Test 2 Part 2 Flashcards
Which school of philosophy would say: “of things that wisdom prepares for insuring lifelong happiness, by far the greatest is the possession of friends.”
Epicureanism
According to Hume, nothing can be known for certain.
False
For Augustine true philosophy was inconceivable without a joining of faith and reason.
True
According to Plato, might makes right.
False
According to Hobbes, knowledge of consequences is hypothetical or conditional but is based on logic.
False
Which school of philosophy would say: “Do not seek to have events happen as you want them to, but instead want them to happen as they do happen, and your life will go well.”
Stoicism
Locke was, for most of his adult life, a close adviser of the king of England.
False
According to deism, there are special appearances, miracles, prophecies, or divine composed scriptures.
False
According to Hobbes, the power of the sovereign must be absolute in order to secure the conditions of order, peace, and law.
True
According to Hobbes, if you peel off the veneer of civilization, what you are left with are individuals in conflict.
True
According to Plato, our reason exists to effectively serve our desire.
False
In the “Allegory of the Cave,” the sun is a symbol for
The Form of the Good
For most philosophers in the Middle Ages there was not a close bond between theology and philosophy.
False
A result of the scientific revolution was that the unique dignity, value, or special status of human beings in the nature of things is uplifted.
False
According to Plato, the majority of the people are foolish.
True
Plato holds that some Forms, but not all, are made of matter.
False
According to Aristotle, happiness is achieved when people fulfill their natural functions through a well-balanced life.
True
According to Rousseau, what keeps a society together is natural law.
False
Hume adopts Newton’s motto, “frame no hypotheses,” in order to
construct a science of human nature on the basis of the facts
According to Hume, the design of the universe is evidence of God’s existence.
False
According to Plato, just as the form of triangle consists of truths about Triangleness, so the Form of Square consists of truths about Squareness and the form of Sphere consists of truths about Sphereness.
True
According to Locke, not only do we have sense knowledge of the qualities of an object, but we also have sense knowledge of the matter of an object.
False
Which school of philosophy would say: “Universal Nature’s impulse was to create an orderly world.”
Stoicism
The Greeks considered happiness to be the culmination of the good life.
True
Which of the following is not a true statement about the realm of Forms?
The real of Forms contains the Forms of Godliness
Skeptics held that “no truth can be comprehended by human beings.”
True
Berkeley argued that, because we have no sense knowledge of matter, we must conclude that matter is merely a substratum of the qualities we know with our senses.
False
According to Hume, insofar as a philosopher is a rationalist, to that degree the philosopher is wrong.
True
One crucial step in Augustine’s argument that God must exist is this:
Either nothing superior to truth or there is something superior to truth
Plato established the first university.
True
According to Plato, we should have faith that God exists.
False
According to Plato, perfect Courage exists.
True
Which of the following statements would Hume agree with?
We think we observe one event causing another event, but all we really observe is one event preceding another event
Which of the following is not a secondary quality?
Texture
The Form of Triangle is
independent of all physical triangles
If there were no Form of Triangle, then physical triangles would not exist.
True
According to Hobbes, morality and law are simply the best means available, the only means to stave off imminent death and the possible loss of felicity (great happiness). Being moral and law-abiding is no more than a smart strategy for self-preservation.
True
According to Locke, no idea in a child’s mind is innate.
Consistent
Plotinus held that evil is not a positive reality but rather a matter of privation- that is, the absence of good.
True
Knowing the taste of an oyster and pineapple is compared to knowing the color of black and white.
Inconsistent
According to Berkeley, all we know about any object are our ideas about the object.
True
According to Plato, the ideal society would be ruled by a philosopher-king (or queen).
True
According to Locke, when we know an object, we know only our idea of the object, not the object itself.
True
In the “Allegory of the Cave,”
none of the above
According to Plato, all of reality is constantly changing.
False
According to Berkeley, when a human mind knows things in the external world, the mind is knowing God’s ideas.
True
Plato is a metaphysical monist.
False
According to Holbach, the concept of immaterial human spirit is incomprehensible.
True
Voltaire believes that if God did not exist, it would be necessary to invent him.
True
Epicurus held that we should fear death, because if we have lived immoral lives the gods will punish us.
False
Which school of philosophy would say: “What upsets people is not things themselves but their judgments about things. For example death is nothing dreadful(or else it would have appeared dreadful to Socrates), but instead the judgment about death that it is dreadful- that is the most dreadful.
Stoicism
According to Epictetus, all we can control is our attitude toward the world.
True
Plotinus was an early church father with a deep faith in the principles of Christianity.
False
According to Locke, the mind at birth is empty of all ideas.
True
Augustine supported the doctrine of original sin, that is, the human nature is inherently corrupt
true
According to Hobbes, the logical result of individual egoistical behavior would be horrible condition in which there are “no arts’ no letters, no society; and which is worst of all. Continual fear, and danger of violent death; and the life of man solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.”
True
The Skeptics were led to suspend judgment and to refrain from denying or affirming anything.
True
For Plato, the most important feature of the physical world is that it is unchanging.
False
According to Rousseau, “men will always be what women choose to make them… “
True
The Form of Triangle
is what all physical triangles hold in common
Augustine held that human seek happiness as a consequence of our incompleteness and finitude.
True
Augustine was a minor influence in setting the dominant direction and style of Christian wisdom of the Middle Ages.
False
Rousseau recognizes that human nature was not really any better in earlier times but suggests that the arts and sciences produced some significant changes making people worse.
True
In a state of nature, Hobbes holds,
there are no such things as good and evil
Augustine
Agrees with St. Paul that our wills are divided and that we cannot heal ourselves.
According to Berkeley, it is incorrect to believe, as Aristotle did, that physical substances are composed of matter and form.
True
According to Berkeley, though the senses provide no evidence of matter’s existence, we must nonetheless assume that matter exists.
False
According to Plato, all knowledge in our mind came through our senses.
False
In the “Allegory of the Cave,” the people chained in the cave
do not know they are in a cave
According to Plato, for every class of physical thing, trees, mountains, apples, there is a corresponding Form.
True
According to Hobbes, the picture we get of this state of nature is of people moving against each other- bodies in motion- or the anarchic condition of “the war of all against all.”
True
According to Hobbes, the driving force in a person is the need for love.
False
Which school of philosophy would say: “If the power of thought is universal among mankind, so likewise is the possession of reason, making us rational creature. If follows, therefore, that this reason speaks no less universally to us with its “thou shalt” or “thou shalt not.”
Stoicism
Why do we sin? Augustine answers that
an act of free will
Plato is a skeptic.
False
According to Epictetus, a good person does not feel excessive emotional pain.
True
In Plato’s view, Forms never change.
True
According to Hobbes, the sovereign can command such that “there can be no unjust law.”
True
According to Hobbes, only rational desires are recognized as motivators, so all actions are performed for the welfare of the agent.
False
According to Galileo, a human being is defined as a body with physical organs, implying that most personal characteristics are represented by secondary qualities.
True
According to Plato, the physical universe is the only reality.
False
According to Hobbes, we can avoid the state of nature and conditionally enter civil society if individuals join together in an agreement, “as if every man should say to every man, I authorize and give up my right of governing myself, to this man, or to this assembly of men, on condition, that you give up your right to him, and authorize all his actions in like manner.”
False
According to Plato, virtuous people are rare.
True
According to Epictetus, nothing can harm a wise person.
True
Citizens of the heavenly city
have a dual citizenship
When Hume says that “all events seem entirely loose and separate,” he means to imply that
there is no necessary connection to be observed among them.
Which of the following is not one of the three laws of association of ideas?
the law of identity
Sparked by dramatic advances in the sciences, Enlightenment thinkers were convinced that through the exercise of human reason they could unravel the mysteries of the universe and set society off in a new and highly advanced direction.
True
According to Plato, if the realm of Forms didn’t exist, the physical universe wouldn’t exist.
True
According to Plato, in a just society, all people would share equally.
False
According to Hume, if substance cannot be known by a sense impression, as Locke claims, then we have no evidence of the existence of substance.
True
According to Plato, we never truly learn anything new. All wisdom is recollected from a time before our birth.
True
According to Tindal, the aim of Christianity should be to rid religion of superstition and return to this pure and natural religion. To do this, faith not reason should be our guide, and not scriptural authority.
False
Just as a blind man cannot create the idea of color, the mind cannot create a simple idea.
consistent
Berkeley was born, and lived most of his life, in Holland.
False
Which of the following statements would Hume agree with?
Complex impressions produce complex ideas.
Berkeley is a rationalist, arguing that all knowledge we gain through the senses is unreliable.
False
Augustine solves the problem of natural evil by
denying that evil is a positive reality
Simply because we have no sense knowledge of matter or spirit, it would be wrong to say matter and spirit do not exist.
Consistent
According to Augustine, we can find happiness only in God, since we were made by God to find happiness only in God
True
