Spanish Test 2 Flashcards
Extensive Coverage Spanish Content to 11.2
a menudo
often
a tiempo
on time
a veces
sometimes
el accidente
accident
además (de)
furthermore; besides
el antibiótico
antibiotic
apenas
hardly; scarcely
así
like this; so
la aspirina
aspirin
bastante
enough; rather
la boca
mouth
el brazo
arm
la cabeza
head
caerse
to fall (down)
casi
almost
la clínica
clinic
con frecuencia
frequently
congestionado/a
congested
el consultorio
doctor’s office
el corazón
heart
el cuello
neck
el cuerpo
body
dañar
to damage; to break down
darse con
to bump into; to run into
de niño/a
as a child
de vez en cuando
from time to time
el dedo
finger
el dedo del pie
toe
el/la dentista
dentist
despacio
slowly
el/la doctor(a)
doctor
doler (o:ue)
to hurt
el dolor (de cabeza)
(head)ache; pain
embarazada
pregnant
enfermarse
to get sick
el/la enfermero/a
nurse
estar enfermo/a
to be sick
el estómago
stomach
estornudar
to sneeze
el examen médico
physical exam
la farmacia
pharmacy
la garganta
throat
grave
grave; serious
la gripe
flu
el hospital
hospital
el hueso
bone
la infección
infection
lastimarse (el pie)
to injure (one’s foot)
mareado/a
dizzy; nauseated
el medicamento
medication
la medicina
medicine
médico/a
medical
menos
less
mientras
while
muchas veces
a lot; many times
la nariz
nose
el oído
(sense of) hearing; inner ear
el ojo
eye
olvidar
to forget
la operación
operation
la oreja
(outer) ear
el/la paciente
patient
la pastilla
pill
el pie
foot
la pierna
leg
poco
little
poner una inyección
to give an injection
por lo menos
at least
prohibir
to prohibit
pronto
soon
la radiografía
X-ray
rápido
quickly
la receta
prescription
recetar
to prescribe
el resfriado
cold (illness)
la rodilla
knee
romper
to break
romperse (la pierna)
to break (one’s leg)
sacar(se) un diente
to have a tooth removed
la sala de emergencia(s)
emergency room
la salud
health
saludable
healthy
sano/a
healthy
ser alérgico/a (a)
to be allergic (to)
el síntoma
symptom
sufrir una enfermedad
to suffer an illness
tener dolor (m.)
to have pain
tener fiebre (f.)
to have a fever
el tobillo
ankle
todos los días
every day
tomar la temperatura
to take someone’s temperature
torcerse (o:ue) (el tobillo)
to sprain (one’s ankle)
la tos
cough
toser
to cough
abrazar(se)
to hug; to embrace (each other)
apagar
to turn off
la aplicación
app
el archivo
file
arrancar
to start
arreglar
to fix; to arrange
la arroba
@ symbol
la autopista
highway
ayudar(se)
to help (each other)
bajar(se) de
to get off of/out of (a vehicle)
la batería
battery
el baúl
trunk
besar(se)
to kiss (each other)
el blog
blog
borrar
to erase
el buscador
browser
la calle
street
la cámara digital
digital camera
el canal
(TV) channel
el capó
hood
el cargador
charger
cargar
to charge; to upload
la carretera
highway; (main) road
el carro
car
el (teléfono) celular
(cell) phone
chatear
to chat
la circulación
traffic
el coche
car
el cofre
hood
la computadora (portátil)
(portable) computer; (laptop)
conducir
to drive
conectarse a Internet
to get connected to the Internet
la conexión inalámbrica
wireless connection
la contraseña
password
el control remoto
remote control
el correo de voz
voice mail
descargar
to download
descompuesto/a
not working; out of order
la dirección electrónica
e-mail address
encontrar(se) (o:ue)
to meet (each other); to run into (each other)
escanear
to scan
estacionar
to park
funcionar
to work
el garaje
garage
la gasolina
gasoline
la gasolinera
gas station
grabar
to record
guardar
to save
la impresora
printer
imprimir
to print
Internet
Internet
lento/a
slow
la licencia de conducir
driver’s license
llamar
to call
la llanta
tire
llenar (el tanque)
to fill (the tank)
lleno/a
full
manejar
to drive
el/la mecánico/a
mechanic
el mensaje de texto
text message
el navegador GPS
GPS
la página principal
home page
la pantalla
screen
el parabrisas
windshield
parar
to stop
el perfil
profile
la policía
police (force)
poner
to turn on
por aquí
around here
por ejemplo
for example
por eso
that’s why; therefore
por fin
finally
prender
to turn on
el programa de computación
software
el radio
radio (set)
el ratón
mouse
la red
network; Web
revisar (el aceite)
to check (the oil)
saludar(se)
to greet (each other)
el sitio web
website
sonar (o:ue)
to ring
subir(se) a
to get on/into (a vehicle)
la tableta
tablet (computer)
el taller (mecánico)
(mechanic’s) repair shop
el teclado
keyboard
el televisor
television set
textear
to text
el tráfico
traffic
la velocidad máxima
speed limit
el volante
steering wheel
aconsejar
to advise
las afueras
suburbs; outskirts
la alfombra
carpet; rug
la almohada
pillow
alquilar
to rent
el alquiler
rent (payment)
el altillo
attic
el amo/a de casa
homemaker
el armario
closet
arreglar
to straighten up
el balcón
balcony
barrer el suelo
to sweep the floor
el barrio
neighborhood
la cafetera
coffee maker
el cartel
poster
la cocina
kitchen
la cocina
stove
cocinar
to cook
el comedor
dining room
la cómoda
chest of drawers
el congelador
freezer
la copa
wineglass
las cortinas
curtains
el cuadro
picture
la cuchara
(table or large) spoon
el cuchillo
knife
el dormitorio
bedroom
el edificio de apartamentos
apartment building
el electrodoméstico
electric appliance
ensuciar
to get (something) dirty
la entrada
entrance
Es bueno que…
It’s good that…
Es importante que…
It’s important that…
Es malo que…
It’s bad that…
Es mejor que…
It’s better that…
Es necesario que…
It’s necessary that…
Es urgente que…
It’s urgent that…
la escalera
stairs
el estante
bookcase; bookshelves
la estufa
stove
el garaje
garage
hacer la cama
to make the bed
hacer quehaceres domésticos
to do household chores
el horno (de microondas)
(microwave) oven
insistir (en)
to insist (on)
el jardín
garden; yard
la lámpara
lamp
la lavadora
washing machine
el lavaplatos
dishwasher
lavar (el suelo, los platos)
to wash (the floor, the dishes)
limpiar la casa
to clean the house
la luz
light; electricity
mandar
to order
la manta
blanket
la mesita
end table
la mesita de noche
night stand
mudarse
to move (from one house to another)
los muebles
furniture
la oficina
office
la pared
wall
pasar la aspiradora
to vacuum
el pasillo
hallway
el patio
patio; yard
la pintura
painting; picture
planchar la ropa
to iron the clothes
el plato
plate
poner la mesa
to set the table
quitar el polvo
to dust
quitar la mesa
to clear the table
recomendar (e:ie)
to recommend
el refrigerador
refrigerator
rogar (o:ue)
to beg
sacar la basura
to take out the trash
sacudir los muebles
to dust the furniture
la sala
living room
la secadora
clothes dryer
la servilleta
napkin
el sillón
armchair
el sofá
sofa
el sótano
basement
sugerir (e:ie)
to suggest
la taza
cup
el tenedor
fork
la tostadora
toaster
el vaso
glass
el/la vecino/a
neighbor
la vivienda
housing
What are the key uses of “ser” for nationality and place of origin? Provide an example.
“Ser” is used to express nationality and place of origin. Example: Juan Carlos es argentino.
How is “ser” used to describe profession or occupation? Give an example.
“Ser” describes professions or occupations. Example: Adela es inspectora de aduanas.
How is “ser” used to describe characteristics of people and things? Provide an example.
“Ser” is used for characteristics of people and things. Example: José y Clara son simpáticos.
How is “ser” used for generalizations? Provide an example.
“Ser” is used for generalizations. Example: ¡Es fabuloso viajar!
What is the use of “ser” for possession? Provide an example.
“Ser” is used for possession. Example: Es la pluma de Jimena.
How is “ser” used for indicating what something is made of? Provide an example.
“Ser” indicates what something is made of. Example: La bicicleta es de metal.
What is the use of “ser” for time and date? Give an example.
“Ser” is used for time and date. Example: Hoy es martes.
How is “ser” used for where or when an event takes place? Provide an example.
“Ser” is used to indicate where or when an event takes place. Example: El partido es en el estadio Santa Fe.
How is “estar” used for location or spatial relationships? Provide an example.
“Estar” is used for location or spatial relationships. Example: El aeropuerto está lejos de la ciudad.
How is “estar” used for health? Provide an example.
“Estar” is used for health. Example: ¿Cómo estás? Estoy bien, gracias.
How is “estar” used for physical states or conditions? Give an example.
“Estar” is used for physical states or conditions. Example: Las ventanas están abiertas.
How is “estar” used for emotional states? Provide an example.
“Estar” is used for emotional states. Example: Marissa está feliz hoy.
How is “estar” used for certain weather expressions? Provide an example.
“Estar” is used for certain weather expressions. Example: Está nublado.
ow is “estar” used for ongoing actions (progressive tenses)? Provide an example.
“Estar” is used for ongoing actions (progressive tenses). Example: Ana está leyendo una novela.
What is an indirect object pronoun, and how is it used in a sentence?
An indirect object pronoun answers the question to whom or for whom an action is done. Example: Roberto le presta cien pesos a Luisa.
What are the singular indirect object pronouns in Spanish?
The singular indirect object pronouns are me (to/for me), te (to/for you, familiar), le (to/for you formal, to/for him/her).
What are the plural indirect object pronouns in Spanish?
The plural indirect object pronouns are nos (to/for us), os (to/for you, familiar), les (to/for them, to/for you plural).
How do indirect object pronouns agree with nouns?
Indirect object pronouns agree in number (singular or plural) but not in gender with the corresponding noun.
How are indirect object pronouns used with nouns in the same sentence? Provide an example.
Both the indirect object pronoun and the noun to which it refers are used to emphasize and clarify the person. Example: Ella le vende la ropa a Elena.
Can indirect object pronouns be used without the indirect object noun? Provide an example.
Yes, indirect object pronouns can be used without the indirect object noun if it is known to whom the action is directed. Example: Ana le presta la falda a Elena or También le presta unos jeans.
What are the preterite forms of “ser” and “ir” for the subject pronoun “yo”?
The preterite forms of ser and ir for “yo” are fui.
What are the preterite forms of “ser” and “ir” for the subject pronoun “tú”?
The preterite forms of ser and ir for “tú” are fuiste.
What are the preterite forms of “ser” and “ir” for the subject pronoun “él/ella/usted”?
The preterite forms of ser and ir for “él/ella/usted” are fue.
What are the preterite forms of “ser” and “ir” for the subject pronoun “nosotros/as”?
The preterite forms of ser and ir for “nosotros/as” are fuimos.
What are the preterite forms of “ser” and “ir” for the subject pronoun “vosotros/as”?
The preterite forms of ser and ir for “vosotros/as” are fuisteis.
What are the preterite forms of “ser” and “ir” for the subject pronoun “ellos/ellas/ustedes”?
The preterite forms of ser and ir for “ellos/ellas/ustedes” are fueron.
How can you tell the difference between the preterite forms of “ser” and “ir” if they are identical?
Context clarifies the meaning, as ser means “to be” and ir means “to go.” For example, “Él fue a comprar champú” (He went to buy shampoo) uses ir, while “Él fue muy amable” (He was very kind) uses ser.
What are the preterite forms of “ser” and “ir” for the subject pronoun “yo”?
The preterite forms of ser and ir for “yo” are fui.
What are the preterite forms of “ser” and “ir” for the subject pronoun “tú”?
The preterite forms of ser and ir for “tú” are fuiste.
What are the preterite forms of “ser” and “ir” for the subject pronoun “él/ella/usted”?
The preterite forms of ser and ir for “él/ella/usted” are fue.
What are the preterite forms of “ser” and “ir” for the subject pronoun “nosotros/as”?
The preterite forms of ser and ir for “nosotros/as” are fuimos.
What are the preterite forms of “ser” and “ir” for the subject pronoun “vosotros/as”?
The preterite forms of ser and ir for “vosotros/as” are fuisteis.
What are the preterite forms of “ser” and “ir” for the subject pronoun “ellos/ellas/ustedes”?
The preterite forms of ser and ir for “ellos/ellas/ustedes” are fueron.
How can you tell the difference between the preterite forms of “ser” and “ir” if they are identical?
Context clarifies the meaning, as ser means “to be” and ir means “to go.” For example, “Él fue a comprar champú” (He went to buy shampoo) uses ir, while “Él fue muy amable” (He was very kind) uses ser.
What are the preterite forms of “tener” for the subject pronoun “yo”?
The preterite form of tener for “yo” is tuve.
What are the preterite forms of “venir” for the subject pronoun “tú”?
The preterite form of venir for “tú” is viniste.
What are the preterite forms of “decir” for the subject pronoun “él/ella/usted”?
The preterite form of decir for “él/ella/usted” is dijo.
What are the preterite forms of “tener” for “nosotros/as”?
The preterite form of tener for “nosotros/as” is tuvimos.
What are the preterite forms of “venir” for “vosotros/as”?
The preterite form of venir for “vosotros/as” is vinisteis.
What are the preterite forms of “decir” for “ellos/ellas/ustedes”?
The preterite form of decir for “ellos/ellas/ustedes” is dijeron.
What are the endings of irregular preterite verbs that have u-stem, i-stem, and j-stem changes?
The endings of these verbs are the regular preterite endings of -er and -ir verbs, except for the yo and usted/él/ella forms.
What are the preterite forms of “poder” in the u-stem change?
Poder has the preterite forms: pude, pudiste, pudo, pudimos, pudisteis, pudieron.
What are the preterite forms of “querer” in the i-stem change?
Querer has the preterite forms: quise, quisiste, quiso, quisimos, quisisteis, quisieron.
What are the preterite forms of “traer” in the j-stem change?
Traer has the preterite forms: traje, trajiste, trajo, trajimos, trajisteis, trajeron.
What happens to the j-stem verbs in the “ellos/ellas/ustedes” form?
J-stem verbs omit the letter i in the ellos/ellas/ustedes form. Example: trajeron, dijeron.
How does the verb “hacer” change in the third-person singular preterite?
The verb hacer changes to hizo in the third-person singular preterite.
How does the verb “conocer” change meaning in the preterite? Provide an example.
In the preterite, conocer means to meet. Example: Conocí a esa pareja ayer (I met that couple yesterday).
How does the verb “saber” change meaning in the preterite? Provide an example.
In the preterite, saber means to find out or to learn. Example: Supimos la verdad anoche (We found out the truth last night).
How does the verb “poder” change meaning in the preterite? Provide an example.
In the preterite, poder means to manage or to succeed. Example: Pudimos hacerlo ayer (We managed to do it yesterday).
How does the verb “querer” change meaning in the preterite? Provide an example.
In the preterite, querer means to try. Example: Quise evitarlo, pero fue imposible (I tried to avoid it, but it was impossible).
What is the difference between “pude” and “no pude” in the preterite?
Pude means “I succeeded” while no pude means “I failed.”
What is the difference between “quise” and “no quise” in the preterite?
Quise means “I tried” while no quise means “I refused.”
What is an example of “poder” used in an affirmative preterite sentence?
Example: Pudimos ir a la fiesta (We managed to go to the party).
What is an example of “querer” used in a negative preterite sentence?
Example: No quise hablar con él (I refused to talk to him).
What are the preterite endings for -ar (u-stem) verbs?
The endings for -ar (u-stem) verbs in the preterite are: -e, -iste, -o, -imos, -isteis, -ieron. Example: tener -> tuve, tuviste, tuvo, tuvimos, tuvisteis, tuvieron.
What are the preterite endings for -ir (i-stem) verbs?
The endings for -ir (i-stem) verbs in the preterite are: -e, -iste, -o, -imos, -isteis, -ieron. Example: venir -> vine, viniste, vino, vinimos, vinisteis, vinieron.
What are the preterite endings for -er (j-stem) verbs?
The endings for -er (j-stem) verbs in the preterite are: -e, -iste, -o, -imos, -isteis, -eron (note the change from -ieron to -eron). Example: decir -> dije, dijiste, dijo, dijimos, dijisteis, dijeron.
What are the imperfect tense forms of “cantar” for “yo” and “nosotros/as”?
The imperfect forms of cantar are: yo cantaba, nosotros/as cantábamos.
What are the imperfect tense forms of “beber” for “tú” and “ellos/ellas/ustedes”?
The imperfect forms of beber are: tú bebías, ellos/ellas/ustedes bebían.
What are the imperfect tense forms of “escribir” for “él/ella/usted” and “vosotros/as”?
The imperfect forms of escribir are: él/ella/usted escribía, vosotros/as escribíais.
Which verbs are irregular in the imperfect tense?
The verbs that are irregular in the imperfect tense are ir, ser, ver.
What are the imperfect forms of the irregular verb “ir”?
The imperfect forms of ir are: iba, ibas, iba, íbamos, ibais, iban.
What are the imperfect forms of the irregular verb “ser”?
The imperfect forms of ser are: era, eras, era, éramos, erais, eran.
What are the imperfect forms of the irregular verb “ver”?
The imperfect forms of ver are: veía, veías, veía, veíamos, veíais, veían.
Are there stem changes in the imperfect tense?
No, there are no stem changes in the imperfect tense. Example: Entendíamos japonés (We used to understand Japanese).
How is the imperfect form of “hay” (there is/there are) expressed in the past tense?
The imperfect form of hay is había, meaning “there was” or “there were.” Example: Había dos pacientes allí (There were two patients there).
What are the endings for regular -ar verbs in the imperfect tense?
The endings for regular -ar verbs in the imperfect tense are: -aba, -abas, -aba, -ábamos, -abais, -aban. Example: cantar -> cantaba, cantabas, cantaba, cantábamos, cantabais, cantaban.
What are the endings for regular -er verbs in the imperfect tense?
The endings for regular -er verbs in the imperfect tense are: -ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían. Example: beber -> bebía, bebías, bebía, bebíamos, bebíais, bebían.
What are the endings for regular -ir verbs in the imperfect tense?
The endings for regular -ir verbs in the imperfect tense are: -ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían. Example: escribir -> escribía, escribías, escribía, escribíamos, escribíais, escribían.
What are the irregular verbs in the imperfect tense?
The irregular verbs in the imperfect tense are ir, ser, ver.
What are the conjugations for the verb “ir” in the imperfect tense?
The conjugations for ir in the imperfect tense are: iba, ibas, iba, íbamos, ibais, iban.
What are the conjugations for the verb “ser” in the imperfect tense?
The conjugations for ser in the imperfect tense are: era, eras, era, éramos, erais, eran.
What are the endings for u-stem verbs in the preterite tense?
The endings for u-stem verbs are: -e, -iste, -o, -imos, -isteis, -ieron. Example: tener -> tuve, tuviste, tuvo, tuvimos, tuvisteis, tuvieron.
What are the endings for i-stem verbs in the preterite tense?
The endings for i-stem verbs are: -e, -iste, -o, -imos, -isteis, -ieron. Example: venir -> vine, viniste, vino, vinimos, vinisteis, vinieron.
What are the endings for j-stem verbs in the preterite tense?
The endings for j-stem verbs are: -e, -iste, -o, -imos, -isteis, -eron (note the change from -ieron to -eron). Example: decir -> dije, dijiste, dijo, dijimos, dijisteis, dijeron.
What are the irregular verbs in the preterite tense?
The irregular verbs in the preterite are ser, ir, tener, venir, decir, poder, poner, saber, querer, hacer, traer, conducir, traducir.
What are the conjugations of “ser” and “ir” in the preterite?
The conjugations for both ser and ir in the preterite are: fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fuisteis, fueron.
What are the conjugations of “tener” in the preterite?
The conjugations of tener in the preterite are: tuve, tuviste, tuvo, tuvimos, tuvisteis, tuvieron.
What are the conjugations of “venir” in the preterite?
The conjugations of venir in the preterite are: vine, viniste, vino, vinimos, vinisteis, vinieron.
What are the conjugations of “decir” in the preterite?
The conjugations of decir in the preterite are: dije, dijiste, dijo, dijimos, dijisteis, dijeron.
What are the conjugations of “hacer” in the preterite?
The conjugations of hacer in the preterite are: hice, hiciste, hizo, hicimos, hicisteis, hicieron.
What are the conjugations of “poder” in the preterite?
The conjugations of poder in the preterite are: pude, pudiste, pudo, pudimos, pudisteis, pudieron.
What are the conjugations of “poner” in the preterite?
The conjugations of poner in the preterite are: puse, pusiste, puso, pusimos, pusisteis, pusieron.
What are the conjugations of “saber” in the preterite?
The conjugations of saber in the preterite are: supe, supiste, supo, supimos, supisteis, supieron.
What are the conjugations of “querer” in the preterite?
The conjugations of querer in the preterite are: quise, quisiste, quiso, quisimos, quisisteis, quisieron.
What are the conjugations of “traer” in the preterite?
The conjugations of traer in the preterite are: traje, trajiste, trajo, trajimos, trajisteis, trajeron.
What is the difference between j-stem verbs and other stem-changing verbs in the preterite?
The key difference is that j-stem verbs omit the letter i in the ellos/ellas/ustedes form. Example: dijeron, trajeron.
How does the verb “hacer” change in the third-person singular preterite?
The verb hacer changes to hizo in the third-person singular preterite.
What are the preterite forms of “conducir”?
The preterite forms of conducir are: conduje, condujiste, condujo, condujimos, condujisteis, condujeron.
What are the preterite forms of “traducir”?
The preterite forms of traducir are: traduje, tradujiste, tradujo, tradujimos, tradujisteis, tradujeron.
How are affirmative tú commands formed for regular verbs?
Affirmative tú commands for regular verbs are formed by using the él/ella form of the present tense. Example: hablar -> habla, guardar -> guarda.
What is an example of an affirmative tú command for the verb “guardar”?
Example: Guarda el documento antes de cerrarlo (Save the document before closing it).
What are the irregular affirmative tú commands for “decir”, “hacer”, “ir”, “poner”, and “salir”?
The irregular affirmative tú commands are: decir -> di, hacer -> haz, ir -> ve, poner -> pon, salir -> sal.
What is the affirmative tú command for the verb “venir”?
The affirmative tú command for venir is ven.
What is the affirmative tú command for the verb “ser”?
The affirmative tú command for ser is sé.
What is the difference between “ve” (from ir) and “ve” (from ver) in affirmative tú commands?
Ve can mean either “go” (from ir) or “see” (from ver) depending on the context. Example: Ve al supermercado (Go to the supermarket) vs Ve la película (See the movie).
How are negative tú commands formed for regular verbs?
Negative tú commands are formed by taking the yo form of the present tense, dropping the -o, and adding -es for -ar verbs and -as for -er/-ir verbs. Example: hablar -> no hables, guardar -> no guardes.
What are the irregular negative tú commands for “dar”, “estar”, “ir”, “saber”, and “ser”?
The irregular negative tú commands are: dar -> no des, estar -> no estés, ir -> no vayas, saber -> no sepas, ser -> no seas.
How do you form the negative tú command for the verb “poner”?
The negative tú command for poner is no pongas.
How do you form the negative tú command for the verb “conducir”?
The negative tú command for conducir is no conduzcas.
What is the rule for verbs ending in -car, -gar, and -zar in negative tú commands?
Verbs ending in -car, -gar, and -zar have spelling changes in the negative tú commands to preserve pronunciation: -car -> qu (e.g., no saques), -gar -> gu (e.g., no apagues), -zar -> c (e.g., no almuerces).
When is “por” used to indicate movement?
Por is used to indicate movement through or by a place. Example: Pasamos por el parque (We passed through the park).
When is “por” used to indicate time?
Por is used to indicate the duration of an action. Example: Estuve en la Patagonia por un mes (I was in Patagonia for a month).
When is “por” used to indicate an action?
Por is used to indicate the reason or motive for an action. Example: Lo hizo por su familia (He did it for his family).
How is “por” used to indicate means by which something is done?
Por is used to indicate the means or mode of transportation or communication. Example: Hablé con ella por teléfono (I spoke to her by phone).
How is “por” used to indicate exchange or substitution?
Por is used to indicate exchange or substitution. Example: Le di dinero por el libro (I gave him money for the book).
How is “por” used to indicate unit of measure?
Por is used to indicate unit of measure. Example: Conducía a 120 kilómetros por hora (He was driving 120 kilometers per hour).
When is “para” used to indicate movement?
Para is used to indicate movement toward a destination. Example: Salimos para Córdoba el sábado (We are leaving for Córdoba on Saturday).
When is “para” used to indicate time?
Para is used to indicate a deadline or a specific time in the future. Example: Tengo que escribir un ensayo para mañana (I have to write an essay by tomorrow).
When is “para” used to indicate an action?
Para is used to indicate the purpose or goal of an action. Example: Juan estudia para ser médico (Juan is studying to be a doctor).
How is “para” used to express a recipient?
Para is used to indicate the recipient of something. Example: Este regalo es para ti (This gift is for you).
How is “para” used to express comparison or opinion?
Para is used to express a comparison or opinion. Example: Para mí, esta lección es fácil (For me, this lesson is easy).
How is “para” used to express employment?
Para is used to express employment. Example: Sara trabaja para Telecom Argentina (Sara works for Telecom Argentina).
SPANSIH HACK: what is the Spanish hack for por
POR = T.R.E.C.E
T - TIME DURATION, TEMEPORAL REFERENCES
R - REASON OR CAUSE
E - EXPRESS ROUGH PROXIMITY AND MOTION
C - COMMUNICATION
E - EXCHANGE MONEY OR RESOURCES
SPANISH HACK: what is the Spanish hack for para
PARA = P.R.O.D.D
P = PURPOSE OR GOAL
R - RECIIENT
O - OPINION
D - DEADLINE
D - DESTINATION OR DIRECTION
SPANISH HACK: give the “general rule” that works for most verbs to form tu affrimative command
verb | el/ella/usted form in the present subjunctive | tu command
hablar => habla -> habla
comer -> come -> come
escribir (plural) -> escriben -> escriben
leer -> lee
- for affrimative no commands the endings are the in tu form (e.g: -ar: -es, -er: -as
give the endings to spanish verbs in the preterite tense for -ar verbs
yo - e()
tu - aste
el/ella/usted - o()
nosotros - amos
ustedes - aron
give the endings to spanish verbs in the preterite tense for -er, -ir verbs
yo - i()
tu - iste
el/ella/usted - io()
nosotros - imos
ustedes - ieron
give the endings to spanish verbs in the imperfect tense for -er, -ir verbs
yo - i()a
tu - i()as
el/ella/usted - i()a
nosotros - i()amos
ustedes - i(`)an
give the endings to spanish verbs in the imperfect tense for -ar verbs
yo - aba
tu - abas
el/ella/usted - aba
nosotros - a(`)bamos
ustedes - aban
give the endings to spanish verbs in the present tense for -ar verbs
yo - o
tu - as
el/ella/usted - a
nosotros - amos
ustedes - an
give the endings to spanish verbs in the present tense for -er,-ir verbs
yo - o
tu - es
el/ella/usted - e
nosotros - emos
ustedes - en
What is the imperative endings in spansish for -ar, -er, -ir verbs?
verb: tu, usted, ustedes | negative
-ar: a , e , en | es
-ir/er: e , a , an | an
