Test 2 questions

Question 1

Match element of the Classical Complement Pathway with the homologous element of the Lectin Complement Pathway. Fc stem matches ___.

Answer 1

mannose

Question 2

Match element of the Classical Complement Pathway with the homologous element of the Lectin Complement Pathway. C1q bundle matches ___.

Answer 2

MASP

Question 3

Match element of the Classical Complement Pathway with the homologous element of the Lectin Complement Pathway. C1r and C1s matches ___.

Answer 3

MBL

Question 4

Match element of the Classical Complement Pathway with the homologous element of the Lectin Complement Pathway. C3 convertase matches ___.

Answer 4

C4bC2a

Question 5

Innate triggers activate two of the three complement pathways. Such triggers are biological molecules also likely to bind to _______.

Answer 5

Toll-like receptors

Question 6

The model in this photograph illustrates a structure assembled after the insertion of ______ into the membrane and possibly made up of ______ C9 subunits.

Answer 6

C8; 12

Question 7

Presentation of antigen on CD1 is similar to display on MHC I in that antigen is _______ and similar to presentation on MHC II in that the responding cell is a _______ cell.

Answer 7

held in the cleft between the first two domains; TH

Question 8

A mouse from inbred strain K mates with a mouse from inbred strain Z. Z and K each have totally different MHC I and II alleles. If there is no crossing over in the MHC region, the male Z mouse can make ______ type(s) of sperm with respect to these alleles and the hybrid ZK mouse can synthesize ______ different kinds of MHC II molecules to use in antigen presentation.

Answer 8

1; 12

Question 9

Two hybrid ZK mice mate. If there is no crossing over during germ cell development, the female mouse can make which of the following gametes?

Answer 9

MHC IZ and IIZ MHC IK and IIK

Question 10

A crossover in the ZK hybrid male mouse produces a recombinant haplotype, and the sperm bearing this haplotype fertilizes a non-recombinant egg from the hybrid female, producing a progeny mouse with genotype MHC IZ - IIZ/ IK – IIZ. Another way to write the genotype would be IZ-IK/IIZ-IIZ. The remaining siblings of the progeny litter do not have recombinant haplotypes. The progeny mouse could donate tissue to a ________ sib and receive tissue from a ______ sib without rejection.

Answer 10

IZ-IIZ/IK-IIK IZ-IIZ/IZ-IIZ

Question 11

The MHC molecule on the right _____ participate in cross presentation. This process requires the proximal domain(s) of the MHC to interact with ______.

Answer 11

may; CD8

Question 12

The MHC molecule on the left uses ______ as a chaperone and carries antigen that ______ in/from the binding cleft.

Answer 12

CLIP; lies flat

Question 13

MHC genotypes often increase or decrease susceptibility to diseases, but only rarely function in an all-or-nothing Mendelian manner. There are exceptions, however. There is an MHC I allele that absolutely protects a person from dying of ________. In addition there is another non-classical allele where being homozygous for the mutant (non-functional) form will guarantee that a person will suffer from ________.

Answer 13

HIV; hemochromatosis

Question 14

Cross presentation differs from classical display of antigen on MHC I in that only in cross presentation _________.

Answer 14

is the antigen derived from extracellular proteins

Question 15

Cross presentation and presentation of lipid antigens are similar in that they both require involvement of ________.

Answer 15

retrograde (from the cell’s periphery toward the nucleus) vesicle transport

Question 16

Consider the process of presentation of antigen on MHC II. Beginning with the synthesis of MHC II in the RER, order the following events, finishing with the MHC II-antigen complex extending outward from the cell. I. binding to residual clip II. binding of invariant chain III. travel through the Golgi IV. association with HLA-DM V. binding of antigen to distal cleft

Answer 16

1) binding of invariant chain 2) travel through the Golgi 3) binding to residual clip 4) association with HLA-DM 5) binding of antigen to distal cleft

Question 17

A deletion mutation of region III of the MHC haplotype would have the most direct effect on _______.

Answer 17

complement activation

Question 18

Ubiquitin is important in targeting proteins or peptides to the _______

Answer 18

proteasome

Question 19

In Hedrick and Davis’s three stage process aimed at identifying the TCR gene, messages for which of the following would have been included in the first round of messages isolated from the T cells?

Answer 19

CD3 co-receptors

Question 20

gamma-delta T cell receptors exhibit a more ________ range of different antigen binding sites than do αβ TCRs, _______ as a relative proportion of receptors curing development and use ________ set of CD3 co-receptor from/as those used by the αβ TCRs.

Answer 20

limited; decline; the same

Question 21

Rearrangement of the ______ TCR gene will remove the gene for the ______ subunit of the TCR.

Answer 21

α; δ

Question 22

The rearranged ______ TCR gene(s) will never have a D region, the rearranged ______ TCR genes will always have one D region and the ______ TCR genes can have 0, 1 or 2 D regions.

Answer 22

α and γ only not true for any of them δ only

Question 23

During T cell development, the structure labeled ______ is synthesized first and the structure labeled ______ is synthesized last (of the ones indicated).

Answer 23

B; A

Question 24

This shows a transcription factor important in preventing release from the thymus of cells that ______ by upregulating the production of proteins by _______ cells.

Answer 24

recognize self-proteins thymic epithelial

Question 25

As T cells develop from DN1 to DN3, they up-regulate levels of _______ and down-regulate levels of ________.

Answer 25

RAG 1 CD44

Question 26

During development, a TC cell will show the following sequence of co-receptors in its membrane.

Answer 26

DN, DP, CD8

Question 27

This drawing indicates a γ TCR ________.

Answer 27

message after processing

Question 28

Both P and N nucleotide addition take place during the gene rearrangements for every TCR peptide EXCEPT the _____.

Answer 28

Actually P and N nucleotide addition take place during the rearrangement of every joint in every TCR gene.

Question 29

In this diagram of a T cell lipid raft, which letter indicates the p56 Lck?

Answer 29

E

Question 30

In order for an antigen presenting cell (APC) to activate a T cell, it needs to stimulate the T cell with B7. B7 production is mostly likely to be activated by stimulation of the APC’s ____ receptors.

Answer 30

Toll-like

Question 31

This illustration shows a small cytokine with four ______domains, a motif common to the signals that bind Class I receptors. These receptors have at least one subunit with a (n) ________ domain.

Answer 31

α helix; WSXWS

Question 32

Which of these binds to a signal with this general structure?

Answer 32

F

Question 33

Which of these responds to IL17, initiating defensive responses?

Answer 33

E

Question 34

Which of these, related to ancient cell-recognition molecules, responds to c-Kit and IL-1, which are general up-regulators of cell division and inflammation?

Answer 34

B

Question 35

If a cytokine had different effects on different cell types, we would term these effects _____.

Answer 35

pleiotropic