Test 2 Part 1 Flashcards
According to Rousseau money “buys everything else, it cannot buy morals and citizens.
True
According to Berkeley, there is no knowledge in our minds that did not come through our senses.
True
According to Hobbes, unless the rules of the social contract are enforced by the will of the people, everything will collapse again into the state of nature.
False
According to Hobbes, the first law of nature is that everyone ought to “seek peace and follow it,” because this law is a logical extension of mu concern for survival.
True
Simple ideas cannot be created by the mind.
Consistent
According to Rousseau, his boarding school education, “we were to learn…all the insignificant trash that has obtained the name of education.”
True
Augustine claims to be able to refute skepticism by
showing that the supposition that we could be mistaken about everything is absurd
According to Plato, there are two levels of reality: The lower physical level is a copy of the higher non-physical level.
True
Augustine believed no one could achieve salvation without the grace of God.
True
According to Locke, infants are born with knowledge that was not acquired through their senses.
False
Locke held that the mind at birth was like a blank tablet.
True
The principle of cause and effect is an important basis of scientific observation.
True
According to Hume, our senses can never provide us with absolute certainty.
True
Sitting in a sauna is a
Kinematic Pleasure
According to Hume, there is more truth in the multiplication tables than there is in any science based on observation.
True
Deism is the view that God created the world and guides history.
False
Despite Hume’s admiration for Newton, Hume held that there was nothing in nature that testified to a divine designer.
True
According to Berkeley, we have sense knowledge of matter.
False
According to Hume, it is 100 percent certain that the sun will rise tomorrow.
False
According to Epictetus, love is the highest virtue.
False
Plato is an empiricist.
False
According to Rousseau morals had been corrupted by the replacement of religion with science, by sensuality in art, licentiousness in literature, and by the emphasis on logic at the expense of feeling.
True
Which school of philosophy would say: “Just as a target is not set up to be missed, in the same way nothing bad by nature happens in the world.”
Stoicism
According to Hobbes, human life
is just a motion of limbs
According to Epictetus, because our free choices shape our destiny, Fate is an illusion.
False
If the nature of reality is a system of bodies in motion, this implies that human nature and human thought can be viewed in organic living terms.
False
According to Holbach, religion originated in ancient times among savage and ignorant peoples and was reinforced through fear by leaders who saw it as a convenient way to control people.
True
According to Locke, everyone is born with an idea of God.
False
Which of the following statements would Epicurus agree with?
A) Natural desires are divided between necessary and unnecessary desires.
According to Rousseau, “Man is born free; and everywhere he is in chains.”
True
Which of the following is the best paraphrase of a key idea of Epictetus?
A) It is not things that disturb humans, but our judgments about them.
Which school of philosophy would say: “The matter proposed is either a sense-object or a thought-object, but whichever it is, it is an object of controversy.”
Skepticism
Plato founded a school, the Academy, that could be termed Europe’s first university.
True
Augustine held that reason and faith were incompatible in the understanding the nature of reality.
False
If everything in the universe operates within the same laws of motion, the possibility of a “free will” become problematic.
True
Rousseau directed his attack against luxury and against political leaders who emphasized the economic aspects of politics.
True
Augustine’s theory of true happiness requires that we go beyond the natural to the supernatural.
True
According to Hobbes, rationalism to the correct path to knowledge.
False
According to Hume, we can know for certain that God does not exist.
False
According to Holbach, we are not free agents in any single instant of our lives.
True
According to Epictetus, our lives should be guided by love, not reason.
False
According to Berkeley, because to be is to be perceived, if all humans died, all reality would vanish (because reality is no longer perceived by anyone).
False
Our idea of an object, such as a table, is an accurate copy of the table itself.
False
According to Herbert the following are universally true common notions: (1) There exists a supreme God, (2) we should worship him, (3) the best from of worship consists of proper moral behavior, (4) we should repent for our immoral conduct, and (5) we will be rewarded or punished in the afterlife for our conduct of earth.
True
Rousseau rejected the doctrine of original sin and argued the origin of evil is found in the later stages of human development in society.
True
A result of the scientific revolution was that the universe was viewed as a system of bodies in motion, so now all other aspects of nature were described as bodies in motion.
True
Augustine believed that all human beings are born essentially good but are corrupted by the sins they commit.
False
The Encyclopedie set goals of combating superstition, intolerance, and dogmatism.
True
Socrates, by only two years, outlived Plato.
False
According to Hume, a causal relationship is identical to a sequential relationship.
False
According to Plato, rule by the wise, not democracy, is the best form of government.
True
Plato, unlike the pre-Socratics, was a metaphysical dualist.
True
We have no direct knowledge of matter.
Consistent
The philosophes were for the most part were conservative voices who did not challenged the traditional forms of thought concerning religion, government, and morality.
False
Unlike Plotinus, Augustine holds that
B) the created world is not continuous with the being of God
According to Hobbes, in a state of nature men are superior to women.
False
Locke argues that we have no direct sense knowledge of matter.
True
According to Rousseau, in the state of nature people are motivated by “a natural sentiment which inclines every animal to watch over his own preservation, and which, directed in people by reason and pity, produces humanity and virtue,” therefore supporting Hobbes’ position.
False
Epictetus held that God is all powerful, all wise, and all good.
True
According to Plato, if triangles didn’t exist, the Form of Triangle wouldn’t exist.
False
According to Hobbes, the only way to transform multiple wills into a single will is to agree that the sovereign’s single will and judgment represent the will and judgments of the all the citizens.
True
Augustine believed that by an act of the human will an individual was capable of achieving salvation on their own.
False
Herbert states our minds contain instinctive “common notions” that are universally true.
True
The Forms are
Eternal
Augustine held that human reason is absolutely certain of the principle of contradiction.
True
According to Hume, every idea can be traced back to a sense impression.
True
Which of the following is not a primary quality?
Taste
Sin, according to Augustine, is
having a disordered love life.
According to Hobbes, a natural law “is a precept, or general rule, fund out by reason,” telling what to do and what not to do.
True
According to the Skeptics, most of our knowledge is based on perceptions for which we have no criterion of truth.
True
According to Hume, the existence of the self can be proved by the senses.
False
According to Hume,
our mind is said to be the unchanging producer of our thoughts, but we have no internal impression of anything unchanging and therefore we have no evidence that our mind exists
The decisive bridge between classical philosophy and Augustine was the writings of Plotinus.
True
The philosophes believed that human faith provides the most reliable guide to human destiny.
False
According to Plato, the soul is immortal.
True
According to Holbach, the true system of nature, divorced from all religious superstition, is dualistic.
False
Augustine was attracted to the Manicheans because they
Seemed to deal with the problem of evil in a rational manner
According to Plato, nothing for certain can be known about anything that changes.
True
According to Plato, perfect Beauty exists.
True
According to Plato, the body is the prison of the soul.
True
Hume argues that, in the case of a cause-and-effect relationship, we can never make the observation of constant conjunction.
True
Plato inherited the doctrine of the Forms from Heraclitus.
False
During Plato’s life, Athens fought, and lost, a war with Sparta.
True
Plato was born in Sparta, but when he was a youth his parents moved to Athens.
False
Which of the following is the best paraphrase of a key idea from Epictetus?
It is better to die of hunger, but in a state of freedom from grief and fear, than to live in plenty, but with a troubled mind.
In Locke’s view, both color and sound are secondary qualities.
True
According to Plato, the highest principle in reality is the essence of Goodness.
True
In Locke’s view, only the idea of God’s existence is an innate idea.
False
According to Epictetus, self-control is one of the highest virtues.
True
According to Plato, perfect Justice exists.
True
According to Hobbes, thinking is a variation of self-reflection.
False
According to Plato, the mind can know truths independently of any information from the senses.
True
Plato like his teacher Socrates left no written record of his ideas.
False
The Forms are not
Physical
A good and happy life, Augustine thinks, is
the result of God’s grace
All our ideas come from experience, Locke says – that is, from
Sensation and Reflection
Sextus argued that if our knowledge comes from experience or sense impression then there is all the more reason to doubt the adequacy of all knowledge.
True
Which of the following is a true statement about Plato’s Forms?
The forms are originals that all physical things copy
According to Holbach, human beings emerged in the natural course of events on this planet and have no privileged place in nature above other living things.
True
According to Plato, a true philospher is regarded as a fool by the majority of the people.
True
