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Fall 2024 Grad > Spanish Final > Flashcards

Spanish Final Flashcards

1
Q

a menudo

A

often

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2
Q

a tiempo

A

on time

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3
Q

a veces

A

sometimes

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4
Q

el accidente

A

accident

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5
Q

además (de)

A

furthermore; besides

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6
Q

el antibiótico

A

antibiotic

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7
Q

apenas

A

hardly; scarcely

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8
Q

así

A

like this; so

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9
Q

la aspirina

A

aspirin

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10
Q

bastante

A

enough; rather

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11
Q

la boca

A

mouth

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12
Q

el brazo

A

arm

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13
Q

la cabeza

A

head

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14
Q

caerse

A

to fall (down)

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15
Q

casi

A

almost

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16
Q

la clínica

A

clinic

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17
Q

con frecuencia

A

frequently

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18
Q

congestionado/a

A

congested

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19
Q

el consultorio

A

doctor’s office

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20
Q

el corazón

A

heart

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21
Q

el cuello

A

neck

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22
Q

el cuerpo

A

body

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23
Q

dañar

A

to damage; to break down

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24
Q

darse con

A

to bump into; to run into

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25
Q

de niño/a

A

as a child

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26
Q

de vez en cuando

A

from time to time

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27
Q

el dedo

A

finger

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28
Q

el dedo del pie

A

toe

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29
Q

el/la dentista

A

dentist

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30
Q

despacio

A

slowly

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31
Q

el/la doctor(a)

A

doctor

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32
Q

doler (o:ue)

A

to hurt

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33
Q

el dolor (de cabeza)

A

(head)ache; pain

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34
Q

embarazada

A

pregnant

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35
Q

enfermarse

A

to get sick

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36
Q

el/la enfermero/a

A

nurse

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37
Q

estar enfermo/a

A

to be sick

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38
Q

el estómago

A

stomach

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39
Q

estornudar

A

to sneeze

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40
Q

el examen médico

A

physical exam

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41
Q

la farmacia

A

pharmacy

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42
Q

la garganta

A

throat

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43
Q

grave

A

grave; serious

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44
Q

la gripe

A

flu

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45
Q

el hospital

A

hospital

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46
Q

el hueso

A

bone

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47
Q

la infección

A

infection

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48
Q

lastimarse (el pie)

A

to injure (one’s foot)

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49
Q

mareado/a

A

dizzy; nauseated

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50
Q

el medicamento

A

medication

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51
Q

la medicina

A

medicine

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52
Q

médico/a

A

medical

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53
Q

menos

A

less

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54
Q

mientras

A

while

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55
Q

muchas veces

A

a lot; many times

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56
Q

la nariz

A

nose

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57
Q

el oído

A

(sense of) hearing; inner ear

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58
Q

el ojo

A

eye

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59
Q

olvidar

A

to forget

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60
Q

la operación

A

operation

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61
Q

la oreja

A

(outer) ear

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62
Q

el/la paciente

A

patient

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63
Q

la pastilla

A

pill

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64
Q

el pie

A

foot

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65
Q

la pierna

A

leg

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66
Q

poco

A

little

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67
Q

poner una inyección

A

to give an injection

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68
Q

por lo menos

A

at least

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69
Q

prohibir

A

to prohibit

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70
Q

pronto

A

soon

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71
Q

la radiografía

A

X-ray

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72
Q

rápido

A

quickly

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73
Q

la receta

A

prescription

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74
Q

recetar

A

to prescribe

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75
Q

el resfriado

A

cold (illness)

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76
Q

la rodilla

A

knee

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77
Q

romper

A

to break

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78
Q

romperse (la pierna)

A

to break (one’s leg)

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79
Q

sacar(se) un diente

A

to have a tooth removed

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80
Q

la sala de emergencia(s)

A

emergency room

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81
Q

la salud

A

health

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82
Q

saludable

A

healthy

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83
Q

sano/a

A

healthy

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84
Q

ser alérgico/a (a)

A

to be allergic (to)

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85
Q

el síntoma

A

symptom

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86
Q

sufrir una enfermedad

A

to suffer an illness

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87
Q

tener dolor (m.)

A

to have pain

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88
Q

tener fiebre (f.)

A

to have a fever

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89
Q

el tobillo

A

ankle

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90
Q

todos los días

A

every day

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91
Q

tomar la temperatura

A

to take someone’s temperature

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92
Q

torcerse (o:ue) (el tobillo)

A

to sprain (one’s ankle)

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93
Q

la tos

A

cough

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94
Q

toser

A

to cough

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95
Q

abrazar(se)

A

to hug; to embrace (each other)

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96
Q

apagar

A

to turn off

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97
Q

la aplicación

A

app

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98
Q

el archivo

A

file

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99
Q

arrancar

A

to start

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100
Q

arreglar

A

to fix; to arrange

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101
Q

la arroba

A

@ symbol

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102
Q

la autopista

A

highway

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103
Q

ayudar(se)

A

to help (each other)

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104
Q

bajar(se) de

A

to get off of/out of (a vehicle)

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105
Q

la batería

A

battery

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106
Q

el baúl

A

trunk

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107
Q

besar(se)

A

to kiss (each other)

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108
Q

el blog

A

blog

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109
Q

borrar

A

to erase

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110
Q

el buscador

A

browser

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111
Q

la calle

A

street

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112
Q

la cámara digital

A

digital camera

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113
Q

el canal

A

(TV) channel

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114
Q

el capó

A

hood

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115
Q

el cargador

A

charger

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116
Q

cargar

A

to charge; to upload

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117
Q

la carretera

A

highway; (main) road

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118
Q

el carro

A

car

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119
Q

el (teléfono) celular

A

(cell) phone

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120
Q

chatear

A

to chat

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121
Q

la circulación

A

traffic

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122
Q

el coche

A

car

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123
Q

el cofre

A

hood

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124
Q

la computadora (portátil)

A

(portable) computer; (laptop)

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125
Q

conducir

A

to drive

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126
Q

conectarse a Internet

A

to get connected to the Internet

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127
Q

la conexión inalámbrica

A

wireless connection

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128
Q

la contraseña

A

password

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129
Q

el control remoto

A

remote control

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130
Q

el correo de voz

A

voice mail

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131
Q

descargar

A

to download

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132
Q

descompuesto/a

A

not working; out of order

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133
Q

la dirección electrónica

A

e-mail address

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134
Q

encontrar(se) (o:ue)

A

to meet (each other); to run into (each other)

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135
Q

escanear

A

to scan

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136
Q

estacionar

A

to park

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137
Q

funcionar

A

to work

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138
Q

el garaje

A

garage

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139
Q

la gasolina

A

gasoline

140
Q

la gasolinera

A

gas station

141
Q

grabar

A

to record

142
Q

guardar

A

to save

143
Q

la impresora

A

printer

144
Q

imprimir

A

to print

145
Q

Internet

A

Internet

146
Q

lento/a

A

slow

147
Q

la licencia de conducir

A

driver’s license

148
Q

llamar

A

to call

149
Q

la llanta

A

tire

150
Q

llenar (el tanque)

A

to fill (the tank)

151
Q

lleno/a

A

full

152
Q

manejar

A

to drive

153
Q

el/la mecánico/a

A

mechanic

154
Q

el mensaje de texto

A

text message

155
Q

el navegador GPS

A

GPS

156
Q

la página principal

A

home page

157
Q

la pantalla

A

screen

158
Q

el parabrisas

A

windshield

159
Q

parar

A

to stop

160
Q

el perfil

A

profile

161
Q

la policía

A

police (force)

162
Q

poner

A

to turn on

163
Q

por aquí

A

around here

164
Q

por ejemplo

A

for example

165
Q

por eso

A

that’s why; therefore

166
Q

por fin

A

finally

167
Q

prender

A

to turn on

168
Q

el programa de computación

A

software

169
Q

el radio

A

radio (set)

170
Q

el ratón

A

mouse

171
Q

la red

A

network; Web

172
Q

revisar (el aceite)

A

to check (the oil)

173
Q

saludar(se)

A

to greet (each other)

174
Q

el sitio web

A

website

175
Q

sonar (o:ue)

A

to ring

176
Q

subir(se) a

A

to get on/into (a vehicle)

177
Q

la tableta

A

tablet (computer)

178
Q

el taller (mecánico)

A

(mechanic’s) repair shop

179
Q

el teclado

A

keyboard

180
Q

el televisor

A

television set

181
Q

textear

A

to text

182
Q

el tráfico

A

traffic

183
Q

la velocidad máxima

A

speed limit

184
Q

el volante

A

steering wheel

185
Q

aconsejar

A

to advise

186
Q

las afueras

A

suburbs; outskirts

187
Q

la alfombra

A

carpet; rug

188
Q

la almohada

A

pillow

189
Q

alquilar

A

to rent

190
Q

el alquiler

A

rent (payment)

191
Q

el altillo

A

attic

192
Q

el amo/a de casa

A

homemaker

193
Q

el armario

A

closet

194
Q

arreglar

A

to straighten up

195
Q

el balcón

A

balcony

196
Q

barrer el suelo

A

to sweep the floor

197
Q

el barrio

A

neighborhood

198
Q

la cafetera

A

coffee maker

199
Q

el cartel

A

poster

200
Q

la cocina

A

kitchen

201
Q

la cocina

A

stove

202
Q

cocinar

A

to cook

203
Q

el comedor

A

dining room

204
Q

la cómoda

A

chest of drawers

205
Q

el congelador

A

freezer

206
Q

la copa

A

wineglass

207
Q

las cortinas

A

curtains

208
Q

el cuadro

A

picture

209
Q

la cuchara

A

(table or large) spoon

210
Q

el cuchillo

A

knife

211
Q

el dormitorio

A

bedroom

212
Q

el edificio de apartamentos

A

apartment building

213
Q

el electrodoméstico

A

electric appliance

214
Q

ensuciar

A

to get (something) dirty

215
Q

la entrada

A

entrance

216
Q

Es bueno que…

A

It’s good that…

217
Q

Es importante que…

A

It’s important that…

218
Q

Es malo que…

A

It’s bad that…

219
Q

Es mejor que…

A

It’s better that…

220
Q

Es necesario que…

A

It’s necessary that…

221
Q

Es urgente que…

A

It’s urgent that…

222
Q

la escalera

A

stairs

223
Q

el estante

A

bookcase; bookshelves

224
Q

la estufa

A

stove

225
Q

el garaje

A

garage

226
Q

hacer la cama

A

to make the bed

227
Q

hacer quehaceres domésticos

A

to do household chores

228
Q

el horno (de microondas)

A

(microwave) oven

229
Q

insistir (en)

A

to insist (on)

230
Q

el jardín

A

garden; yard

231
Q

la lámpara

A

lamp

232
Q

la lavadora

A

washing machine

233
Q

el lavaplatos

A

dishwasher

234
Q

lavar (el suelo, los platos)

A

to wash (the floor, the dishes)

235
Q

limpiar la casa

A

to clean the house

236
Q

la luz

A

light; electricity

237
Q

mandar

A

to order

238
Q

la manta

A

blanket

239
Q

la mesita

A

end table

240
Q

la mesita de noche

A

night stand

241
Q

mudarse

A

to move (from one house to another)

242
Q

los muebles

A

furniture

243
Q

la oficina

A

office

244
Q

la pared

A

wall

245
Q

pasar la aspiradora

A

to vacuum

246
Q

el pasillo

A

hallway

247
Q

el patio

A

patio; yard

248
Q

la pintura

A

painting; picture

249
Q

planchar la ropa

A

to iron the clothes

250
Q

el plato

A

plate

251
Q

poner la mesa

A

to set the table

252
Q

quitar el polvo

A

to dust

253
Q

quitar la mesa

A

to clear the table

254
Q

recomendar (e:ie)

A

to recommend

255
Q

el refrigerador

A

refrigerator

256
Q

rogar (o:ue)

A

to beg

257
Q

sacar la basura

A

to take out the trash

258
Q

sacudir los muebles

A

to dust the furniture

259
Q

la sala

A

living room

260
Q

la secadora

A

clothes dryer

261
Q

la servilleta

A

napkin

262
Q

el sillón

A

armchair

263
Q

el sofá

A

sofa

264
Q

el sótano

A

basement

265
Q

sugerir (e:ie)

A

to suggest

266
Q

la taza

A

cup

267
Q

el tenedor

A

fork

268
Q

la tostadora

A

toaster

269
Q

el vaso

A

glass

270
Q

el/la vecino/a

A

neighbor

271
Q

la vivienda

A

housing

272
Q

What happens to -ar and -er stem-changing verbs in the preterite tense?

A

They have no stem change in the preterite tense.

273
Q

Do -ir stem-changing verbs change in the preterite tense?

A

Yes, they undergo a stem change, but only in the third-person singular and plural forms.

274
Q

What are the two types of stem changes for -ir verbs in the preterite tense?

A

(1) e → i (2) o → u

275
Q

What is the third-person singular and plural stem change of the verb “pedir” (to ask for) in the preterite?

A
  • Third-person singular: pidió
  • Third-person plural: pidieron
276
Q

What is the third-person singular and plural stem change of the verb “morir” (to die) in the preterite?

A
  • Third-person singular: murió
  • Third-person plural: murieron
277
Q

Conjugate “servir” (to serve) in the preterite tense for yo, tú, Ud./él/ella, nosotros/as, vosotros/as, Uds./ellos/ellas.

A
  • Yo: serví
  • Tú: serviste
  • Ud./él/ella: sirvió
  • Nosotros/as: servimos
  • Vosotros/as: servisteis
  • Uds./ellos/ellas: sirvieron
278
Q

Conjugate “dormir” (to sleep) in the preterite tense for yo, tú, Ud./él/ella, nosotros/as, vosotros/as, Uds./ellos/ellas.

A
  • Yo: dormí
  • Tú: dormiste
  • Ud./él/ella: durmió
  • Nosotros/as: dormimos
  • Vosotros/as: dormisteis
  • Uds./ellos/ellas: durmieron
279
Q

Provide an example sentence using a stem-changing -ir verb in the preterite tense.

A

¿Quién pidió el jamón? (Who asked for the ham?)

280
Q

What are the irregular stems for tener, venir, and decir in the preterite?

A
  • Tener: tuv-
  • Venir: vin-
  • Decir: dij-
281
Q

What are the conjugations of tener in the preterite tense?

A
  • Yo: tuve
  • Tú: tuviste
  • Ud./él/ella: tuvo
  • Nosotros/as: tuvimos
  • Vosotros/as: tuvisteis
  • Uds./ellos/ellas: tuvieron
282
Q

What are the conjugations of venir in the preterite tense?

A
  • Yo: vine
  • Tú: viniste
  • Ud./él/ella: vino
  • Nosotros/as: vinimos
  • Vosotros/as: vinisteis
  • Uds./ellos/ellas: vinieron
283
Q

What are the conjugations of decir in the preterite tense?

A
  • Yo: dije
  • Tú: dijiste
  • Ud./él/ella: dijo
  • Nosotros/as: dijimos
  • Vosotros/as: dijisteis
  • Uds./ellos/ellas: dijeron
284
Q

What happens to j-stem verbs in the third-person plural?

A

The ending -ieron becomes -eron (e.g., dijeron, trajeron).

285
Q

What are some common u-stem verbs in the preterite?

A

Poder (pud-), Poner (pus-), Saber (sup-), Estar (estuv-)

286
Q

What are some common i-stem verbs in the preterite?

A

Querer (quis-), Hacer (hic-)

287
Q

What are some common j-stem verbs in the preterite?

A

Traer (traj-), Conducir (conduj-), Traducir (traduj-)

288
Q

What is the spelling change for hacer in the third-person singular?

A

Hizo (instead of hico).

289
Q

How does the meaning of conocer change in the preterite?

A

Present: “to know, to be acquainted with”
Preterite: “to meet”

290
Q

How does the meaning of saber change in the preterite?

A

Present: “to know information, to know how to do something”
Preterite: “to find out, to learn”

291
Q

How does the meaning of poder change in the preterite?

A

Present: “to be able; can”
Preterite: “to manage, to succeed (could and did)”

292
Q

How does the meaning of querer change in the preterite?

A

Present: “to want, to love”
Preterite: “to try”

293
Q

Provide an example sentence with conocer in the preterite.

A

Conocí a esa pareja ayer. (I met that couple yesterday.)

294
Q

Provide an example sentence with saber in the preterite.

A

Supimos la verdad anoche. (We found out the truth last night.)

295
Q

Provide an example sentence with poder in the preterite.

A

Pudimos hacerlo ayer. (We managed to do it yesterday.)

296
Q

Provide an example sentence with querer in the preterite.

A

Quise evitarlo, pero fue imposible. (I tried to avoid it, but it was impossible.)

297
Q

What is the imperfect tense used for?

A

To describe actions seen as incomplete or ongoing, habitual actions, physical or emotional states, time, or age in the past.

298
Q

How does the preterite differ from the imperfect tense?

A

The preterite describes completed actions, while the imperfect describes ongoing or habitual past actions.

299
Q

What are common expressions associated with the imperfect tense?

A

De niño/a (as a child), todos los días (every day), mientras (while).

300
Q

What are common expressions associated with the preterite tense?

A

Ayer (yesterday), una vez (once), el año pasado (last year), de repente (suddenly).

301
Q

What are the conjugations of regular -ar verbs in the imperfect tense?

A
  • Yo: cantaba
  • Tú: cantabas
  • Ud./él/ella: cantaba
  • Nosotros/as: cantábamos
  • Vosotros/as: cantabais
  • Uds./ellos/ellas: cantaban
302
Q

What are the conjugations of regular -er/-ir verbs in the imperfect tense?

A
  • Yo: bebía/escribía
  • Tú: bebías/escribías
  • Ud./él/ella: bebía/escribía
  • Nosotros/as: bebíamos/escribíamos
  • Vosotros/as: bebíais/escribíais
  • Uds./ellos/ellas: bebían/escribían
303
Q

What verbs are irregular in the imperfect tense?

A

Ir, ser, ver

304
Q

What are the conjugations of “ir” in the imperfect tense?

A
  • Yo: iba
  • Tú: ibas
  • Ud./él/ella: iba
  • Nosotros/as: íbamos
  • Vosotros/as: ibais
  • Uds./ellos/ellas: iban
305
Q

What are the conjugations of “ser” in the imperfect tense?

A
  • Yo: era
  • Tú: eras
  • Ud./él/ella: era
  • Nosotros/as: éramos
  • Vosotros/as: erais
  • Uds./ellos/ellas: eran
306
Q

What are the conjugations of “ver” in the imperfect tense?

A
  • Yo: veía
  • Tú: veías
  • Ud./él/ella: veía
  • Nosotros/as: veíamos
  • Vosotros/as: veíais
  • Uds./ellos/ellas: veían
307
Q

Provide an example sentence of a habitual action in the imperfect tense.

A

Íbamos al parque los domingos. (We used to go to the park on Sundays.)

308
Q

Provide an example sentence of a completed action in the preterite tense.

A

Sandra se rompió la pierna. (Sandra broke her leg.)

309
Q

When do you use the preterite tense?

A
  1. To express completed actions
  2. To indicate the beginning or end of a past action
  3. To narrate a series of past events
310
Q

When do you use the imperfect tense?

A
  1. To describe ongoing past actions without reference to their beginning or end
  2. To express habitual past actions
  3. To describe states or characteristics in the past
311
Q

What is the imperfect form of “hay”?

A

Había (there was; there were).

312
Q

What is an example of a series of actions using the preterite tense?

A

Me di con la mesa, me caí y me lastimé el pie. (I bumped into the table, I fell, and I injured my foot.)

313
Q

What is an example of describing physical characteristics in the imperfect tense?

A

Era alto y guapo. (He was tall and handsome.)

314
Q

What is an example of mental or emotional states in the imperfect tense?

A

Quería mucho a su familia. (He loved his family very much.)

315
Q

What are affirmative tú commands based on?

A

The él/ella form of the present indicative.

Ar- a , en (Negative): es,en
Er/ir- e, an (negative): as, an

316
Q

How do you form a negative tú command?

A

Drop the final -o of the present-tense yo form, and add -es for -ar verbs or -as for -er/-ir verbs.

317
Q

Provide examples of affirmative tú commands: hablar, volver, pedir

A

Habla (tú), vuelve (tú), pide (tú)

318
Q

What are some irregular affirmative tú commands?

A

Decir → di, hacer → haz, ir → ve, poner → pon, salir → sal, ser → sé, tener → ten, venir → ven

319
Q

What are some irregular negative tú commands?

A

Decir → no di , estar → no estés, ir → no vayas, saber → no sepas, ser → no seas, have -> haz

320
Q

Provide examples of negative tú commands: hablar, volver, pedir

A

No hables (tú), no vuelvas (tú), no pidas (tú)

321
Q

How do stem-changing verbs behave in negative tú commands?

A

They retain their stem changes (e.g., No pierdas tu celular. No repitas las instrucciones.)

322
Q

What spelling changes occur in verbs ending in -car, -gar, and -zar for negative tú commands?

A

-car → qu (no saques), -gar → gu (no apagues), -zar → c (no almuerces)

323
Q

What are the key uses of por?

A

Movement (through, by), Time (duration), Action (reason/motive), Object of a search, Means by which something is done, Exchange, Unit of measure

Duration, reason, exchange, action, means

{Dream}

324
Q

Provide examples of sentences with por.

A
  • Por el parque (through the park)
  • Por dos horas (for two hours)
  • Por su familia (on behalf of her family)
325
Q

What are the key uses of para?

A

Movement (toward a destination), Time (deadline), Action (purpose/goal), Purpose (used for), Recipient, Comparison/Opinion, Employment

Purpose, effect, recipient, future dates, employment, conclusion, towards

{perfect}

326
Q

Provide examples of sentences with para.

A
  • Para Córdoba (toward Córdoba)
  • Para mañana (by tomorrow)
  • Para su hijo (for her son)
327
Q

What is the difference between Caminé por el parque and Caminé para el parque?

A

Por indicates movement through the park, while para indicates movement toward the park.

328
Q

What idiomatic expressions use por?

A

Por aquí (around here), por ejemplo (for example), por eso (that’s why), por fin (finally).

329
Q

What are the three commonly used relative pronouns in Spanish?

A

Que (that, which, who), quien(es) (who, whom), lo que (that which, what).

330
Q

What does que refer to?

A

It can refer to things or people and is never omitted.

331
Q

Provide an example of que.

A

¿Dónde está la cafetera que compré? (Where is the coffee maker that I bought?)

332
Q

What does quien(es) refer to?

A

It refers only to people and is often used after prepositions or the personal a.

333
Q

Provide an example of quien(es).

A

Eva, a quien conocí anoche, es mi nueva vecina. (Eva, whom I met last night, is my new neighbor.)

334
Q

When is quien(es) used instead of que?

A

In clauses set off by commas (e.g., Lola, quien es cubana, es médica. – Lola, who is Cuban, is a doctor.)

335
Q

What does lo que refer to?

A

It doesn’t refer to a specific noun but rather to an idea, situation, or past event, meaning “what” or “that which.”

336
Q

Provide an example of lo que.

A

Lo que quiero es una casa. (What I want is a house.)

337
Q

How are formal commands formed?

A

Drop the -o from the present tense yo form and add -e/-en for -ir/er verbs or -a/-an for -ar verbs

338
Q

Provide an example of a formal command for limpiar.

A
  • Ud.: limpie
  • Uds.: limpien
339
Q

What are the irregular formal commands?

A

Dar → dé, den
Estar → esté, estén
Ir → vaya, vayan
Saber → sepa, sepan
Ser → sea, sean

340
Q

How do verbs ending in -car, -gar, and -zar change in formal commands?

A

-car → qu (e.g., saque, saquen)
-gar → gu (e.g., juegue, jueguen)
-zar → c (e.g., almuerce, almuercen)

341
Q

How are negative formal commands formed?

A

Add no before the affirmative command (e.g., No ponga las maletas en la cama. – Don’t put the suitcases on the bed.)

342
Q

What happens to pronouns in affirmative formal commands?

A

Pronouns are attached to the end of the verb, and an accent mark is added to maintain the original stress (e.g., Límpielo.)

343
Q

What happens to pronouns in negative formal commands?

A

Pronouns are placed before the verb (e.g., No los ensucien. – Don’t dirty them.)

344
Q

Provide an example of a command using usted for emphasis.

A

Muéstrele usted la foto a su amigo. (Show the photo to your friend.)

345
Q

Provide an example of a command using ustedes for emphasis.

A

Tomen ustedes esta mesa. (Take this table.)

346
Q

What are the stem changes of -ar verbs in the preterite tense

A

-é, -aste, -ó, -amos, -asteis, and -aron

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