Test 3 questions

Question 1

In the original Roman description of inflammation, the word rubor indicated that the inflamed region was _______.

Answer 1

red

Question 2

Based on its function, where would you be most likely to see this tissue?

Answer 2

in vessels leading to lymph nodes, promoting extravasation of B cells

Question 3

In this illustration of a comparison of the inflammasome and the apoptosome, the arrows labeled _______ indicate activation sites, the arrow labeled _______ indicate the assembly domains and the arrows labeled _______ indicate peptides with hydrolytic activity.

Answer 3

II, I, III

Question 4

In Lecture 13, we discussed cytokine cascades. In the inflammation lecture we looked at the activation process. Starting with the appearance of a danger signal and ending with the mobilization of a TH1 response, what’s the most likely order of appearance of these three signals important in this mobilization? IFNy, IL-1, and IL-2

Answer 4

IL-1, IL-2, IFNy

Question 5

A COX-2 (cyclo-oxygenase) inhibitor would NOT directly affect the production of _______.

Answer 5

lyso-PAF, would affect AA, thromboxane, and prostaglandin

Question 6

NK and Tc cells BOTH _____.

Answer 6

attack using granzymes and perforins

Question 7

This malignant cell can be attacked by______.

Answer 7

NK cells only

Question 8

A virus infects a cell. It down regulates the production of MHC I and induces the production of a false MHC I analog. The downregulation of the MHCI I will thwart attack by ______ and the fake MHC I will thwart attack by ______.

Answer 8

Tc cells only; NK cells only

Question 9

Which of the following cell types has an αβ receptor and rearranges its receptor genes using a limited number of choices, as opposed to completely randomly?

Answer 9

iNKT

Question 10

NK and iNKT cells are similar in that BOTH ______.

Answer 10

have Fc receptors

Question 11

The TB skin test involves injecting tuberculosis antigen under the skin with the goal of producing a Type ________ hypersensitivity in a sensitized individual.

Answer 11

IV

Question 12

Reactions to mis-matched blood typing are a different serious form of hypersensitivity involving antibody directed cellular and complement attack on red blood cells. You would expect that ______ cells and ______ class antibodies to be important in this response.

Answer 12

macrophage; M

Question 13

A woman who is Rh- gives birth to an Rh+ baby and is then given RhoGam. This protection is a form of ________.

Answer 13

passive immunity that will tie up the baby’s blood and prevent the mother from developing an anti-Rh+ immune response

Question 14

Type III hypersensitivity may result when an infection produces an excess of ____________, preventing ___________ clearing them.

Answer 14

antigen-antibody complexes; neutrophils

Question 15

Serious allergies are more common in children who have been delivered by ________ and fed ______ milk during early infancy.

Answer 15

Cesarean section; cow

Question 16

Questions 16 and 17: Those wacky scientists are engineering mice again! They develop a strain (B) of mice that has a gene for anti-HEL-antibody, and constitutively produces B cells that produce these antibodies/Ig receptors. In a separate experiment, they produce three different strains of mice with the gene for hen egg white lysozyme (HEL), a protein foreign to the mouse.  Strain 1: most of the cells secrete the protein into the interstitial fluid surrounding them.  Strain 2: liver cells secrete the protein into the plasma, and the protein is found nowhere else.  Strain 3: the HEL gene is located next to the gene for δ crystalline is thus only deposited in the cornea. In the next experiment they cross B with each of strains 1, 2 and 3 and then monitor function of the adaptive immune system. 16. A check of the TH cells shows NO HEL-reactive cells from strains 1 and 3, but reactive THcells from strain 2. Explain.

Answer 16

All #1 reactive TH cells have been deleted by Central Tolerance, and the #2 thymic epithelial cells do not express HEL and the #3 thymic epithelial cells do

Question 17

Questions 16 and 17: Those wacky scientists are engineering mice again! They develop a strain (B) of mice that has a gene for anti-HEL-antibody, and constitutively produces B cells that produce these antibodies/Ig receptors. In a separate experiment, they produce three different strains of mice with the gene for hen egg white lysozyme (HEL), a protein foreign to the mouse.  Strain 1: most of the cells secrete the protein into the interstitial fluid surrounding them.  Strain 2: liver cells secrete the protein into the plasma, and the protein is found nowhere else.  Strain 3: the HEL gene is located next to the gene for δ crystalline is thus only deposited in the cornea. In the next experiment they cross B with each of strains 1, 2 and 3 and then monitor function of the adaptive immune system. The scientists then begin to look for reactive B cells, that is, those cells with an Ig receptor for egg white lysozyme that can begin to activate and divide in its presence. In the bone narrow, they find reactive cells from strain(s) _______. In the cornea they find reactive cells from strain(s) ________. (Hint: it might help to draw a table.)

Answer 17

2 and 3; none of the mice

Question 18

If you were born and lived your first 15 years south of the line drawn on a map of the US, you would be less likely to contract ______.

Answer 18

multiple sclerosis

Question 19

In diabetes mellitus, the autoimmune attack deletes the ____ Islet cells, resulting in ______.

Answer 19

beta; inability of cells to take up glucose

Question 20

The above depiction of a mixed lymphocyte reaction shows two different outcomes. The results depicted in the _______ reaction indicate that the transplant is likely to succeed because the ________.

Answer 20

lower; recipient cells will not attack the transplant

Question 21

If you are attempting to improve the survival of a transplant tissue in a mouse, removing ______ will lengthen the time the transplant survives.

Answer 21

CD4 cells only AND both CD4 and CD8 cells

Question 22

Many of the therapies used to treat autoimmune diseases are also used to prevent transplant rejection. However, ______________ is likely to be helpful only in protecting transplants.

Answer 22

MHC tissue type matching

Question 23

A domino-donor series has been successful in increasing the availability of _____ for transplant.

Answer 23

kidneys

Question 24

The illustration above shows one possible genetic mechanism that might produce a new virulent strain of flu. This would result in the virus having a _________.

Answer 24

new combination of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase types

Question 25

All antibiotics are ineffective in treating ______ infections.

Answer 25

vaccinia

Question 26

Trypanosomes are particularly adept at evading the immune system because they _____.

Answer 26

can switch among over 100 surface coat variants

Question 27

This picture shows a ______ infection.

Answer 27

ring worm

Question 28

An advantage to passive immunity (over adaptive) is that it _______.

Answer 28

is safe to use on the immune-suppressed

Question 29

The SMAA vaccine shown here is designed to upregulate B cells and _____ cells, but could also up-regulate ______.

Answer 29

TH; TC cells if the epitopes are cross-presented

Question 30

FluMist is a _______ vaccine, and is therefore more likely to result in the production of _________.

Answer 30

live-attenuated; memory Tc cells

Question 31

An effective vaccination program can essentially eliminate a disease in a local area, even if the vaccine is only 80% effective. What keeps the other 20% from catching the disease?

Answer 31

The presence of a high proportion of vaccinated individual makes it hard for an un-vaccinated person to get exposed to the disease.

Question 32

A person with severe combined immune deficiency disease (SCID) should still be able to produce functioning ________, but they will be less effective because _______.

Answer 32

neutrophils; the overall immune response will not be up-regulated

Question 33

HIV enters a cell by first attaching to ______ and then _______.

Answer 33

CD4; attaching to a chemokine receptor

Question 34

The above diagram shows the relative position of several HIV genes. The gag, pol and env genes code each for two or more different proteins. How does this information specify these proteins?

Answer 34

Each gene specifies a single mRNA precursor, which is processed and then translated into a single peptide, which is then cut into functional proteins.

Question 35

This micrograph illustrated the ability to HIV to avoid immune attack by showing HIV viral _______.

Answer 35

particles moving directly from one cell to the other