the photo to your friend.)
Provide an example of a command using ustedes for emphasis.
Tomen ustedes esta mesa. (Take this table.)
What are the stem changes of -ar verbs in the preterite tense
-é, -aste, -ó, -amos, -asteis, and -aron
