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Philosophy II > Test 3 Part 2 > Flashcards

Test 3 Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

According to Kant, the principles of Newtonian science are absolutely certain.

A

True

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2
Q

Which of the following is consistent with Bentham’s idea of pleasure?

A

He was interested chiefly in the quantitaive aspects of pleasure, thus, all actions are equally good if they produce the same amount of pleasure.

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3
Q

According to Kant, What is right for one person is not necessarily right for another

A

False

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4
Q

Kierkegaard distinguished between the spectator and the actor, arguing that only the actor is involved in existence.

A

True

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5
Q

Which of the following is consistent with Mill’s philosophy?

A

Happiness is defined as any action that produces pleasure.

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6
Q

Marxism affirms the primacy of the material order and regards mental activity as a secondary by-product.

A

True

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7
Q

According to Kant, earlier failed metaphysical investigations had tried to show how our knowledge must conform to objects. He proposed to show how objects must conform to our knowledge.

A

True

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8
Q

Kierkegaard’s supported the concepts of rational knowledge.

A

False

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9
Q

Kant’s use of regulative ideas exemplifies his way of mediating between dogmatic rationalism and skeptical empiricism.

A

True

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10
Q

According to Schopenhauer, human life “is a striving without aim or end.”

A

True

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11
Q

According to Bentham what should be the guiding rule of all social/poliotical decision making?

A

Utilitarianism

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12
Q

Regarding freedom of the will, Kant says that

A

morality would not be possible without it.

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13
Q

Kant believed that the principles of Newtonian science were reliable and absolutely certain.

A

True

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14
Q

Hegel describe how the universal mind develops over time through actions of

A

individuals, collections of people, and governments

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15
Q

Schopenhauer speaks of human desire as “endless striving,” and this impulse, working “without knowledge” through all nature, is finally “the will to live.”

A

False

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16
Q

According to Kant, the mind actively structures the world it believes it merely passively perceives.

A

True

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17
Q

Comte believed that religion is the key to the whole system, but instead of the worship of a supernatural being, religion should consists of the cult of humanity.

A

True

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18
Q

According to Nietzsche, we should strive for peace of mind.

A

False

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19
Q

Nietzsche was insane for the last years of his life.

A

True

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20
Q

According to Schopenhauer the will is found in:

A

Everything

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21
Q

The thrust of German idealism is that:

A

The mind is ultimately the source and content of knowledge- not physical objects or some mysteriousness thing in itself.

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22
Q

According to Nietzsche, the values of Christianity should be slightly modified to fit the problems of modern times.

A

False

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23
Q

Kant argued that both rationalism and empiricism presented inaccurate models of the knowledge process.

A

True

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24
Q

According to Mill, if a gang derives pleasure from beating an individual, then, according to the “greatest happiness” principle, the gang’s actions are moral.

A

False

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25
Q

According to Nietzsche, it is impossible to be world famous and to be an overman.

A

False

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26
Q

At what age did Hegel enroll in the theological; school at the University of Tubingen?

A

18

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27
Q

Which of the following, according to Bentham, is not one of the factors that influence an action’s pleasure or pain?

A

Moral correctness

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28
Q

Which is not one of the four sourcs which pleasure and pain come from?

A

Culture

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29
Q

On the idea of punishment, Bentham would agree with which of the following statements?

A

All punishments are in themselves evil.

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30
Q

According to Kant, a person who has a tendency to make good choices is morally superior to a person who has no tendency to make good choices.

A

False

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31
Q

According to Kant, ancient philosophers were wrong in believing that moderation was a good without qualification.

A

True

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32
Q

Jeremy Bentham was a follower of Mill’s.

A

False

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33
Q

What were the views in which Bentham and Mill managed to dramatically influence the direction of Western philosophy?

A

Moral and Political

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34
Q

Who was the first German idealist to recognize a glaring contradiction in Kant’s metaphysical argument?

A

Johann Fichte

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35
Q

According to Mill, it is impossible to make a choice that is not guided by the desire to maximize pleasure and minimize pain.

A

True

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36
Q

According to Schopenhauer “desire” products all the following except:

A

Pleasure

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37
Q

Utilitarianism is a kind of epicureanism.

A

True

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38
Q

In which of Hegel’s selections does he refer how universal mind develops over time through actions of individuals, collections of people, and governments.

A

World History

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39
Q

Reading David Hume awakened Kant from his “dogmatic slumber.”

A

True

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40
Q

According to Mill, the goal of human actions is “the greatest good for the greatest number” of people.

A

True

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41
Q

Who was one of Britain’s most influential moral and political philosophers, and for a short time served in the British parliament?

A

John Stuart Mill

42
Q

According to Schopenhauer, physical objects exist and are causally related in space and time. In this realm PSR explains being.

A

False

43
Q

What were Comte’s three stages of law?

A

Theological, Metaphysical, and Positivistic

44
Q

According to Schopenhauer, human life turns out to be by a gift for enjoyment.

A

False

45
Q

Benthasm made an especially impressive use of the principle of utility in connection with

A

Law and Punishment

46
Q

Kant argued that time and space are internal concepts that the mind uses to shape reality.

A

True

47
Q

For Schopenhauer the term “world” means all of the following of except?

A

The mind

48
Q

According to Kant, each person has his or her own unique duty.

A

False

49
Q

The worker’s lives would be terribly dehumanized by what Marx calls “the alienation of labor.”

A

True

50
Q

How did Comte try to reform society and philosophy?

A

By developing a scence of society, namely, positivism.

51
Q

According to Hegel, history is mind clothing itself with the form of _______.

A

Events

52
Q

According to Kant, no human has ever known or ever will know the ultimate nature of reality.

A

True

53
Q

In how many ways does Mill’s version of utilitarianism differ from Bentham’s?

A

3

54
Q

When Nietzsche said that “God is dead,” he actually meant that God had abandoned the universe because humans were too sinful.

A

False

55
Q

A revaluation of values

A

A) would ask the question: What values does true morality endorse?

56
Q

According to Neitzsche, the greatest philosophers are those who question traditional values.

A

True

57
Q

According to Schopenhauer, “the life of every individual…is really always a tragedy, but gone through in detail, it has the character of a comedy.”

A

True

58
Q

According to the text, the philosophers before Kant made the error of viewing the mind as something passive rather than active.

A

True

59
Q

According to Hegel, God is identical with all of nature, therefore, God is found also in the configurations o culture and civilization, therefore he is a materialistic monist.

A

False

60
Q

According to Hegel “Nature” is the realm of necessity whereas “Spirit” is the realm of:

A

Freedom

61
Q

In describing the human condition, Kierkegaard distinguished between what we now are and what we ought to be. That is, there is a movement from our essence to our existence.

A

True

62
Q

What does it mean that God is dead?

A

nihilism threatens

63
Q

According to Kant, empiricists, rationalists, and skeptics would have to agree on at least one thing: For knowledge to occur, the mind must receive accurate information about external reality.

A

True

64
Q

According to Schopenhauer, in addition to perception we are able to formulate?

A

Abstract concepts

65
Q

According to Mill, if obeying God’s commandments produced more pain than pleasure, then that action would be immoral.

A

True

66
Q

The German approach to idealism had George Berkley’s work as its philosophical starting point.

A

False

67
Q

For Marx history will end with the emergence of socialism and, finally, communism.

A

True

68
Q

According to Schopenhauer, abstract concepts are within the realm of logic. In this realm of PSR explains the ways of becoming or change.

A

False

69
Q

Kant lived in Ireland all his life.

A

False

70
Q

According to Nietzsche, the purpose of each human’s life is self-perfection.

A

True

71
Q

According to Kant, all knowledge in the mind comes through the senses.

A

False

72
Q

Kant argues that it is acting from duty, not from will, that makes us moral individuals.

A

False

73
Q

According to Schopenhauer, we are like puppets “set in motion by internal clockwork.”

A

True

74
Q

According to Hegel, what makes Nature knowable is that its essence is Mind, and what produces history is the continuous struggle of Mind to realize itself in perfect form.

A

True

75
Q

According to Kant, we must make choices we would want everyone to make.

A

True

76
Q

Kant would support the following moral principle: one ought to seek “…the greatest good for the greatest number”

A

False

77
Q

According to Kant, the world the mind knows cannot exist independently of the mind that knows it.

A

True

78
Q

Which of the following statements is not true about John Stuart Mill?

A

Mill was completely against his father’s ideas.

79
Q

According to Nietzsche, the meek should perish from the earth.

A

True

80
Q

Which of the following statements would Kant agree with?

A

A good will that does not achieve positive results is just as good as a good will that does achieve positive results.

81
Q

According to Kierkegaard our essential human nature involves a relation to God, and our existential condition is a consequence of our alienation from God.

A

True

82
Q

According to Kierkegaard,rational, mathematical, and scientific thought are capable of guiding us to a genuine existence.

A

False

83
Q

According to Schopenhauer, individual humans beings do have value for nature.

A

False

84
Q

According to Mill moral actions are those which produce what?

A

Good

85
Q

As a metaphysical theory idealism in general is the view that the universe is composed solely of mental (spiritual) things, there is in reality no material stuff.

A

True

86
Q

Kant was born in the fifteenth century.

A

False

87
Q

Kierkegaard dialectic involves the progressive actualization of the individual.

A

True

88
Q

According to Kant, knowledge begins with sense experience but is not entirely produced by sense experience.

A

True

89
Q

Which of the following philosophers would Mill most strongly agree with?

A

Epicurus

90
Q

Where was Bentham born?

A

London

91
Q

According to Kant, when you act morally,

A

you use your reason to deduce your actions from your principles.

92
Q

Comte assumed that we can overcome the pitfalls of subjectivity by “transforming the human brain into a perfect mirror of the external order.”

A

True

93
Q

According to Marx, workers feel exploited and struggle against their exploiter.

A

True

94
Q

According to Kierkegaard, the relationship between God and each individual is a unique and subjective experience.

A

True

95
Q

Which of the following best defines Bentham’s principle of utility?

A

A principle which approves or disapproves of every action whatsoever, according to the tendency which it appears to augment or dimish happiness.

96
Q

The German approach to idealism had Democritus’ philosophy as its starting point.

A

False

97
Q

According to Schopenhauer, the lowest being or the highest is driven by the same force, the desire for love.

A

False

98
Q

According to Marx, dialectical materialism is the economic law of motion (conflict) of modern society.

A

True

99
Q

According to Hegel, history consists in the gradual self-realization of God in the sequence of time.

A

True

100
Q

Fichte was one of the first German idealist to recognize the consistency in Kant’s “things-in-themselves” argument.

A

False

Philosophy II (8 decks)

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