Test 2 questions Flashcards
Match element of the Classical Complement Pathway with the homologous element of the Lectin Complement Pathway. Fc stem matches ___.
mannose
Match element of the Classical Complement Pathway with the homologous element of the Lectin Complement Pathway. C1q bundle matches ___.
MASP
Match element of the Classical Complement Pathway with the homologous element of the Lectin Complement Pathway. C1r and C1s matches ___.
MBL
Match element of the Classical Complement Pathway with the homologous element of the Lectin Complement Pathway. C3 convertase matches ___.
C4bC2a
Innate triggers activate two of the three complement pathways. Such triggers are biological molecules also likely to bind to _______.
Toll-like receptors
The model in this photograph illustrates a structure assembled after the insertion of ______ into the membrane and possibly made up of ______ C9 subunits.
C8; 12
Presentation of antigen on CD1 is similar to display on MHC I in that antigen is _______ and similar to presentation on MHC II in that the responding cell is a _______ cell.
held in the cleft between the first two domains; TH
A mouse from inbred strain K mates with a mouse from inbred strain Z. Z and K each have totally different MHC I and II alleles. If there is no crossing over in the MHC region, the male Z mouse can make ______ type(s) of sperm with respect to these alleles and the hybrid ZK mouse can synthesize ______ different kinds of MHC II molecules to use in antigen presentation.
1; 12
Two hybrid ZK mice mate. If there is no crossing over during germ cell development, the female mouse can make which of the following gametes?
MHC IZ and IIZ MHC IK and IIK
A crossover in the ZK hybrid male mouse produces a recombinant haplotype, and the sperm bearing this haplotype fertilizes a non-recombinant egg from the hybrid female, producing a progeny mouse with genotype MHC IZ - IIZ/ IK – IIZ. Another way to write the genotype would be IZ-IK/IIZ-IIZ. The remaining siblings of the progeny litter do not have recombinant haplotypes. The progeny mouse could donate tissue to a ________ sib and receive tissue from a ______ sib without rejection.
IZ-IIZ/IK-IIK IZ-IIZ/IZ-IIZ
The MHC molecule on the right _____ participate in cross presentation. This process requires the proximal domain(s) of the MHC to interact with ______.
may; CD8
The MHC molecule on the left uses ______ as a chaperone and carries antigen that ______ in/from the binding cleft.
CLIP; lies flat
MHC genotypes often increase or decrease susceptibility to diseases, but only rarely function in an all-or-nothing Mendelian manner. There are exceptions, however. There is an MHC I allele that absolutely protects a person from dying of ________. In addition there is another non-classical allele where being homozygous for the mutant (non-functional) form will guarantee that a person will suffer from ________.
HIV; hemochromatosis
Cross presentation differs from classical display of antigen on MHC I in that only in cross presentation _________.
is the antigen derived from extracellular proteins
Cross presentation and presentation of lipid antigens are similar in that they both require involvement of ________.
retrograde (from the cell’s periphery toward the nucleus) vesicle transport
Consider the process of presentation of antigen on MHC II. Beginning with the synthesis of MHC II in the RER, order the following events, finishing with the MHC II-antigen complex extending outward from the cell. I. binding to residual clip II. binding of invariant chain III. travel through the Golgi IV. association with HLA-DM V. binding of antigen to distal cleft
1) binding of invariant chain 2) travel through the Golgi 3) binding to residual clip 4) association with HLA-DM 5) binding of antigen to distal cleft
A deletion mutation of region III of the MHC haplotype would have the most direct effect on _______.
complement activation
Ubiquitin is important in targeting proteins or peptides to the _______
proteasome
In Hedrick and Davis’s three stage process aimed at identifying the TCR gene, messages for which of the following would have been included in the first round of messages isolated from the T cells?
CD3 co-receptors
gamma-delta T cell receptors exhibit a more ________ range of different antigen binding sites than do αβ TCRs, _______ as a relative proportion of receptors curing development and use ________ set of CD3 co-receptor from/as those used by the αβ TCRs.
limited; decline; the same
Rearrangement of the ______ TCR gene will remove the gene for the ______ subunit of the TCR.
α; δ
The rearranged ______ TCR gene(s) will never have a D region, the rearranged ______ TCR genes will always have one D region and the ______ TCR genes can have 0, 1 or 2 D regions.
α and γ only not true for any of them δ only
During T cell development, the structure labeled ______ is synthesized first and the structure labeled ______ is synthesized last (of the ones indicated).
B; A
This shows a transcription factor important in preventing release from the thymus of cells that ______ by upregulating the production of proteins by _______ cells.
recognize self-proteins thymic epithelial
As T cells develop from DN1 to DN3, they up-regulate levels of _______ and down-regulate levels of ________.
RAG 1 CD44
During development, a TC cell will show the following sequence of co-receptors in its membrane.
DN, DP, CD8
This drawing indicates a γ TCR ________.
message after processing
Both P and N nucleotide addition take place during the gene rearrangements for every TCR peptide EXCEPT the _____.
Actually P and N nucleotide addition take place during the rearrangement of every joint in every TCR gene.
In this diagram of a T cell lipid raft, which letter indicates the p56 Lck?
E
In order for an antigen presenting cell (APC) to activate a T cell, it needs to stimulate the T cell with B7. B7 production is mostly likely to be activated by stimulation of the APC’s ____ receptors.
Toll-like
This illustration shows a small cytokine with four ______domains, a motif common to the signals that bind Class I receptors. These receptors have at least one subunit with a (n) ________ domain.
α helix; WSXWS
Which of these binds to a signal with this general structure?
F
Which of these responds to IL17, initiating defensive responses?
E
Which of these, related to ancient cell-recognition molecules, responds to c-Kit and IL-1, which are general up-regulators of cell division and inflammation?
B
If a cytokine had different effects on different cell types, we would term these effects _____.
pleiotropic
