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Fall 2024 Grad > Spanish Test 2 > Flashcards

Spanish Test 2 Flashcards

Extensive Coverage Spanish Content to 11.2

1
Q

a menudo

A

often

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2
Q

a tiempo

A

on time

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3
Q

a veces

A

sometimes

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4
Q

el accidente

A

accident

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5
Q

además (de)

A

furthermore; besides

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6
Q

el antibiótico

A

antibiotic

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7
Q

apenas

A

hardly; scarcely

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8
Q

así

A

like this; so

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9
Q

la aspirina

A

aspirin

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10
Q

bastante

A

enough; rather

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11
Q

la boca

A

mouth

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12
Q

el brazo

A

arm

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13
Q

la cabeza

A

head

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14
Q

caerse

A

to fall (down)

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15
Q

casi

A

almost

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16
Q

la clínica

A

clinic

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17
Q

con frecuencia

A

frequently

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18
Q

congestionado/a

A

congested

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19
Q

el consultorio

A

doctor’s office

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20
Q

el corazón

A

heart

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21
Q

el cuello

A

neck

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22
Q

el cuerpo

A

body

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23
Q

dañar

A

to damage; to break down

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24
Q

darse con

A

to bump into; to run into

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25
Q

de niño/a

A

as a child

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26
Q

de vez en cuando

A

from time to time

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27
Q

el dedo

A

finger

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28
Q

el dedo del pie

A

toe

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29
Q

el/la dentista

A

dentist

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30
Q

despacio

A

slowly

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31
Q

el/la doctor(a)

A

doctor

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32
Q

doler (o:ue)

A

to hurt

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33
Q

el dolor (de cabeza)

A

(head)ache; pain

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34
Q

embarazada

A

pregnant

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35
Q

enfermarse

A

to get sick

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36
Q

el/la enfermero/a

A

nurse

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37
Q

estar enfermo/a

A

to be sick

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38
Q

el estómago

A

stomach

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39
Q

estornudar

A

to sneeze

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40
Q

el examen médico

A

physical exam

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41
Q

la farmacia

A

pharmacy

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42
Q

la garganta

A

throat

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43
Q

grave

A

grave; serious

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44
Q

la gripe

A

flu

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45
Q

el hospital

A

hospital

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46
Q

el hueso

A

bone

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47
Q

la infección

A

infection

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48
Q

lastimarse (el pie)

A

to injure (one’s foot)

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49
Q

mareado/a

A

dizzy; nauseated

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50
Q

el medicamento

A

medication

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51
Q

la medicina

A

medicine

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52
Q

médico/a

A

medical

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53
Q

menos

A

less

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54
Q

mientras

A

while

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55
Q

muchas veces

A

a lot; many times

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56
Q

la nariz

A

nose

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57
Q

el oído

A

(sense of) hearing; inner ear

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58
Q

el ojo

A

eye

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59
Q

olvidar

A

to forget

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60
Q

la operación

A

operation

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61
Q

la oreja

A

(outer) ear

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62
Q

el/la paciente

A

patient

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63
Q

la pastilla

A

pill

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64
Q

el pie

A

foot

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65
Q

la pierna

A

leg

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66
Q

poco

A

little

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67
Q

poner una inyección

A

to give an injection

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68
Q

por lo menos

A

at least

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69
Q

prohibir

A

to prohibit

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70
Q

pronto

A

soon

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71
Q

la radiografía

A

X-ray

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72
Q

rápido

A

quickly

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73
Q

la receta

A

prescription

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74
Q

recetar

A

to prescribe

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75
Q

el resfriado

A

cold (illness)

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76
Q

la rodilla

A

knee

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77
Q

romper

A

to break

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78
Q

romperse (la pierna)

A

to break (one’s leg)

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79
Q

sacar(se) un diente

A

to have a tooth removed

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80
Q

la sala de emergencia(s)

A

emergency room

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81
Q

la salud

A

health

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82
Q

saludable

A

healthy

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83
Q

sano/a

A

healthy

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84
Q

ser alérgico/a (a)

A

to be allergic (to)

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85
Q

el síntoma

A

symptom

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86
Q

sufrir una enfermedad

A

to suffer an illness

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87
Q

tener dolor (m.)

A

to have pain

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88
Q

tener fiebre (f.)

A

to have a fever

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89
Q

el tobillo

A

ankle

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90
Q

todos los días

A

every day

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91
Q

tomar la temperatura

A

to take someone’s temperature

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92
Q

torcerse (o:ue) (el tobillo)

A

to sprain (one’s ankle)

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93
Q

la tos

A

cough

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94
Q

toser

A

to cough

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95
Q

abrazar(se)

A

to hug; to embrace (each other)

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96
Q

apagar

A

to turn off

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97
Q

la aplicación

A

app

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98
Q

el archivo

A

file

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99
Q

arrancar

A

to start

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100
Q

arreglar

A

to fix; to arrange

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101
Q

la arroba

A

@ symbol

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102
Q

la autopista

A

highway

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103
Q

ayudar(se)

A

to help (each other)

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104
Q

bajar(se) de

A

to get off of/out of (a vehicle)

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105
Q

la batería

A

battery

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106
Q

el baúl

A

trunk

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107
Q

besar(se)

A

to kiss (each other)

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108
Q

el blog

A

blog

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109
Q

borrar

A

to erase

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110
Q

el buscador

A

browser

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111
Q

la calle

A

street

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112
Q

la cámara digital

A

digital camera

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113
Q

el canal

A

(TV) channel

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114
Q

el capó

A

hood

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115
Q

el cargador

A

charger

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116
Q

cargar

A

to charge; to upload

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117
Q

la carretera

A

highway; (main) road

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118
Q

el carro

A

car

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119
Q

el (teléfono) celular

A

(cell) phone

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120
Q

chatear

A

to chat

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121
Q

la circulación

A

traffic

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122
Q

el coche

A

car

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123
Q

el cofre

A

hood

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124
Q

la computadora (portátil)

A

(portable) computer; (laptop)

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125
Q

conducir

A

to drive

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126
Q

conectarse a Internet

A

to get connected to the Internet

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127
Q

la conexión inalámbrica

A

wireless connection

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128
Q

la contraseña

A

password

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129
Q

el control remoto

A

remote control

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130
Q

el correo de voz

A

voice mail

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131
Q

descargar

A

to download

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132
Q

descompuesto/a

A

not working; out of order

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133
Q

la dirección electrónica

A

e-mail address

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134
Q

encontrar(se) (o:ue)

A

to meet (each other); to run into (each other)

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135
Q

escanear

A

to scan

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136
Q

estacionar

A

to park

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137
Q

funcionar

A

to work

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138
Q

el garaje

A

garage

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139
Q

la gasolina

A

gasoline

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140
Q

la gasolinera

A

gas station

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141
Q

grabar

A

to record

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142
Q

guardar

A

to save

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143
Q

la impresora

A

printer

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144
Q

imprimir

A

to print

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145
Q

Internet

A

Internet

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146
Q

lento/a

A

slow

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147
Q

la licencia de conducir

A

driver’s license

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148
Q

llamar

A

to call

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149
Q

la llanta

A

tire

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150
Q

llenar (el tanque)

A

to fill (the tank)

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151
Q

lleno/a

A

full

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152
Q

manejar

A

to drive

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153
Q

el/la mecánico/a

A

mechanic

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154
Q

el mensaje de texto

A

text message

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155
Q

el navegador GPS

A

GPS

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156
Q

la página principal

A

home page

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157
Q

la pantalla

A

screen

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158
Q

el parabrisas

A

windshield

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159
Q

parar

A

to stop

160
Q

el perfil

A

profile

161
Q

la policía

A

police (force)

162
Q

poner

A

to turn on

163
Q

por aquí

A

around here

164
Q

por ejemplo

A

for example

165
Q

por eso

A

that’s why; therefore

166
Q

por fin

A

finally

167
Q

prender

A

to turn on

168
Q

el programa de computación

A

software

169
Q

el radio

A

radio (set)

170
Q

el ratón

A

mouse

171
Q

la red

A

network; Web

172
Q

revisar (el aceite)

A

to check (the oil)

173
Q

saludar(se)

A

to greet (each other)

174
Q

el sitio web

A

website

175
Q

sonar (o:ue)

A

to ring

176
Q

subir(se) a

A

to get on/into (a vehicle)

177
Q

la tableta

A

tablet (computer)

178
Q

el taller (mecánico)

A

(mechanic’s) repair shop

179
Q

el teclado

A

keyboard

180
Q

el televisor

A

television set

181
Q

textear

A

to text

182
Q

el tráfico

A

traffic

183
Q

la velocidad máxima

A

speed limit

184
Q

el volante

A

steering wheel

185
Q

aconsejar

A

to advise

186
Q

las afueras

A

suburbs; outskirts

187
Q

la alfombra

A

carpet; rug

188
Q

la almohada

A

pillow

189
Q

alquilar

A

to rent

190
Q

el alquiler

A

rent (payment)

191
Q

el altillo

A

attic

192
Q

el amo/a de casa

A

homemaker

193
Q

el armario

A

closet

194
Q

arreglar

A

to straighten up

195
Q

el balcón

A

balcony

196
Q

barrer el suelo

A

to sweep the floor

197
Q

el barrio

A

neighborhood

198
Q

la cafetera

A

coffee maker

199
Q

el cartel

A

poster

200
Q

la cocina

A

kitchen

201
Q

la cocina

A

stove

202
Q

cocinar

A

to cook

203
Q

el comedor

A

dining room

204
Q

la cómoda

A

chest of drawers

205
Q

el congelador

A

freezer

206
Q

la copa

A

wineglass

207
Q

las cortinas

A

curtains

208
Q

el cuadro

A

picture

209
Q

la cuchara

A

(table or large) spoon

210
Q

el cuchillo

A

knife

211
Q

el dormitorio

A

bedroom

212
Q

el edificio de apartamentos

A

apartment building

213
Q

el electrodoméstico

A

electric appliance

214
Q

ensuciar

A

to get (something) dirty

215
Q

la entrada

A

entrance

216
Q

Es bueno que…

A

It’s good that…

217
Q

Es importante que…

A

It’s important that…

218
Q

Es malo que…

A

It’s bad that…

219
Q

Es mejor que…

A

It’s better that…

220
Q

Es necesario que…

A

It’s necessary that…

221
Q

Es urgente que…

A

It’s urgent that…

222
Q

la escalera

A

stairs

223
Q

el estante

A

bookcase; bookshelves

224
Q

la estufa

A

stove

225
Q

el garaje

A

garage

226
Q

hacer la cama

A

to make the bed

227
Q

hacer quehaceres domésticos

A

to do household chores

228
Q

el horno (de microondas)

A

(microwave) oven

229
Q

insistir (en)

A

to insist (on)

230
Q

el jardín

A

garden; yard

231
Q

la lámpara

A

lamp

232
Q

la lavadora

A

washing machine

233
Q

el lavaplatos

A

dishwasher

234
Q

lavar (el suelo, los platos)

A

to wash (the floor, the dishes)

235
Q

limpiar la casa

A

to clean the house

236
Q

la luz

A

light; electricity

237
Q

mandar

A

to order

238
Q

la manta

A

blanket

239
Q

la mesita

A

end table

240
Q

la mesita de noche

A

night stand

241
Q

mudarse

A

to move (from one house to another)

242
Q

los muebles

A

furniture

243
Q

la oficina

A

office

244
Q

la pared

A

wall

245
Q

pasar la aspiradora

A

to vacuum

246
Q

el pasillo

A

hallway

247
Q

el patio

A

patio; yard

248
Q

la pintura

A

painting; picture

249
Q

planchar la ropa

A

to iron the clothes

250
Q

el plato

A

plate

251
Q

poner la mesa

A

to set the table

252
Q

quitar el polvo

A

to dust

253
Q

quitar la mesa

A

to clear the table

254
Q

recomendar (e:ie)

A

to recommend

255
Q

el refrigerador

A

refrigerator

256
Q

rogar (o:ue)

A

to beg

257
Q

sacar la basura

A

to take out the trash

258
Q

sacudir los muebles

A

to dust the furniture

259
Q

la sala

A

living room

260
Q

la secadora

A

clothes dryer

261
Q

la servilleta

A

napkin

262
Q

el sillón

A

armchair

263
Q

el sofá

A

sofa

264
Q

el sótano

A

basement

265
Q

sugerir (e:ie)

A

to suggest

266
Q

la taza

A

cup

267
Q

el tenedor

A

fork

268
Q

la tostadora

A

toaster

269
Q

el vaso

A

glass

270
Q

el/la vecino/a

A

neighbor

271
Q

la vivienda

A

housing

272
Q

What are the key uses of “ser” for nationality and place of origin? Provide an example.

A

“Ser” is used to express nationality and place of origin. Example: Juan Carlos es argentino.

273
Q

How is “ser” used to describe profession or occupation? Give an example.

A

“Ser” describes professions or occupations. Example: Adela es inspectora de aduanas.

274
Q

How is “ser” used to describe characteristics of people and things? Provide an example.

A

“Ser” is used for characteristics of people and things. Example: José y Clara son simpáticos.

275
Q

How is “ser” used for generalizations? Provide an example.

A

“Ser” is used for generalizations. Example: ¡Es fabuloso viajar!

276
Q

What is the use of “ser” for possession? Provide an example.

A

“Ser” is used for possession. Example: Es la pluma de Jimena.

277
Q

How is “ser” used for indicating what something is made of? Provide an example.

A

“Ser” indicates what something is made of. Example: La bicicleta es de metal.

278
Q

What is the use of “ser” for time and date? Give an example.

A

“Ser” is used for time and date. Example: Hoy es martes.

279
Q

How is “ser” used for where or when an event takes place? Provide an example.

A

“Ser” is used to indicate where or when an event takes place. Example: El partido es en el estadio Santa Fe.

280
Q

How is “estar” used for location or spatial relationships? Provide an example.

A

“Estar” is used for location or spatial relationships. Example: El aeropuerto está lejos de la ciudad.

281
Q

How is “estar” used for health? Provide an example.

A

“Estar” is used for health. Example: ¿Cómo estás? Estoy bien, gracias.

282
Q

How is “estar” used for physical states or conditions? Give an example.

A

“Estar” is used for physical states or conditions. Example: Las ventanas están abiertas.

283
Q

How is “estar” used for emotional states? Provide an example.

A

“Estar” is used for emotional states. Example: Marissa está feliz hoy.

284
Q

How is “estar” used for certain weather expressions? Provide an example.

A

“Estar” is used for certain weather expressions. Example: Está nublado.

285
Q

ow is “estar” used for ongoing actions (progressive tenses)? Provide an example.

A

“Estar” is used for ongoing actions (progressive tenses). Example: Ana está leyendo una novela.

286
Q

What is an indirect object pronoun, and how is it used in a sentence?

A

An indirect object pronoun answers the question to whom or for whom an action is done. Example: Roberto le presta cien pesos a Luisa.

287
Q

What are the singular indirect object pronouns in Spanish?

A

The singular indirect object pronouns are me (to/for me), te (to/for you, familiar), le (to/for you formal, to/for him/her).

288
Q

What are the plural indirect object pronouns in Spanish?

A

The plural indirect object pronouns are nos (to/for us), os (to/for you, familiar), les (to/for them, to/for you plural).

289
Q

How do indirect object pronouns agree with nouns?

A

Indirect object pronouns agree in number (singular or plural) but not in gender with the corresponding noun.

290
Q

How are indirect object pronouns used with nouns in the same sentence? Provide an example.

A

Both the indirect object pronoun and the noun to which it refers are used to emphasize and clarify the person. Example: Ella le vende la ropa a Elena.

291
Q

Can indirect object pronouns be used without the indirect object noun? Provide an example.

A

Yes, indirect object pronouns can be used without the indirect object noun if it is known to whom the action is directed. Example: Ana le presta la falda a Elena or También le presta unos jeans.

292
Q

What are the preterite forms of “ser” and “ir” for the subject pronoun “yo”?

A

The preterite forms of ser and ir for “yo” are fui.

293
Q

What are the preterite forms of “ser” and “ir” for the subject pronoun “tú”?

A

The preterite forms of ser and ir for “tú” are fuiste.

294
Q

What are the preterite forms of “ser” and “ir” for the subject pronoun “él/ella/usted”?

A

The preterite forms of ser and ir for “él/ella/usted” are fue.

295
Q

What are the preterite forms of “ser” and “ir” for the subject pronoun “nosotros/as”?

A

The preterite forms of ser and ir for “nosotros/as” are fuimos.

296
Q

What are the preterite forms of “ser” and “ir” for the subject pronoun “vosotros/as”?

A

The preterite forms of ser and ir for “vosotros/as” are fuisteis.

297
Q

What are the preterite forms of “ser” and “ir” for the subject pronoun “ellos/ellas/ustedes”?

A

The preterite forms of ser and ir for “ellos/ellas/ustedes” are fueron.

298
Q

How can you tell the difference between the preterite forms of “ser” and “ir” if they are identical?

A

Context clarifies the meaning, as ser means “to be” and ir means “to go.” For example, “Él fue a comprar champú” (He went to buy shampoo) uses ir, while “Él fue muy amable” (He was very kind) uses ser.

299
Q

What are the preterite forms of “ser” and “ir” for the subject pronoun “yo”?

A

The preterite forms of ser and ir for “yo” are fui.

300
Q

What are the preterite forms of “ser” and “ir” for the subject pronoun “tú”?

A

The preterite forms of ser and ir for “tú” are fuiste.

301
Q

What are the preterite forms of “ser” and “ir” for the subject pronoun “él/ella/usted”?

A

The preterite forms of ser and ir for “él/ella/usted” are fue.

302
Q

What are the preterite forms of “ser” and “ir” for the subject pronoun “nosotros/as”?

A

The preterite forms of ser and ir for “nosotros/as” are fuimos.

303
Q

What are the preterite forms of “ser” and “ir” for the subject pronoun “vosotros/as”?

A

The preterite forms of ser and ir for “vosotros/as” are fuisteis.

304
Q

What are the preterite forms of “ser” and “ir” for the subject pronoun “ellos/ellas/ustedes”?

A

The preterite forms of ser and ir for “ellos/ellas/ustedes” are fueron.

305
Q

How can you tell the difference between the preterite forms of “ser” and “ir” if they are identical?

A

Context clarifies the meaning, as ser means “to be” and ir means “to go.” For example, “Él fue a comprar champú” (He went to buy shampoo) uses ir, while “Él fue muy amable” (He was very kind) uses ser.

306
Q

What are the preterite forms of “tener” for the subject pronoun “yo”?

A

The preterite form of tener for “yo” is tuve.

307
Q

What are the preterite forms of “venir” for the subject pronoun “tú”?

A

The preterite form of venir for “tú” is viniste.

308
Q

What are the preterite forms of “decir” for the subject pronoun “él/ella/usted”?

A

The preterite form of decir for “él/ella/usted” is dijo.

309
Q

What are the preterite forms of “tener” for “nosotros/as”?

A

The preterite form of tener for “nosotros/as” is tuvimos.

310
Q

What are the preterite forms of “venir” for “vosotros/as”?

A

The preterite form of venir for “vosotros/as” is vinisteis.

311
Q

What are the preterite forms of “decir” for “ellos/ellas/ustedes”?

A

The preterite form of decir for “ellos/ellas/ustedes” is dijeron.

312
Q

What are the endings of irregular preterite verbs that have u-stem, i-stem, and j-stem changes?

A

The endings of these verbs are the regular preterite endings of -er and -ir verbs, except for the yo and usted/él/ella forms.

313
Q

What are the preterite forms of “poder” in the u-stem change?

A

Poder has the preterite forms: pude, pudiste, pudo, pudimos, pudisteis, pudieron.

314
Q

What are the preterite forms of “querer” in the i-stem change?

A

Querer has the preterite forms: quise, quisiste, quiso, quisimos, quisisteis, quisieron.

315
Q

What are the preterite forms of “traer” in the j-stem change?

A

Traer has the preterite forms: traje, trajiste, trajo, trajimos, trajisteis, trajeron.

316
Q

What happens to the j-stem verbs in the “ellos/ellas/ustedes” form?

A

J-stem verbs omit the letter i in the ellos/ellas/ustedes form. Example: trajeron, dijeron.

317
Q

How does the verb “hacer” change in the third-person singular preterite?

A

The verb hacer changes to hizo in the third-person singular preterite.

318
Q

How does the verb “conocer” change meaning in the preterite? Provide an example.

A

In the preterite, conocer means to meet. Example: Conocí a esa pareja ayer (I met that couple yesterday).

319
Q

How does the verb “saber” change meaning in the preterite? Provide an example.

A

In the preterite, saber means to find out or to learn. Example: Supimos la verdad anoche (We found out the truth last night).

320
Q

How does the verb “poder” change meaning in the preterite? Provide an example.

A

In the preterite, poder means to manage or to succeed. Example: Pudimos hacerlo ayer (We managed to do it yesterday).

321
Q

How does the verb “querer” change meaning in the preterite? Provide an example.

A

In the preterite, querer means to try. Example: Quise evitarlo, pero fue imposible (I tried to avoid it, but it was impossible).

322
Q

What is the difference between “pude” and “no pude” in the preterite?

A

Pude means “I succeeded” while no pude means “I failed.”

323
Q

What is the difference between “quise” and “no quise” in the preterite?

A

Quise means “I tried” while no quise means “I refused.”

324
Q

What is an example of “poder” used in an affirmative preterite sentence?

A

Example: Pudimos ir a la fiesta (We managed to go to the party).

325
Q

What is an example of “querer” used in a negative preterite sentence?

A

Example: No quise hablar con él (I refused to talk to him).

326
Q

What are the preterite endings for -ar (u-stem) verbs?

A

The endings for -ar (u-stem) verbs in the preterite are: -e, -iste, -o, -imos, -isteis, -ieron. Example: tener -> tuve, tuviste, tuvo, tuvimos, tuvisteis, tuvieron.

327
Q

What are the preterite endings for -ir (i-stem) verbs?

A

The endings for -ir (i-stem) verbs in the preterite are: -e, -iste, -o, -imos, -isteis, -ieron. Example: venir -> vine, viniste, vino, vinimos, vinisteis, vinieron.

328
Q

What are the preterite endings for -er (j-stem) verbs?

A

The endings for -er (j-stem) verbs in the preterite are: -e, -iste, -o, -imos, -isteis, -eron (note the change from -ieron to -eron). Example: decir -> dije, dijiste, dijo, dijimos, dijisteis, dijeron.

329
Q

What are the imperfect tense forms of “cantar” for “yo” and “nosotros/as”?

A

The imperfect forms of cantar are: yo cantaba, nosotros/as cantábamos.

330
Q

What are the imperfect tense forms of “beber” for “tú” and “ellos/ellas/ustedes”?

A

The imperfect forms of beber are: tú bebías, ellos/ellas/ustedes bebían.

331
Q

What are the imperfect tense forms of “escribir” for “él/ella/usted” and “vosotros/as”?

A

The imperfect forms of escribir are: él/ella/usted escribía, vosotros/as escribíais.

332
Q

Which verbs are irregular in the imperfect tense?

A

The verbs that are irregular in the imperfect tense are ir, ser, ver.

333
Q

What are the imperfect forms of the irregular verb “ir”?

A

The imperfect forms of ir are: iba, ibas, iba, íbamos, ibais, iban.

334
Q

What are the imperfect forms of the irregular verb “ser”?

A

The imperfect forms of ser are: era, eras, era, éramos, erais, eran.

335
Q

What are the imperfect forms of the irregular verb “ver”?

A

The imperfect forms of ver are: veía, veías, veía, veíamos, veíais, veían.

336
Q

Are there stem changes in the imperfect tense?

A

No, there are no stem changes in the imperfect tense. Example: Entendíamos japonés (We used to understand Japanese).

337
Q

How is the imperfect form of “hay” (there is/there are) expressed in the past tense?

A

The imperfect form of hay is había, meaning “there was” or “there were.” Example: Había dos pacientes allí (There were two patients there).

338
Q

What are the endings for regular -ar verbs in the imperfect tense?

A

The endings for regular -ar verbs in the imperfect tense are: -aba, -abas, -aba, -ábamos, -abais, -aban. Example: cantar -> cantaba, cantabas, cantaba, cantábamos, cantabais, cantaban.

339
Q

What are the endings for regular -er verbs in the imperfect tense?

A

The endings for regular -er verbs in the imperfect tense are: -ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían. Example: beber -> bebía, bebías, bebía, bebíamos, bebíais, bebían.

340
Q

What are the endings for regular -ir verbs in the imperfect tense?

A

The endings for regular -ir verbs in the imperfect tense are: -ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían. Example: escribir -> escribía, escribías, escribía, escribíamos, escribíais, escribían.

341
Q

What are the irregular verbs in the imperfect tense?

A

The irregular verbs in the imperfect tense are ir, ser, ver.

342
Q

What are the conjugations for the verb “ir” in the imperfect tense?

A

The conjugations for ir in the imperfect tense are: iba, ibas, iba, íbamos, ibais, iban.

343
Q

What are the conjugations for the verb “ser” in the imperfect tense?

A

The conjugations for ser in the imperfect tense are: era, eras, era, éramos, erais, eran.

344
Q

What are the endings for u-stem verbs in the preterite tense?

A

The endings for u-stem verbs are: -e, -iste, -o, -imos, -isteis, -ieron. Example: tener -> tuve, tuviste, tuvo, tuvimos, tuvisteis, tuvieron.

345
Q

What are the endings for i-stem verbs in the preterite tense?

A

The endings for i-stem verbs are: -e, -iste, -o, -imos, -isteis, -ieron. Example: venir -> vine, viniste, vino, vinimos, vinisteis, vinieron.

346
Q

What are the endings for j-stem verbs in the preterite tense?

A

The endings for j-stem verbs are: -e, -iste, -o, -imos, -isteis, -eron (note the change from -ieron to -eron). Example: decir -> dije, dijiste, dijo, dijimos, dijisteis, dijeron.

347
Q

What are the irregular verbs in the preterite tense?

A

The irregular verbs in the preterite are ser, ir, tener, venir, decir, poder, poner, saber, querer, hacer, traer, conducir, traducir.

348
Q

What are the conjugations of “ser” and “ir” in the preterite?

A

The conjugations for both ser and ir in the preterite are: fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fuisteis, fueron.

349
Q

What are the conjugations of “tener” in the preterite?

A

The conjugations of tener in the preterite are: tuve, tuviste, tuvo, tuvimos, tuvisteis, tuvieron.

350
Q

What are the conjugations of “venir” in the preterite?

A

The conjugations of venir in the preterite are: vine, viniste, vino, vinimos, vinisteis, vinieron.

351
Q

What are the conjugations of “decir” in the preterite?

A

The conjugations of decir in the preterite are: dije, dijiste, dijo, dijimos, dijisteis, dijeron.

352
Q

What are the conjugations of “hacer” in the preterite?

A

The conjugations of hacer in the preterite are: hice, hiciste, hizo, hicimos, hicisteis, hicieron.

353
Q

What are the conjugations of “poder” in the preterite?

A

The conjugations of poder in the preterite are: pude, pudiste, pudo, pudimos, pudisteis, pudieron.

354
Q

What are the conjugations of “poner” in the preterite?

A

The conjugations of poner in the preterite are: puse, pusiste, puso, pusimos, pusisteis, pusieron.

355
Q

What are the conjugations of “saber” in the preterite?

A

The conjugations of saber in the preterite are: supe, supiste, supo, supimos, supisteis, supieron.

356
Q

What are the conjugations of “querer” in the preterite?

A

The conjugations of querer in the preterite are: quise, quisiste, quiso, quisimos, quisisteis, quisieron.

357
Q

What are the conjugations of “traer” in the preterite?

A

The conjugations of traer in the preterite are: traje, trajiste, trajo, trajimos, trajisteis, trajeron.

358
Q

What is the difference between j-stem verbs and other stem-changing verbs in the preterite?

A

The key difference is that j-stem verbs omit the letter i in the ellos/ellas/ustedes form. Example: dijeron, trajeron.

359
Q

How does the verb “hacer” change in the third-person singular preterite?

A

The verb hacer changes to hizo in the third-person singular preterite.

360
Q

What are the preterite forms of “conducir”?

A

The preterite forms of conducir are: conduje, condujiste, condujo, condujimos, condujisteis, condujeron.

361
Q

What are the preterite forms of “traducir”?

A

The preterite forms of traducir are: traduje, tradujiste, tradujo, tradujimos, tradujisteis, tradujeron.

362
Q

How are affirmative tú commands formed for regular verbs?

A

Affirmative tú commands for regular verbs are formed by using the él/ella form of the present tense. Example: hablar -> habla, guardar -> guarda.

363
Q

What is an example of an affirmative tú command for the verb “guardar”?

A

Example: Guarda el documento antes de cerrarlo (Save the document before closing it).

364
Q

What are the irregular affirmative tú commands for “decir”, “hacer”, “ir”, “poner”, and “salir”?

A

The irregular affirmative tú commands are: decir -> di, hacer -> haz, ir -> ve, poner -> pon, salir -> sal.

365
Q

What is the affirmative tú command for the verb “venir”?

A

The affirmative tú command for venir is ven.

366
Q

What is the affirmative tú command for the verb “ser”?

A

The affirmative tú command for ser is sé.

367
Q

What is the difference between “ve” (from ir) and “ve” (from ver) in affirmative tú commands?

A

Ve can mean either “go” (from ir) or “see” (from ver) depending on the context. Example: Ve al supermercado (Go to the supermarket) vs Ve la película (See the movie).

368
Q

How are negative tú commands formed for regular verbs?

A

Negative tú commands are formed by taking the yo form of the present tense, dropping the -o, and adding -es for -ar verbs and -as for -er/-ir verbs. Example: hablar -> no hables, guardar -> no guardes.

369
Q

What are the irregular negative tú commands for “dar”, “estar”, “ir”, “saber”, and “ser”?

A

The irregular negative tú commands are: dar -> no des, estar -> no estés, ir -> no vayas, saber -> no sepas, ser -> no seas.

370
Q

How do you form the negative tú command for the verb “poner”?

A

The negative tú command for poner is no pongas.

371
Q

How do you form the negative tú command for the verb “conducir”?

A

The negative tú command for conducir is no conduzcas.

372
Q

What is the rule for verbs ending in -car, -gar, and -zar in negative tú commands?

A

Verbs ending in -car, -gar, and -zar have spelling changes in the negative tú commands to preserve pronunciation: -car -> qu (e.g., no saques), -gar -> gu (e.g., no apagues), -zar -> c (e.g., no almuerces).

373
Q

When is “por” used to indicate movement?

A

Por is used to indicate movement through or by a place. Example: Pasamos por el parque (We passed through the park).

374
Q

When is “por” used to indicate time?

A

Por is used to indicate the duration of an action. Example: Estuve en la Patagonia por un mes (I was in Patagonia for a month).

375
Q

When is “por” used to indicate an action?

A

Por is used to indicate the reason or motive for an action. Example: Lo hizo por su familia (He did it for his family).

376
Q

How is “por” used to indicate means by which something is done?

A

Por is used to indicate the means or mode of transportation or communication. Example: Hablé con ella por teléfono (I spoke to her by phone).

377
Q

How is “por” used to indicate exchange or substitution?

A

Por is used to indicate exchange or substitution. Example: Le di dinero por el libro (I gave him money for the book).

378
Q

How is “por” used to indicate unit of measure?

A

Por is used to indicate unit of measure. Example: Conducía a 120 kilómetros por hora (He was driving 120 kilometers per hour).

379
Q

When is “para” used to indicate movement?

A

Para is used to indicate movement toward a destination. Example: Salimos para Córdoba el sábado (We are leaving for Córdoba on Saturday).

380
Q

When is “para” used to indicate time?

A

Para is used to indicate a deadline or a specific time in the future. Example: Tengo que escribir un ensayo para mañana (I have to write an essay by tomorrow).

381
Q

When is “para” used to indicate an action?

A

Para is used to indicate the purpose or goal of an action. Example: Juan estudia para ser médico (Juan is studying to be a doctor).

382
Q

How is “para” used to express a recipient?

A

Para is used to indicate the recipient of something. Example: Este regalo es para ti (This gift is for you).

383
Q

How is “para” used to express comparison or opinion?

A

Para is used to express a comparison or opinion. Example: Para mí, esta lección es fácil (For me, this lesson is easy).

384
Q

How is “para” used to express employment?

A

Para is used to express employment. Example: Sara trabaja para Telecom Argentina (Sara works for Telecom Argentina).

385
Q

SPANSIH HACK: what is the Spanish hack for por

A

POR = T.R.E.C.E

T - TIME DURATION, TEMEPORAL REFERENCES
R - REASON OR CAUSE
E - EXPRESS ROUGH PROXIMITY AND MOTION
C - COMMUNICATION
E - EXCHANGE MONEY OR RESOURCES

386
Q

SPANISH HACK: what is the Spanish hack for para

A

PARA = P.R.O.D.D
P = PURPOSE OR GOAL
R - RECIIENT
O - OPINION
D - DEADLINE
D - DESTINATION OR DIRECTION

387
Q

SPANISH HACK: give the “general rule” that works for most verbs to form tu affrimative command

A

verb | el/ella/usted form in the present subjunctive | tu command
hablar => habla -> habla

comer -> come -> come

escribir (plural) -> escriben -> escriben

leer -> lee

  • for affrimative no commands the endings are the in tu form (e.g: -ar: -es, -er: -as
388
Q

give the endings to spanish verbs in the preterite tense for -ar verbs

A

yo - e() tu - aste el/ella/usted - o()
nosotros - amos
ustedes - aron

389
Q

give the endings to spanish verbs in the preterite tense for -er, -ir verbs

A

yo - i() tu - iste el/ella/usted - io()
nosotros - imos
ustedes - ieron

390
Q

give the endings to spanish verbs in the imperfect tense for -er, -ir verbs

A

yo - i()a tu - i()as
el/ella/usted - i()a nosotros - i()amos
ustedes - i(`)an

391
Q

give the endings to spanish verbs in the imperfect tense for -ar verbs

A

yo - aba
tu - abas
el/ella/usted - aba
nosotros - a(`)bamos
ustedes - aban

392
Q

give the endings to spanish verbs in the present tense for -ar verbs

A

yo - o
tu - as
el/ella/usted - a
nosotros - amos
ustedes - an

393
Q

give the endings to spanish verbs in the present tense for -er,-ir verbs

A

yo - o
tu - es
el/ella/usted - e
nosotros - emos
ustedes - en

394
Q

What is the imperative endings in spansish for -ar, -er, -ir verbs?

A

verb: tu, usted, ustedes | negative

-ar: a , e , en | es

-ir/er: e , a , an | an

395
Q
A

Fall 2024 Grad (7 decks)

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