Test 3: Renal Flashcards
Arteriole that carries blood to the glomerular capillaries for filtration
afferent arteriole
Tuft of glomerular capillaries through which large amounts of fluid are filtered from the blood; primary filtration system
glomerulus
Arterioles that carries blood into kidney
afferent arterioles
Waste products of metabolism (that are no longer needed by body)
urea creatine uric acid end products of hemoglobin breakdown metabolites of various hormones
The [right/left] kidney sits higher than the other
right
Portion of kidney that filtrates to form urine
cortex
Portion of kidney that protects and maintains shape
capsule
Part of kidney that collects and excretes urine
medulla
Portion of medulla that contains tubules
pyramids
Portion of medulla that contains blood vessels
columns
Amount of nephrons in each kidney
1 million
Rate at which urine is formed
1 mL/minute
Bladder capacity
~400-500 mL
Part of nephron that converts filtered fluid into urine on its way to the pelvis
Long tube
Part of nephron that takes filtrate from the distal convoluted tubule and moves it to the pelvis of the kidney
collecting duct
Three portions of the renal tubule
proximal convulted tubule (PCT), distal convoluted tubule (DCT), loop of Henle
Nephron that starts in the cortex and extend down into the medulla, in some cases to near the pelvis of the kidney; secretes, reabsobs and concentrates urine
juxtamedullary nephron
Entire nephron is located in the outer region of the kidney, the cortex; primarily in secretion and reabsorption of different substances
cortical nephron
Blood flow through kidney
1100 mL/min
Percent of CO that flows to the kidneys
22%
Distal ends of the capillaries of each glomerulus come together to form the efferent arteriole, which leads to a second capillary network that surrounds renal tubules
peritublular capillaries
Most blood of kidneys enters
Peritubular circulation
Ascending and descending vessels in juxtamedullary nephrons
vasa recta
less than 1% blood here
Path of renal blood flow
renal artery > segmental arteries > interlobar arteries > afferent arterioles > peritubular capillaries > interlobular veins > arcuate veins > interlobular veins > renal vein
Ascending and descending limbs of of this structure loop along with their blood vessels and collecting tubes form the pyramids in the medulla
Loop of Henle
Water content of the filtrate when filtrate reaches descending limb of loop of Henle
70%
Tubules furthest from the glomerulus that helps regulate potassium excretion
distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
Equatoin for what is oging ot be excreted
Amount filtered - amount reabsorbed + amount secreted = amount of solute excreted
Apparatus that regulates blood pressure within the kidneys, regulate blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)
system that regulates blood pressure and volume
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
Factors that cells of the macula densa are sensitive to in the afferent tubule
(1) ionic content and (2) water volume of fluid
Pressure forces filtration of blood in the glomerulus
glomerular filtration
Amount of filtrate formed each minute
Glomerular filtration
The process of returning important substances from the filtrate back to the body
tubular reabsorption
The movement of waste materials from the body to the filtrate
tubular secretion
Pores which act as a filtration (dialysis) membrane
fenestrations
Prevents filtration of larger proteins
Basal lamina of glomerulus
Prevents filtration of medium-sized proteins
Filtration slit membrane
Push things out
Capillary hydrostatic pressure
Section of nephron that extends the medulla and has thick and thin segments
Juxtamedullary nephron
Section of nephron that extends into the medulla with thick segments only; the majority of you nephrons
Cortical nephron
System that regulates blood pressure within the kidneys
Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)
Layers of glomerular capillary membrane
(1) endothelium of capillary, (2) basement membrane, (3) layer of epithelial cells
Glomerular capillary membrane that prevents filtration of plasma proteins
Basement membrane
Final part of the glomerular membrane that a layer of epithelial cells encircle the outer surface of the capillaries
Podocytes
Membrane that surrounds glomerular capillaries
Glomerular membrane
Charge of epithelial cells; provides additional restriction to filtration of plasma proteins
negative
Glomerular filtration depends on (4)
(1) pressure gradient across the filtration slit, (2) blood circulation through kidneys, (3) permeability of filtration barrier, (4) filtration surface
Formation of protein-free filtrate of plasma across glomerular membrane
glomerular filtration
The equation for what is excreted as urine
What is filtered + what is secreted - what is reabsorbed = what is excreted
Blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries
Glomerular blood hydrostatic filtration
should be 55 mmHg
Average glomerular blood hydrostatic filtration
55 mm Hg
Hydrostatic pressure exerted by filtrate into glomerulus, against filtration
capsular hydrostatic pressure
Average capsular hydrostatic pressure
15 mm Hg