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Test 3: Micro > Test 3: Other Fungal Infections (Mycoses) > Flashcards

Test 3: Other Fungal Infections (Mycoses) Flashcards

1
Q

What fungi are hyphal molds and mostly respiratory infections?

A
  • aspergillus
  • mucor (zygomycetes)
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2
Q

What fungi are dimorphic fungi and mostly respiratory infections?

A
  • histoplasma
  • blastomyces
  • coccidioides
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3
Q

What fungi are yeast?

A
  • cryptococcus
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4
Q

What fungi are hyphal molds?

A
  • dermatophytes
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5
Q

What is the morphology of aspergillus?

A
  • filamentous mold with hyphal filaments
  • septet hyphae (cross-walls)
  • extensive hyphal branching (45 degrees) with acute angles
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6
Q

What is the reproduction of aspergillum?

A
  • airborne release of spores from hyphae into air and can be inhaled
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7
Q

What is the habitat of aspergillus?

A
  • outdoor (organic matter) and indoors (damp/wet surfaces)
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8
Q

What is the transmission of aspergillus?

A
  • inhalation of airborne asexual spores
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9
Q

What is the dx for aspergillus?

A

Direct Microscopic Examination by:
- silver stain to see 45 degree branching and septet hyphae

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10
Q

What is the tx for aspergillus?

A
  • key tx: voriconazole
  • CAN NOT BE MISTKAEN FOR MUCOR or proliferate mucor
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11
Q

What is the prevention for aspergillus?

A
  • no vaccine
  • protect pt from spores via HEPA filtered rooms in hospital settings
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12
Q

What does aspergillus lead to?

A

generally a respiratory disease but can give oral manifestations

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13
Q

What is the big difference between mucor and aspergillus?

A
  • mucor are HIGHLY invasive
  • mucor invade major bvs leading to black skin or pus (necrotic tissue)
  • mucor pathogen: rhizopus
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14
Q

What is the morphology of mucor?

A
  • non-septate hyphae
  • 90 degree branching
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15
Q

What is the reproduction of mucor?

A
  • same as aspergillus in that is releases spores into air
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16
Q

What is the habitat of mucor?

A
  • same as aspergillus in that it is outdoors and indoors
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17
Q

What is the transmission of mucor?

A
  • same as aspergillus in that the spores are inhaled
  • also spore implantation into tissue via trauma
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18
Q

Who is at risk of developing mucor infection?

A
  • uncontrolled diabetes
    -ketoacidosis
  • cancer, neutropenic
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19
Q

What is the dx for mucor?

A

Direct Microscopic Examination by:
- silver stain to see 90 degree branching and nonseptate hyphae

Sab’s Agar

20
Q

What is the tx for mucor?

A
  • aggressive surgical measures to get rid of affected tissue- ESSENTIAL
  • aggressive correction of underlying condition
  • aggressive anti-fungal therapy
21
Q

What do we always avoid to give a mucor infection?

A

Voriconazole because it enhances virulence of major

22
Q

What do we need to know about histo, blasto, and coccidio?

A
  • oral manifestations are rare but seen in immunocompromised
  • all dimorphic
  • histo and blasto will present as yeast
  • coccidiodes will present as a spherule
23
Q

What is the habitat for histo, blasto, and coccidio?

A
  • histo= bird, bat dropping
  • blasto= organic matter, rotting/decaying/plant/animal droppings
  • coccido= fine sand and silt (southwest/desert)
24
Q

What is the dx of histo, blasto, and coccidio?

A
  • silver stain
  • 10% KOH to observe yeast or spherules
25
Q

What is the morphology of cryptococcus?

A
  • yeast that produces a polysaccharide capsule
26
Q

How is cryptococcus spread?

A
  • through inhalation of yeasts from exposure to pigeon droppings
27
Q

What is the dx of cryptococcus?

A
  • stain with India ink to view the capsule
28
Q

T/F: Dermatophytes have no oral manifestions

A

True!
but can be expressed on facial surface

29
Q

What are dermatophyte infections termed as?

A

“tinea”

30
Q

What are the 3 primary infections caused by dermatophytes?

A
  • trichophyton
  • microscporum
  • epidermophyton
31
Q

What is the key virulence factor for dermatophytes?

A
  • secrete keratinase (degrade keratin in hair, skin, and nails)
32
Q

T/F: dermatophytes are only in immunocompromised patients

A

False!
This is the only fungi infection we discuss that does not have to be in immunocompromised patients. ex: athletes foot

33
Q

How do we distinguish epidermophyton?

A
  • club-shaped macroconidia
  • no microconidia
34
Q

How do we distinguish microsporum?

A
  • spindle-shaped macrocondidia AND microcondidia
35
Q

How do we distinguish trichophyton?

A
  • cigar-shaped some macrocondidia but MOSTLY microcondidia
36
Q

Tinea capitis:

A
  • scalp hair/skin
37
Q

Tinea faciei:

A
  • face
38
Q

Tinea barbae:

A
  • beard, mustache, neck
39
Q

Tinea corporis:

A
  • trunk, arms, legs
40
Q

Tinea manuum:

A
  • palms of hands
41
Q

Tinea cruris:

A
  • groin
42
Q

Tinea pedis:

A
  • feet (soles, between toes)
43
Q

Tinea unguium:

A
  • nails (onychomucosis)
44
Q

What is the dx of

A
45
Q

What is the dx of dermatophytes?

A

10% KOH

Test 3: Micro (6 decks)

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