Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Test 3: Micro > Test 3: Mycology > Flashcards

Test 3: Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

What is main fungus in oral pathology?

A

Canadis albicans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is mycology?

A

study of fungi
(fungus includes yeast and molds)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of environment do eukaryotic fungi require?

A

aerobic environment
- plant-like but not plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does saprophytic mean?

A
  • acquire nutrition from dead, decaying organic matter and that’s what fungi does!
  • important in humans because fungi can break down epithelial tissue and spread in immunocompromised pts and tissues that are ischemic and necrotic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

T/F: ~150,000 fungal species, but only ~100 are capable of causing infections in humans

A

True!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 3 things fungi are diverse in?

A
  • appearance (mold on bread)
  • benefit/use (wine, cheese, yeast)
  • ability to cause disease (pathogenesis/opportunistic)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the clinically important morphology forms?

A
  • yeast
  • molds
  • dimorphic fungi (can display both yeast and molds)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is yeast morphology?

A
  • single-celled
  • round or oval shaped
  • reproduce via budding (unequal asexual outgrowth from parent cell; produced genetically identical cells)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

If the process in elongation/budding and yeast cells remain attached, what do we call that?

A

pseudohyphae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the examples of yeast morphology?

A
  • candida
  • cryptococcus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is mold morphology?

A
  • multicellular
  • filamentous form (if individual filament= hyphae. masses/branching= mycelium)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In the branching of mold, what else do we need to consider?

A
  • they can have septations/cross walls or no separations/no cross walls
    (cross walls= septet hyphae MORE COMMON. no cross walls= aseptate/non-septate hyphae MUCOR GROUP)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

T/F: Spores can be present in molds

A

True!
- in pathogenic molds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How dimorphic fungi decide what structure they want?

A
  • based on environmental conditions. USUALLY thermal/temp changes like yeast in the heat, mold in the cold
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some examples of dimorphic fungi?

A
  • candida (tricky)
  • histoplasma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the differences in fungus cell structures and why is this important?

A
  • differences in cell wall, cell membrane, chemical components
  • important targets for anti-fungal medications
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What makes fungal cells different from other eukaryotic cells in regards to cell membrane?

A
  • fungal cell membrane contains ergosterol while human cell membrane contains cholesterol
    (ergosterol is an important antifungal target)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What makes fungal cells different from other eukaryotic cells in regards to cell wall?

A
  • no peptidogylcan in fungal cells
    (only in bacteria)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is found in fungal cell wall structures?

A
  • B-glucan
  • a-glucan
  • chitin (not in human cells)
  • mannoproteins
    REMEMBER NOT PEPTIDOGLYCAN IN FUNGI
20
Q

What is found in fungal cell wall structures?

A
  • B-glucan
  • a-glucan
  • chitin (not in human cells)
  • mannoproteins
    REMEMBER NOT PEPTIDOGLYCAN IN FUNGI
21
Q

What do we need to know about fungi metabolism?

A

aerobic metabolism

22
Q

What is the asexual reproduction result in, in yeast?

A

formation of buds

23
Q

What is the asexual reproduction result in, in mold?

A

formation of spores

24
Q

What do we need to know about mold spores?

A
  • molds form spores
  • single-cell, small spores= microconidia
  • multi-cell, larger spores= macroconidia
  • can see both single and multi
25
Q

What are fungal infections called?

A

mycoses

26
Q

When do we see serious disease from fungi infection/mycoses?

A
  • immunocompromised individuals
27
Q

Where are superficial fungi infections located?

A
  • outermost layers of skin, hair, and nails
28
Q

What are subcutaneous/submucosal infections caused by usually?

A
  • trauma related inoculation of fungal spores like a prick from a thorn
29
Q

What are endemic systemic infections?

A
  • cause infection in immunocompetent individual
30
Q

What are opportunistic systemic infections?

A
  • cause infection in immunocompromised individual
31
Q

Why do systemic infections occur?

A
  • can be due to commensal fungi that overgrows like candida or due to environmental fungi that is inhaled like mucor
32
Q

What are pathogenic amoebas we are concerned about?

A
  • entamoeba histolytica
  • naegleria fowleri
33
Q

What are the distinctive features of entamoeba histolytica?

A
  • only one human host in their lifetime
  • pseudopods/feet
34
Q

How many forms are there in amoebas?

A

only 2 forms:
- adult: trophozoite (feeding stage)
- environmental durable and infectious cyst

35
Q

What is the transmission of entamoeba histolytica?

A
  • via ingestion of cysts from food or water via fecal-oral route
  • only in humans and some primates
  • cyst is quite durable in moist environment and can contain chitin
  • resistant to chlorine
36
Q

What is the epidemiology of entamoeba histolytica?

A
  • human waste
  • transmission with families and day care settings
37
Q

What is the dx for entamoeba histolytica?

A
  • repeated 3x microscopic exam of warm feces aka Omar test
  • serological testing
  • best method: enzyme ELISA for entamoeba histolytica antigens in stool
38
Q

What is the tx for entamoeba histolytica?

A
  • 2 antibiotic combo: metronidazole and iron chelator iodoquinol
39
Q

What is the prevention for entamoeba histolytica?

A
  • no vaccines
  • improve sanitation (plumbing) and hygiene
40
Q

What is the prevention for entamoeba histolytica?

A
  • no vaccines
  • improve sanitation (plumbing) and hygiene
  • be careful when swimming
41
Q

What is the brain eating amoeba we are concerned about?

A

naegleria fowleri
(pathogenic= amebic meningoencephalitis)

42
Q

How does naegleria fowleri carry out its lifestyle?

A
  • carries out its entire life cycle in warm waters
  • human are most likely an accidental or dead-end host (why it’s so dangerous)
43
Q

How do infections occur with naegleria fowleri?

A

when adult forms invade nasal epithelium
- invasive and can rapidly migrate to the brain with tissue destruction

44
Q

What are the symptoms of naegleria fowleri infection?

A
  • sudden headache, stiff neck, fever, vomiting, and often altered taste and other perceptions
45
Q

What is the tx for naegleria fowleri?

A
  • some success with amphotericin B, rifampicin, miconozole
  • now: miltefosine (profounda) with induced coma has saved 3 people

Test 3: Micro (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions