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Philosophy II > Test 2 Part 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which school of philosophy would say: “of things that wisdom prepares for insuring lifelong happiness, by far the greatest is the possession of friends.”

A

Epicureanism

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2
Q

According to Hume, nothing can be known for certain.

A

False

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3
Q

For Augustine true philosophy was inconceivable without a joining of faith and reason.

A

True

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4
Q

According to Plato, might makes right.

A

False

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5
Q

According to Hobbes, knowledge of consequences is hypothetical or conditional but is based on logic.

A

False

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6
Q

Which school of philosophy would say: “Do not seek to have events happen as you want them to, but instead want them to happen as they do happen, and your life will go well.”

A

Stoicism

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7
Q

Locke was, for most of his adult life, a close adviser of the king of England.

A

False

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8
Q

According to deism, there are special appearances, miracles, prophecies, or divine composed scriptures.

A

False

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9
Q

According to Hobbes, the power of the sovereign must be absolute in order to secure the conditions of order, peace, and law.

A

True

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10
Q

According to Hobbes, if you peel off the veneer of civilization, what you are left with are individuals in conflict.

A

True

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11
Q

According to Plato, our reason exists to effectively serve our desire.

A

False

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12
Q

In the “Allegory of the Cave,” the sun is a symbol for

A

The Form of the Good

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13
Q

For most philosophers in the Middle Ages there was not a close bond between theology and philosophy.

A

False

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14
Q

A result of the scientific revolution was that the unique dignity, value, or special status of human beings in the nature of things is uplifted.

A

False

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15
Q

According to Plato, the majority of the people are foolish.

A

True

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16
Q

Plato holds that some Forms, but not all, are made of matter.

A

False

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17
Q

According to Aristotle, happiness is achieved when people fulfill their natural functions through a well-balanced life.

A

True

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18
Q

According to Rousseau, what keeps a society together is natural law.

A

False

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19
Q

Hume adopts Newton’s motto, “frame no hypotheses,” in order to

A

construct a science of human nature on the basis of the facts

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20
Q

According to Hume, the design of the universe is evidence of God’s existence.

A

False

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21
Q

According to Plato, just as the form of triangle consists of truths about Triangleness, so the Form of Square consists of truths about Squareness and the form of Sphere consists of truths about Sphereness.

A

True

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22
Q

According to Locke, not only do we have sense knowledge of the qualities of an object, but we also have sense knowledge of the matter of an object.

A

False

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23
Q

Which school of philosophy would say: “Universal Nature’s impulse was to create an orderly world.”

A

Stoicism

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24
Q

The Greeks considered happiness to be the culmination of the good life.

A

True

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25
Q

Which of the following is not a true statement about the realm of Forms?

A

The real of Forms contains the Forms of Godliness

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26
Q

Skeptics held that “no truth can be comprehended by human beings.”

A

True

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27
Q

Berkeley argued that, because we have no sense knowledge of matter, we must conclude that matter is merely a substratum of the qualities we know with our senses.

A

False

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28
Q

According to Hume, insofar as a philosopher is a rationalist, to that degree the philosopher is wrong.

A

True

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29
Q

One crucial step in Augustine’s argument that God must exist is this:

A

Either nothing superior to truth or there is something superior to truth

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30
Q

Plato established the first university.

A

True

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31
Q

According to Plato, we should have faith that God exists.

A

False

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32
Q

According to Plato, perfect Courage exists.

A

True

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33
Q

Which of the following statements would Hume agree with?

A

We think we observe one event causing another event, but all we really observe is one event preceding another event

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34
Q

Which of the following is not a secondary quality?

A

Texture

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35
Q

The Form of Triangle is

A

independent of all physical triangles

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36
Q

If there were no Form of Triangle, then physical triangles would not exist.

A

True

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37
Q

According to Hobbes, morality and law are simply the best means available, the only means to stave off imminent death and the possible loss of felicity (great happiness). Being moral and law-abiding is no more than a smart strategy for self-preservation.

A

True

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38
Q

According to Locke, no idea in a child’s mind is innate.

A

Consistent

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39
Q

Plotinus held that evil is not a positive reality but rather a matter of privation- that is, the absence of good.

A

True

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40
Q

Knowing the taste of an oyster and pineapple is compared to knowing the color of black and white.

A

Inconsistent

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41
Q

According to Berkeley, all we know about any object are our ideas about the object.

A

True

42
Q

According to Plato, the ideal society would be ruled by a philosopher-king (or queen).

A

True

43
Q

According to Locke, when we know an object, we know only our idea of the object, not the object itself.

A

True

44
Q

In the “Allegory of the Cave,”

A

none of the above

45
Q

According to Plato, all of reality is constantly changing.

A

False

46
Q

According to Berkeley, when a human mind knows things in the external world, the mind is knowing God’s ideas.

A

True

47
Q

Plato is a metaphysical monist.

A

False

48
Q

According to Holbach, the concept of immaterial human spirit is incomprehensible.

A

True

49
Q

Voltaire believes that if God did not exist, it would be necessary to invent him.

A

True

50
Q

Epicurus held that we should fear death, because if we have lived immoral lives the gods will punish us.

A

False

51
Q

Which school of philosophy would say: “What upsets people is not things themselves but their judgments about things. For example death is nothing dreadful(or else it would have appeared dreadful to Socrates), but instead the judgment about death that it is dreadful- that is the most dreadful.

A

Stoicism

52
Q

According to Epictetus, all we can control is our attitude toward the world.

A

True

53
Q

Plotinus was an early church father with a deep faith in the principles of Christianity.

A

False

54
Q

According to Locke, the mind at birth is empty of all ideas.

A

True

55
Q

Augustine supported the doctrine of original sin, that is, the human nature is inherently corrupt

A

true

56
Q

According to Hobbes, the logical result of individual egoistical behavior would be horrible condition in which there are “no arts’ no letters, no society; and which is worst of all. Continual fear, and danger of violent death; and the life of man solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.”

A

True

57
Q

The Skeptics were led to suspend judgment and to refrain from denying or affirming anything.

A

True

58
Q

For Plato, the most important feature of the physical world is that it is unchanging.

A

False

59
Q

According to Rousseau, “men will always be what women choose to make them… “

A

True

60
Q

The Form of Triangle

A

is what all physical triangles hold in common

61
Q

Augustine held that human seek happiness as a consequence of our incompleteness and finitude.

A

True

62
Q

Augustine was a minor influence in setting the dominant direction and style of Christian wisdom of the Middle Ages.

A

False

63
Q

Rousseau recognizes that human nature was not really any better in earlier times but suggests that the arts and sciences produced some significant changes making people worse.

A

True

64
Q

In a state of nature, Hobbes holds,

A

there are no such things as good and evil

65
Q

Augustine

A

Agrees with St. Paul that our wills are divided and that we cannot heal ourselves.

66
Q

According to Berkeley, it is incorrect to believe, as Aristotle did, that physical substances are composed of matter and form.

A

True

67
Q

According to Berkeley, though the senses provide no evidence of matter’s existence, we must nonetheless assume that matter exists.

A

False

68
Q

According to Plato, all knowledge in our mind came through our senses.

A

False

69
Q

In the “Allegory of the Cave,” the people chained in the cave

A

do not know they are in a cave

70
Q

According to Plato, for every class of physical thing, trees, mountains, apples, there is a corresponding Form.

A

True

71
Q

According to Hobbes, the picture we get of this state of nature is of people moving against each other- bodies in motion- or the anarchic condition of “the war of all against all.”

A

True

72
Q

According to Hobbes, the driving force in a person is the need for love.

A

False

73
Q

Which school of philosophy would say: “If the power of thought is universal among mankind, so likewise is the possession of reason, making us rational creature. If follows, therefore, that this reason speaks no less universally to us with its “thou shalt” or “thou shalt not.”

A

Stoicism

74
Q

Why do we sin? Augustine answers that

A

an act of free will

75
Q

Plato is a skeptic.

A

False

76
Q

According to Epictetus, a good person does not feel excessive emotional pain.

A

True

77
Q

In Plato’s view, Forms never change.

A

True

78
Q

According to Hobbes, the sovereign can command such that “there can be no unjust law.”

A

True

79
Q

According to Hobbes, only rational desires are recognized as motivators, so all actions are performed for the welfare of the agent.

A

False

80
Q

According to Galileo, a human being is defined as a body with physical organs, implying that most personal characteristics are represented by secondary qualities.

A

True

81
Q

According to Plato, the physical universe is the only reality.

A

False

82
Q

According to Hobbes, we can avoid the state of nature and conditionally enter civil society if individuals join together in an agreement, “as if every man should say to every man, I authorize and give up my right of governing myself, to this man, or to this assembly of men, on condition, that you give up your right to him, and authorize all his actions in like manner.”

A

False

83
Q

According to Plato, virtuous people are rare.

A

True

84
Q

According to Epictetus, nothing can harm a wise person.

A

True

85
Q

Citizens of the heavenly city

A

have a dual citizenship

86
Q

When Hume says that “all events seem entirely loose and separate,” he means to imply that

A

there is no necessary connection to be observed among them.

87
Q

Which of the following is not one of the three laws of association of ideas?

A

the law of identity

88
Q

Sparked by dramatic advances in the sciences, Enlightenment thinkers were convinced that through the exercise of human reason they could unravel the mysteries of the universe and set society off in a new and highly advanced direction.

A

True

89
Q

According to Plato, if the realm of Forms didn’t exist, the physical universe wouldn’t exist.

A

True

90
Q

According to Plato, in a just society, all people would share equally.

A

False

91
Q

According to Hume, if substance cannot be known by a sense impression, as Locke claims, then we have no evidence of the existence of substance.

A

True

92
Q

According to Plato, we never truly learn anything new. All wisdom is recollected from a time before our birth.

A

True

93
Q

According to Tindal, the aim of Christianity should be to rid religion of superstition and return to this pure and natural religion. To do this, faith not reason should be our guide, and not scriptural authority.

A

False

94
Q

Just as a blind man cannot create the idea of color, the mind cannot create a simple idea.

A

consistent

95
Q

Berkeley was born, and lived most of his life, in Holland.

A

False

96
Q

Which of the following statements would Hume agree with?

A

Complex impressions produce complex ideas.

97
Q

Berkeley is a rationalist, arguing that all knowledge we gain through the senses is unreliable.

A

False

98
Q

Augustine solves the problem of natural evil by

A

denying that evil is a positive reality

99
Q

Simply because we have no sense knowledge of matter or spirit, it would be wrong to say matter and spirit do not exist.

A

Consistent

100
Q

According to Augustine, we can find happiness only in God, since we were made by God to find happiness only in God

A

True

Philosophy II (8 decks)

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