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Test 3: Micro > Test 3: Oral Candidiasis and Other Candida Infections > Flashcards

Test 3: Oral Candidiasis and Other Candida Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common cause of all fungal infections in oral cavity?

A

Candida

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2
Q

T/F: Candida is regular, normal human microbiota

A

True!
- it is in skin, GI, vagina, oral cavity

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3
Q

Where does Candida become invasive?

A
  • typically in immune compromised host
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4
Q

T/F: Candida infections are only superficial mucosal inflammatory reactions.

A

False!
they vary from superficial mucosal inflammatory reactions to severe systemic disease

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5
Q

What is the morphology of Candida albicans?

A
  • white colonies (“alba”)
  • dimorphic so alternates between yeast and hyphal mold by responding to temperature and concentration of nutrients
  • yeast has the round/ovoid with elongated pseudohyphae
  • mold/hyphal has formation of pseudohyphae and true hyphae
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6
Q

What is a unique factor in Candida albicans morphology?

A
  • formation of germ tubes which is a long hyphal outgrowth
  • formed during initial stage of hyphal formation
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7
Q

What particular test can you do on Candida albicans to differentiate it?

A

Germ Tube Test

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8
Q

What are the 3 main virulence factors of Candida albicans?

A
  • adhesion proteins (for adhesion to stick to mouth and teeth)
  • acid proteases (for degradation of healthy tissue)
  • phospholipase (for invasion and for hyphal formation)
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9
Q

Where do you see phospholipase?

A
  • concentrated at hyphal tip
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10
Q

How is Candida albicans transmitted?

A
  • overgrowth of person’s own normal flora
    (seen mainly in immunocompromised patients)
  • can also be acquired from exogenous sources like catheters and person-to-person by newborns passing through infected birth canal
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11
Q

Which fungal infection has a high resistance to antifungals?

A
  • candida auris
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12
Q

What are the predisposing factors to immunosuppression and more susceptible to Candida albicans?

A
  • very young and elderly because have lower immunity
  • persons living with HIV, transplant recipients
  • malignancy, cytotoxic therapies
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13
Q

What predisposing factors the lead to oral disease and more susceptible to candida albicans?

A
  • prosthetic/dentures
  • diabetes/high sugar intake
  • sjogrens syndrome- xerostomia
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14
Q

T/F: antibiotic therapy is a predisposition of Candida albicans

A

True!
- it eliminates normal flora allowing for overgrowth of Candida albicans

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15
Q

What are the diseases caused by Candida albicans?

A
  • oral candidiasis
  • skin and nail infections
  • urogenital infections
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16
Q

What are the 5 types of oral candidiasis caused by Candida albicans?

A
  • pseudomembranous candidiasis (thrush)
  • erythematous candidiasis (denture-related)
  • angular cheilitis
  • chronic hyperplastic leukoplakia
  • median rhomboid glossitis
17
Q

How do we differentiate pseudomembranous candidiasis (thrush) from other candidiasis?

A
  • cream-colored, crumbling, curd-like white patches
  • rub off easily
  • common in new borns, abnormally low neutrophils, broad-spectrum antibiotics, inhaled steroids
18
Q

How do we differentiate erythematous candidiasis from other candidiasis?

A
  • red, inflamed areas
  • NO white curd like patches
  • can be related to dentures, living with HIV, prolonged drug therapy, and sjorgens syndrome
19
Q

How do we differentiate angular cheilitis from other candidiasis?

A
  • painful, cracked sores at corners of mouth
20
Q

How do we differentiate chronic hyperplastic leukoplakia from other candidiasis?

A
  • individual white lesion
  • white patches can NOT be rubbed off
21
Q

How do we differentiate median rhomboid glossitis from other candidiasis?

A
  • localized, central papillary atrophy of tongue
  • smooth, lobulated dark pink to red area on dorsum of tongue
  • common in smokers of tobacco and inhalation steroid users
22
Q

What do we need to know about chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis?

A
  • persistent and/or recurrent with skin, nails, and oral cavity
  • can manifest in different ways
  • more defects in immune system
23
Q

What do we need to know about urogenital candidiasis?

A
  • vulvovaginitis (yeast infection)
  • candida balanitis
    these can have some oral complications with these… prevention via safe sex practices
24
Q

What are the 3 diagnosis of Candida albicans?

A

Direct Microscopic Examination by:
- wet mount using 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH)
- stain to visualize morphology
- observe for round/ovoid yeast cells, pseudohyphae, and hyphae

Culture by:
- Sab’s agar
- ideal method but slow

Germ Tube Test

25
Q

What are important things to address in Candida albicans?

A
  • oral hygiene measures
  • dietary advice (reduce carbs)
  • denture trauma (fit correctly)
  • steroid inhaler use (brush/rinse after inhalation)
  • other systemic factors
26
Q

T/F: There is a vaccine for Candida albicans

A

FALSE!

Test 3: Micro (6 decks)

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