Test 3 Part 2 Flashcards
According to Kant, the principles of Newtonian science are absolutely certain.
True
Which of the following is consistent with Bentham’s idea of pleasure?
He was interested chiefly in the quantitaive aspects of pleasure, thus, all actions are equally good if they produce the same amount of pleasure.
According to Kant, What is right for one person is not necessarily right for another
False
Kierkegaard distinguished between the spectator and the actor, arguing that only the actor is involved in existence.
True
Which of the following is consistent with Mill’s philosophy?
Happiness is defined as any action that produces pleasure.
Marxism affirms the primacy of the material order and regards mental activity as a secondary by-product.
True
According to Kant, earlier failed metaphysical investigations had tried to show how our knowledge must conform to objects. He proposed to show how objects must conform to our knowledge.
True
Kierkegaard’s supported the concepts of rational knowledge.
False
Kant’s use of regulative ideas exemplifies his way of mediating between dogmatic rationalism and skeptical empiricism.
True
According to Schopenhauer, human life “is a striving without aim or end.”
True
According to Bentham what should be the guiding rule of all social/poliotical decision making?
Utilitarianism
Regarding freedom of the will, Kant says that
morality would not be possible without it.
Kant believed that the principles of Newtonian science were reliable and absolutely certain.
True
Hegel describe how the universal mind develops over time through actions of
individuals, collections of people, and governments
Schopenhauer speaks of human desire as “endless striving,” and this impulse, working “without knowledge” through all nature, is finally “the will to live.”
False
According to Kant, the mind actively structures the world it believes it merely passively perceives.
True
Comte believed that religion is the key to the whole system, but instead of the worship of a supernatural being, religion should consists of the cult of humanity.
True
According to Nietzsche, we should strive for peace of mind.
False
Nietzsche was insane for the last years of his life.
True
According to Schopenhauer the will is found in:
Everything
The thrust of German idealism is that:
The mind is ultimately the source and content of knowledge- not physical objects or some mysteriousness thing in itself.
According to Nietzsche, the values of Christianity should be slightly modified to fit the problems of modern times.
False
Kant argued that both rationalism and empiricism presented inaccurate models of the knowledge process.
True
According to Mill, if a gang derives pleasure from beating an individual, then, according to the “greatest happiness” principle, the gang’s actions are moral.
False
According to Nietzsche, it is impossible to be world famous and to be an overman.
False
At what age did Hegel enroll in the theological; school at the University of Tubingen?
18
Which of the following, according to Bentham, is not one of the factors that influence an action’s pleasure or pain?
Moral correctness
Which is not one of the four sourcs which pleasure and pain come from?
Culture
On the idea of punishment, Bentham would agree with which of the following statements?
All punishments are in themselves evil.
According to Kant, a person who has a tendency to make good choices is morally superior to a person who has no tendency to make good choices.
False
According to Kant, ancient philosophers were wrong in believing that moderation was a good without qualification.
True
Jeremy Bentham was a follower of Mill’s.
False
What were the views in which Bentham and Mill managed to dramatically influence the direction of Western philosophy?
Moral and Political
Who was the first German idealist to recognize a glaring contradiction in Kant’s metaphysical argument?
Johann Fichte
According to Mill, it is impossible to make a choice that is not guided by the desire to maximize pleasure and minimize pain.
True
According to Schopenhauer “desire” products all the following except:
Pleasure
Utilitarianism is a kind of epicureanism.
True
In which of Hegel’s selections does he refer how universal mind develops over time through actions of individuals, collections of people, and governments.
World History
Reading David Hume awakened Kant from his “dogmatic slumber.”
True
According to Mill, the goal of human actions is “the greatest good for the greatest number” of people.
True
Who was one of Britain’s most influential moral and political philosophers, and for a short time served in the British parliament?
John Stuart Mill
According to Schopenhauer, physical objects exist and are causally related in space and time. In this realm PSR explains being.
False
What were Comte’s three stages of law?
Theological, Metaphysical, and Positivistic
According to Schopenhauer, human life turns out to be by a gift for enjoyment.
False
Benthasm made an especially impressive use of the principle of utility in connection with
Law and Punishment
Kant argued that time and space are internal concepts that the mind uses to shape reality.
True
For Schopenhauer the term “world” means all of the following of except?
The mind
According to Kant, each person has his or her own unique duty.
False
The worker’s lives would be terribly dehumanized by what Marx calls “the alienation of labor.”
True
How did Comte try to reform society and philosophy?
By developing a scence of society, namely, positivism.
According to Hegel, history is mind clothing itself with the form of _______.
Events
According to Kant, no human has ever known or ever will know the ultimate nature of reality.
True
In how many ways does Mill’s version of utilitarianism differ from Bentham’s?
3
When Nietzsche said that “God is dead,” he actually meant that God had abandoned the universe because humans were too sinful.
False
A revaluation of values
A) would ask the question: What values does true morality endorse?
According to Neitzsche, the greatest philosophers are those who question traditional values.
True
According to Schopenhauer, “the life of every individual…is really always a tragedy, but gone through in detail, it has the character of a comedy.”
True
According to the text, the philosophers before Kant made the error of viewing the mind as something passive rather than active.
True
According to Hegel, God is identical with all of nature, therefore, God is found also in the configurations o culture and civilization, therefore he is a materialistic monist.
False
According to Hegel “Nature” is the realm of necessity whereas “Spirit” is the realm of:
Freedom
In describing the human condition, Kierkegaard distinguished between what we now are and what we ought to be. That is, there is a movement from our essence to our existence.
True
What does it mean that God is dead?
nihilism threatens
According to Kant, empiricists, rationalists, and skeptics would have to agree on at least one thing: For knowledge to occur, the mind must receive accurate information about external reality.
True
According to Schopenhauer, in addition to perception we are able to formulate?
Abstract concepts
According to Mill, if obeying God’s commandments produced more pain than pleasure, then that action would be immoral.
True
The German approach to idealism had George Berkley’s work as its philosophical starting point.
False
For Marx history will end with the emergence of socialism and, finally, communism.
True
According to Schopenhauer, abstract concepts are within the realm of logic. In this realm of PSR explains the ways of becoming or change.
False
Kant lived in Ireland all his life.
False
According to Nietzsche, the purpose of each human’s life is self-perfection.
True
According to Kant, all knowledge in the mind comes through the senses.
False
Kant argues that it is acting from duty, not from will, that makes us moral individuals.
False
According to Schopenhauer, we are like puppets “set in motion by internal clockwork.”
True
According to Hegel, what makes Nature knowable is that its essence is Mind, and what produces history is the continuous struggle of Mind to realize itself in perfect form.
True
According to Kant, we must make choices we would want everyone to make.
True
Kant would support the following moral principle: one ought to seek “…the greatest good for the greatest number”
False
According to Kant, the world the mind knows cannot exist independently of the mind that knows it.
True
Which of the following statements is not true about John Stuart Mill?
Mill was completely against his father’s ideas.
According to Nietzsche, the meek should perish from the earth.
True
Which of the following statements would Kant agree with?
A good will that does not achieve positive results is just as good as a good will that does achieve positive results.
According to Kierkegaard our essential human nature involves a relation to God, and our existential condition is a consequence of our alienation from God.
True
According to Kierkegaard,rational, mathematical, and scientific thought are capable of guiding us to a genuine existence.
False
According to Schopenhauer, individual humans beings do have value for nature.
False
According to Mill moral actions are those which produce what?
Good
As a metaphysical theory idealism in general is the view that the universe is composed solely of mental (spiritual) things, there is in reality no material stuff.
True
Kant was born in the fifteenth century.
False
Kierkegaard dialectic involves the progressive actualization of the individual.
True
According to Kant, knowledge begins with sense experience but is not entirely produced by sense experience.
True
Which of the following philosophers would Mill most strongly agree with?
Epicurus
Where was Bentham born?
London
According to Kant, when you act morally,
you use your reason to deduce your actions from your principles.
Comte assumed that we can overcome the pitfalls of subjectivity by “transforming the human brain into a perfect mirror of the external order.”
True
According to Marx, workers feel exploited and struggle against their exploiter.
True
According to Kierkegaard, the relationship between God and each individual is a unique and subjective experience.
True
Which of the following best defines Bentham’s principle of utility?
A principle which approves or disapproves of every action whatsoever, according to the tendency which it appears to augment or dimish happiness.
The German approach to idealism had Democritus’ philosophy as its starting point.
False
According to Schopenhauer, the lowest being or the highest is driven by the same force, the desire for love.
False
According to Marx, dialectical materialism is the economic law of motion (conflict) of modern society.
True
According to Hegel, history consists in the gradual self-realization of God in the sequence of time.
True
Fichte was one of the first German idealist to recognize the consistency in Kant’s “things-in-themselves” argument.
False
