L21: Cancer

Question 1

_____ may trigger malignancy if they are over-expressed, under-expressed or flat out mutated into something abnormal.

Answer 1

proto-oncogenes or cellular oncogenes (c-onc)

Question 2

HTLV-1 virus is associated with ____

Answer 2

leukemia/lymphoma

Question 3

Herpes virus 8 co-infected with HIV is associated with ____

Answer 3

Kaposi’s sarcoma

Question 4

HPV is associated with ____

Answer 4

cervical cancer

Question 5

Hepatitis B is associated with ___

Answer 5

liver cancer

Question 6

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with ___

Answer 6

Burkitt’s lymphoma and nasopharyngeal

cancer

Question 7

Tumor suppressor genes

Answer 7

inhibit the rate of cell division.

Question 8

Upregulating ____ or making ___ nonfunctional would promote cancer by inhibiting apoptosis

Answer 8

bcl-2, FAS/FAS ligand

Question 9

Aneuploidy

Answer 9

the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell

Question 10

Many tumors down-regulate the production of ____, alerting NK cells. Nonetheless, it’s a bad sign when a tumor stops making ____.

Answer 10

MHC I, MHC I

Question 11

Cancer cells can evade the immune system by secretion of _____, which may recruit protect Treg cells.

Answer 11

tolergenic cytokines

Question 12

Many tumors do not produce the ___ signal necessary for the TH – CTL response.

Answer 12

B7

Question 13

Disease such as hepatitis and ulcers that result in chronic inflammation as associated with the development of ____

Answer 13

tumors

Question 14

Two-in-one antibodies can bind ___

Answer 14

-either of the two antigens on each arm, but only one antigen on each arm at a time (ie possible Two of the same antigen with one on each arm, or one antigen on one arm and one on the other.)