Test 3 questions Flashcards
In the original Roman description of inflammation, the word rubor indicated that the inflamed region was _______.
red
Based on its function, where would you be most likely to see this tissue?
in vessels leading to lymph nodes, promoting extravasation of B cells
In this illustration of a comparison of the inflammasome and the apoptosome, the arrows labeled _______ indicate activation sites, the arrow labeled _______ indicate the assembly domains and the arrows labeled _______ indicate peptides with hydrolytic activity.
II, I, III
In Lecture 13, we discussed cytokine cascades. In the inflammation lecture we looked at the activation process. Starting with the appearance of a danger signal and ending with the mobilization of a TH1 response, what’s the most likely order of appearance of these three signals important in this mobilization? IFNy, IL-1, and IL-2
IL-1, IL-2, IFNy
A COX-2 (cyclo-oxygenase) inhibitor would NOT directly affect the production of _______.
lyso-PAF, would affect AA, thromboxane, and prostaglandin
NK and Tc cells BOTH _____.
attack using granzymes and perforins
This malignant cell can be attacked by______.
NK cells only
A virus infects a cell. It down regulates the production of MHC I and induces the production of a false MHC I analog. The downregulation of the MHCI I will thwart attack by ______ and the fake MHC I will thwart attack by ______.
Tc cells only; NK cells only
Which of the following cell types has an αβ receptor and rearranges its receptor genes using a limited number of choices, as opposed to completely randomly?
iNKT
NK and iNKT cells are similar in that BOTH ______.
have Fc receptors
The TB skin test involves injecting tuberculosis antigen under the skin with the goal of producing a Type ________ hypersensitivity in a sensitized individual.
IV
Reactions to mis-matched blood typing are a different serious form of hypersensitivity involving antibody directed cellular and complement attack on red blood cells. You would expect that ______ cells and ______ class antibodies to be important in this response.
macrophage; M
A woman who is Rh- gives birth to an Rh+ baby and is then given RhoGam. This protection is a form of ________.
passive immunity that will tie up the baby’s blood and prevent the mother from developing an anti-Rh+ immune response
Type III hypersensitivity may result when an infection produces an excess of ____________, preventing ___________ clearing them.
antigen-antibody complexes; neutrophils
Serious allergies are more common in children who have been delivered by ________ and fed ______ milk during early infancy.
Cesarean section; cow
Questions 16 and 17: Those wacky scientists are engineering mice again! They develop a strain (B) of mice that has a gene for anti-HEL-antibody, and constitutively produces B cells that produce these antibodies/Ig receptors. In a separate experiment, they produce three different strains of mice with the gene for hen egg white lysozyme (HEL), a protein foreign to the mouse. Strain 1: most of the cells secrete the protein into the interstitial fluid surrounding them. Strain 2: liver cells secrete the protein into the plasma, and the protein is found nowhere else. Strain 3: the HEL gene is located next to the gene for δ crystalline is thus only deposited in the cornea. In the next experiment they cross B with each of strains 1, 2 and 3 and then monitor function of the adaptive immune system. 16. A check of the TH cells shows NO HEL-reactive cells from strains 1 and 3, but reactive THcells from strain 2. Explain.
All #1 reactive TH cells have been deleted by Central Tolerance, and the #2 thymic epithelial cells do not express HEL and the #3 thymic epithelial cells do
Questions 16 and 17: Those wacky scientists are engineering mice again! They develop a strain (B) of mice that has a gene for anti-HEL-antibody, and constitutively produces B cells that produce these antibodies/Ig receptors. In a separate experiment, they produce three different strains of mice with the gene for hen egg white lysozyme (HEL), a protein foreign to the mouse. Strain 1: most of the cells secrete the protein into the interstitial fluid surrounding them. Strain 2: liver cells secrete the protein into the plasma, and the protein is found nowhere else. Strain 3: the HEL gene is located next to the gene for δ crystalline is thus only deposited in the cornea. In the next experiment they cross B with each of strains 1, 2 and 3 and then monitor function of the adaptive immune system. The scientists then begin to look for reactive B cells, that is, those cells with an Ig receptor for egg white lysozyme that can begin to activate and divide in its presence. In the bone narrow, they find reactive cells from strain(s) _______. In the cornea they find reactive cells from strain(s) ________. (Hint: it might help to draw a table.)
2 and 3; none of the mice
If you were born and lived your first 15 years south of the line drawn on a map of the US, you would be less likely to contract ______.
multiple sclerosis
In diabetes mellitus, the autoimmune attack deletes the ____ Islet cells, resulting in ______.
beta; inability of cells to take up glucose
The above depiction of a mixed lymphocyte reaction shows two different outcomes. The results depicted in the _______ reaction indicate that the transplant is likely to succeed because the ________.
lower; recipient cells will not attack the transplant
If you are attempting to improve the survival of a transplant tissue in a mouse, removing ______ will lengthen the time the transplant survives.
CD4 cells only AND both CD4 and CD8 cells
Many of the therapies used to treat autoimmune diseases are also used to prevent transplant rejection. However, ______________ is likely to be helpful only in protecting transplants.
MHC tissue type matching
A domino-donor series has been successful in increasing the availability of _____ for transplant.
kidneys
The illustration above shows one possible genetic mechanism that might produce a new virulent strain of flu. This would result in the virus having a _________.
new combination of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase types
All antibiotics are ineffective in treating ______ infections.
vaccinia
Trypanosomes are particularly adept at evading the immune system because they _____.
can switch among over 100 surface coat variants
This picture shows a ______ infection.
ring worm
An advantage to passive immunity (over adaptive) is that it _______.
is safe to use on the immune-suppressed
The SMAA vaccine shown here is designed to upregulate B cells and _____ cells, but could also up-regulate ______.
TH; TC cells if the epitopes are cross-presented
FluMist is a _______ vaccine, and is therefore more likely to result in the production of _________.
live-attenuated; memory Tc cells
An effective vaccination program can essentially eliminate a disease in a local area, even if the vaccine is only 80% effective. What keeps the other 20% from catching the disease?
The presence of a high proportion of vaccinated individual makes it hard for an un-vaccinated person to get exposed to the disease.
A person with severe combined immune deficiency disease (SCID) should still be able to produce functioning ________, but they will be less effective because _______.
neutrophils; the overall immune response will not be up-regulated
HIV enters a cell by first attaching to ______ and then _______.
CD4; attaching to a chemokine receptor
The above diagram shows the relative position of several HIV genes. The gag, pol and env genes code each for two or more different proteins. How does this information specify these proteins?
Each gene specifies a single mRNA precursor, which is processed and then translated into a single peptide, which is then cut into functional proteins.
This micrograph illustrated the ability to HIV to avoid immune attack by showing HIV viral _______.
particles moving directly from one cell to the other
