Test 3 Part 1 Flashcards
According to Kant, any future metaphysics will have to be based upon an analysis of the mind’s operations.
True
According to Kierkegaard, the most poignant moments in life are personal, when we becomes aware of ourselves as a part of objective reality.
False
According to Nietzsche, God is dead.
True
For Schopenhauer willing and ______ are not two different things but rather one and the same thing.
Action
According to Hegel, moral duty derives from the requirement of identifying a person’s individual will with the universal will.
True
As a metaphysical theory idealism in general is the view that the universe is composed solely of mental – or spiritual- things; there is no material stuff.
True
According to Hegel we express our freedom most concretely by an act of:
Will
The initial rigor of positivism is suggested by Comte’s clear statement that “any proposition which does not admit of being ultimately reduced to a simple enunciation of fact, special or general, can have no real or intelligible sense.”
True
According to Kant, almost nothing can be known for certain.
False
Which of the following is a true statement about the will to power?
None of These
Hegel believed that everything that is, is knowable.
True
Utilitarianism can be defined as an ethical theory associated with Bentham and Mill that an action is morally good if it produces as much good as or more good than any alternative behavior.
True
According to Hegel, in religion universal spirit exists in the form of what?
Feeling and pictorial imaginative thinking
Kierkegaard insists that existence must refer to a quality in the individual, namely his conscious participation in an act.
True
In Kant’s view, it is the world that shapes the mind, rather than vice versa.
False
What was Mill’s purpose in writing his famous essay on Utilitarianism?
To defend the principle of utility.
According to Marx, the ownership of property divides the society between those who have and those who do not.
True
For Kierkegaard, what is “out there” can be known with “an objective certainty.”
False
Marx’s prediction that the capitalist order would succeed was based on this notion that the changes in the quantitative factors in capitalism would inevitably support capitalism.
False
Schopenhauer portrays the realm of nature as a fierce struggle where the will to live inevitably produces conflict and destruction.
True
The categorical imperative
forbids manipulation of others for our own purposes.
According to Kant, the only unqualified good thing in the world is a good will.
True
According to Kierkegaard,only an act of faith can assure me of my personal relationship to God.
True
According to Nietzsche, one of the overman’s greatest accomplishments is self-transformation.
True
According to Bentahm,
punishment should not be inflected in four particular situations.
A Superperson, as Nietzsche portrays him,
remains faithful to the earth.
Morality for Kant is, therefore, an aspect of rationality and has to do with our consciousness of rules or “laws” of behavior which we consider universal and necessary.
True
The scientific study of society is called psychology.
False
Kant is a moral relativist, one who holds that there are no absolute moral values.
False
According to Kant, it is possible to have all our good actions fail and still be a good person.
True
According to Schopenhauer a person could achieve periodic moments of happiness is he reduced
Human Desire
According to Schopenhauer, the will to live has no other purpose than to continue the life cycle of life.
True
According to Kant, space is not a concept learned from sense experience but a concept that makes sense experience possible.
True
Who was the ablest advocate of utilitarianism?
Mill
Kierkegaard underscored that even when we have knowledge we are still in the predicament of having to make a decision.
True
According to Nietzsche, all of life is driven by the will to power.
True
According to Kant, nature gives its laws to the mind.
False
Which phioloopher had a long romance wih Harriet Taylor?
Mill
Kant believed that there existed a noumenal realm of things-in-themselves, even though we can never access it.
True
According to Kant, a good will is one that
Wills to do its duty
According to Schopenhauer, I do not know a more real world than the I one I perceive.
True
According to Schopenhauer, mathematical objects within realm of PRS explains being.
True
Which philosoper was called the founder of positive philosophy?
Comte
Nietzsche was born and died in which of the following centuries?
Nineteenth
Which of the following statements would Kant agree with?
Will is nothing but practical reason
Kant held that our minds are structured in such a way that we are forever barred from going beyond the realm of sense experience; that is, the realm of phenomena.
True
According to Nietzsche, the greatest people are those who serve God.
False
Mill defends the notion of individual freedom by saying that:
As long as others are not harmed by our conduct, then we should be free to engage in almost any activity we please, without government interference.
Comte’s chief objective was the total reorganization of society by developing a science of society.
True
According to Kant, Newtonian science is not a description of ultimate reality.
True
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel was a philosopher from what country?
Germany
According to Nietzsche, a hero like Martin Luther King should be praised more for what he made of himself than for what he did for others.
True
Comte’s chief objective was the total reorganization of _______?
Society
According to Kant, only a wise individual can have a truly good will.
False
According to Marx, change means the emergence of new structures and novel forms.
True
According to Kant, the moral universe compels us to postulate the existence of God as the ground for the necessary connection between virtue and happiness.
True
According to this theory, moral actions are those which produce the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
Utilitarian
What was Mill’s moral theory of utilitarianism?
General Happiness
According to Kierkegaard, only a person who is engaged in conscious activity of will and choice can be truly said to exist.
True
Which of the following statements is consistent with Mill’s philosophy?
The quality of a pleasure is more important than the quantity of a pleasure.
According to Hegel, what are the four specific periods of historical development?
Oriental, Greek, Roman, and Germanic
Marxism holds that there is a fundamental “contradiction within the very essence of things” causing the dialectic movement.
True
According to positivism, we should reject any investigation that does not rest on what?
Direct Observation
In Kant’s view, to be moral individuals, our will should obey our inclinations.
False
According to Nietzsche, the old way is the good way.
False
I am autonomous in the realm of morality in the sense that
I am a legislator of the moral law for myself
According to Hegel, Absolute Spirit of Mind is God.
True
According to Kant, both Aristotle and Plato shared a copy model of knowledge.
True
According to Hegel, God is the whole of reality, therefore he is a dualist.
False
According to Marx, all things are related to each other causally; nothing floats freely, therefore there is free will.
False
Positivism says we should reject any investigation that does not rest on direct observation.
True
Which was an issue for Comte?
How to maintain social unity
According to Nietzsche, God does not exist.
True
Bentham argued that ethical hedonism is the opposite of psychological hedonism.
False
According to Kant, the twelve categories of the understanding are innate ideas.
False
Schopenhauer says, “men are only apparently drawn from in front; really, they are pushed from behind; it is not life that tempts them on, but necessity that drives them forward.”
True
According to Nietzsche, there is no such thing as Christian sin.
True
According to Kant, the mind can know truths independently of the senses.
False
In Mill’s view, physical pleasures are lower, or less desirable, than mental pleasures.
True
According to Marx, the material order consists of (1) the factors of production and (2) the relations of production.
True
Hegel believed that religion and philosophy have basically the same subject matter, that both represent “knowledge of that which is eternal, of what God is, and what flows out of his nature,” so that “region and philosophy come to the same thing.”
True
According to Schopenhauer, the self within the realm of PRS explains the law of motivation.
True
According to Schopenhauer there are four types of objects that give rise to different kinds of ideas, which of these is not an idea stated by him?
Reason
In Mill’s view, a morally right action is an action that promotes happiness.
True
Kant is a nonconsequentialist.
True
Jeremy Bentham showed early signs of
Unusual intelectual abilities
According to Nietzsche, the overman is the individual in the state who has the greatest power over others.
False
To think in terms of existence meant for Kierkegaard to recognize that we face personal choices.
True
The main difference between master morality and slave morality is that
one morality is founded in affirmation and the other in resentment.
According to Kant, the mind gives its laws to nature.
True
Hegel centered his thought around the notion of Spirit or Mind.
True
In Nietzsche’s view, Plato’s dualistic metaphysics provided a correct model of reality.
False
Truth, Kierkegaard said, is objective.
False
According to Hegel, what are the two names given to consciousness?
The Master and the Bondsman
The key question for a nonconsequentialist, according to the Kant, is “What is the moral rule that a choice must obey?”
True
According to Mill, all pleasures are equally pleasurable.
False
Kant’s categorical imperative states that one should “act as though the maxim of your will should by your action become a universal law.”
False
According to Comte, how many main divisions do human prvidence contain?
4
The supreme principle of morality, Kant tells us,
forbids applying rules to others we don’t apply to ourselves.
John Stuart Mill lived all his adult life in Germany.
False
