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Test 3: Micro > Test 3: Parasitology: Protists > Flashcards

Test 3: Parasitology: Protists Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: Protozoa/protists are multi-celled eukaryotic microbes

A

False!
They are single-cell eukaryotic microbes
ex: trichomonas, amoebas

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2
Q

How are protozoans originally classified?

A

motility

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3
Q

Which group of protozoa does not have motility?

A

sporozoans

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4
Q

What are some examples of flagellates?

A

giardia and trich

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5
Q

What are the 3 sporozoa?

A

toxoplasma, plasmodium, cryptosporidium

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6
Q

What are the 2 flaggellates?

A

giardia and trich

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7
Q

What is the 1 amoeba?

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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8
Q

Which flagellate causes veneral disease?

A

trichomonas vaginalis

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9
Q

Which flagellate causes GI problems?

A

giardia lambia

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10
Q

What is the most frequent cause of acute symptomatic parasite disease in US and worldwide?

A

giardia
(regardless of socioeconomic level)

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11
Q

Is Giardia intra or extracellular?

A

extracellular

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12
Q

Where does Giardia attach?

A

only attaches and remains localized in small intestine
- able to parasite in wide range of mammals including animals but you won’t get Giardia from a dog

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13
Q

How is Giardia often transmitted?

A

drinking mountain stream water while camping due to human or wildlife waste
- in the form of infective cysts
- common in outdoor enthusiasts

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14
Q

What kills Giardia?

A

iodine NOT chlorine

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15
Q

Are Giardia patients symptomatic?

A
  • usually highly symptomatic but sometimes can be asymptomatic
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16
Q

How do the symptoms of Giardia work?

A
  • attachment from this results in inflammation and reduced gut’s absorptive capability so watery diarrhea up to 4 weeks
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17
Q

What is the tx for Giardia?

A
  • metronidazole (flagyl)
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18
Q

What is the prevention of Giardia?

A
  • boiling water ~1 minute to decontaminate drinking water while camping
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19
Q

How is Giardia diagnosed?

A
  • often misdiagnosed but best now to use 3x serial stool antigen test
    (antibody would tell us a past exposure to this)
20
Q

Why is trichonmonas vaginalis named what it is?

A
  • women are symptomatic causing trichomoniasis
    but infects both sexes equally
21
Q

Where does T. vaginalis reside?

A

only in human urogenital tract
- does NOT form cysts like Giardia does

22
Q

What is the shape of T. vaginalis?

A

large organism about size of WBC, only seen in trophozoite form with twitching motility

23
Q

What does T. vaginalis correlate with?

A

prematurity, low birth weight, pelvic inflammatory disease, and increases in human immunodeficiency virus transmission

24
Q

What is the tx for t. vaginalis?

A
  • same as Giardia (metronidizole- flagyl)
25
Q

What is the dx for t. vaginalis?

A
  • serology test strip
26
Q

What is the prevention for t. vaginalis?

A
  • safe sex. NO vaccines
27
Q

T/F: parasites with different developmental stages can require different hosts

A

True!

28
Q

What are the distinctive features of cryptosporidium parvum?

A
  • major cause of diarrhea in AIDS pt and immunosuppressive therapies
  • majorly seen in HIV epidemic
29
Q

How is crypto parvum spread?

A
  • is food borne disease and fecal-oral route
  • resistant in chlorine-based agents so can spread in swimming pools
30
Q

What is the pathogenesis of crypto parvum?

A
  • remain located at lumen side of epithelium and disrupt villi
  • can be asymptomatic or self limiting watery diarrhea
31
Q

What is the tx for crypto parvum?

A
  • usually just rehydrate and electrolyte replacement unless it is more severe take metronidazole
32
Q

What is the dx for crypto parvum?

A
  • acid-fast oocytes in stool via microscopy
  • serology tests
33
Q

What is prevention for crypto parvum?

A
  • water tx and personal hygiene
34
Q

What are the distinctive features of toxoplasma gondii?

A
  • infect 25-50% where cats are pets due to sexual reproduction of parasite in cat because it is definitive host (most mature form of parasite lives here)
  • change behavior of rats and mice making them less scared of cats and zombie ants!
  • can also propagate by asexual reproduction independently in a complete life cycle in carnivorous intermediate hosts
35
Q

How is toxo gonadii spread?

A
  • human infection occurs by ingestion of oocysts shed by cats
  • can also involve ingestion of tissue cysts
  • congenital transmission
36
Q

What is the pathogenesis of toxo gonadii?

A
  • ingested oocysts or cysts invade intestinal wall
  • **macrophages ingest parasite, then undergo intracellular replication, transport throughout body **
  • congenital transmission
37
Q

What is the dx for toxo gonadii?

A
  • serological tests for IgM antibody
  • stool on Omar test
38
Q

What is the tx for toxo gonadii?

A
  • pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine because they block folic acid synthesis
39
Q

What is the prevent for toxo gonadii?

A
  • avoid undercooked meat
  • pregnant women avoid changing cat litter
  • cats kept inside
40
Q

What’s the agent of malaria?

A

plasmodia

41
Q

What are the distinctive features of plasmodium?

A
  • most deadly human parasitic disease, malaria
  • 4 species ( know falciparum) that can be rapidly fatal
  • in sub-saharan africa
  • exactly 2 hosts= human and mosquito (definitive host)
42
Q

What is the pathogenesis of plasmodium?

A
  • mosquito bite- travel to liver- infect hepatocytes- multiply without causing symptoms by binary fission- released into bloodstream- enter and multiply synchronously in RBCs causing sweats and fever
43
Q

What is the deadly form of plasmodium?

A

plasmodium falciparum
- others are more benign and have time to find tx

44
Q

What is the dx for plasmodium?

A
  • blood films/ smears on glass for rings in RBC or banana-shaped gametocyte forms
45
Q

What is the tx for plasmodium?

A
  • quinolones, chloroquine
  • herbal combos of drugs containing artemisinin
46
Q

What is the prevention for plasmodium?

A
  • travelers can use prophylactic tx with cholorquine

Test 3: Micro (6 decks)

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