Test 3 Missed Qs Flashcards
An individual characterized by a history of marital problems, substance abuse, delinquency or exhibiting acting out behaviors is most likely to score highest on which MMPI-2 clinical scales?
School/Intelligence #5
4 and 9
Scale 4 is Psychopathic Deviate; scale 9 is Hypomania. This code (4-9/9-4) is characteristic of persons with the above constellation of Sx.
Bronfenbrenner’s model refers to the temporal dimension, or the role of the passage of time, as the __________.
Developmental #1
chronosystem
This model looks at systems from the microsystem (individual->immediate environment, e.g., other individuals), mesosystem (microsystem->immediate setting, e.g., school, home), and exosystem (social settings affecting individual but which do not include her/him, e.g., laws, religious values, economy). The chronosystem is the dynamism between these across time (e.g., birth of siblings, moving geographically, changing economy).
The realization that gender is unaffected by superficial changes in appearance or activity is referred to as __________.
Developmental #6
gender constancy
Stages of gender concept development: g. identity, 9mos-3ys (ability to ID self and others as male or female); g. stability, by 4ys (g. does not change over time); g. constancy, by 5ys-6ys (g. does not change even if appearance does).
Prenatal alcohol exposure is most likely to adversely affect the fetus during the __________ trimester.
Developmental #7
first trimester
First trimester presents greatest chance of the structural and anatomical defects that are characteristic of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Second and third semester alcohol consumption is more likely to result in growth restriction and functional impairment.
Which of the following is least likely to cause secondary impotence?
medication, alcohol, diabetes mellitus, old age
Diagnosis and Psychopathology #8
old age
Erectile reflex is usually unimpaired in older men. Other choices are common causes of secondary impotence.
If a speaker with moderate to low credibility presents a well-stated argument in favor of a particular position, s/he can expect the greatest attitude change ________.
Social #9
as time passes.
Effectiveness of well-presented communication from low credibility sources tends to increase over time. People remember the message, but forget the source (“sleeper effect”).
Is there a difference in the likelihood that prepubertal children versus adolescents will comply with a treatment regimen and, if so, what is it?
Developmental #11
Prepubertal children are more likely than adolescents to comply with a treatment regimen.
Adolescence is associated with a desire for independence and to fit in with peers, which can interfere with treatment compliance for chronic disease, e.g., diabetes.
An 11-month old is presented with a new toy and hesitates to approach it, but starts to play with it after seeing his mother smile and hearing her verbally encourage him/her. This is an example of ________.
Developmental #13
Social referencing.
This is an example of infants’ use of emotional responses of others to determine how to respond to novel situations. The influence of the mere presence of mother begins at about 6 months; by 10 months, infants rely on mothers’ faces. Cross-reference: Visual cliff experiments.
The director at the training agency where you supervise has promised two new interns that they will have plenty of testing experience as part of their training. In order to meet quota, you are under pressure to bill many hours. One intern has a great deal of previous testing experience and the other intern has very little. The majority of the testing cases are given to the more experienced intern and, as a result, this intern is given the majority of your time and attention. Is this situation ethical or unethical and why?
Ethics and Professional Practice #15
Ethical
The intern with less testing experience is receiving cases and training, just not the “majority.” (“Plenty” is undefined.) It would be unethical to give the intern with little experience more testing than her/his competency would support (Standard 2.02(2): Delegation of Work to Others).
What are the typical age of onset and course of Sleep Terror Disorder?
Diagnosis and Psychopathology #17
Onset 4 to 12 years old, spontaneous remission during adolescence; episode frequency can vary over time. Among children it is somewhat more common in males than females.
In industrial settings, administration of a trainability test would be done for the purposes of determining whether the examinee _______.
I/O #18
is likely to do well on a job sample.
Trainability tests determine the suitability of employees for training, not jobs themselves. Job samples are likely to be part of a training session.
Confidence intervals calculate/estimate ________.
Research Design and Statistics #21
estimate true scores from obtained scores.
CIs determine the range within which an examinee’s true score on a test is likely to fall, given his/her obtained score. Standard error of measurement is used to construct CIs.
In the multi-trait/multi-method matrix, a large heterotrait-monomethod coefficient would indicate ________.
Test Construction #23
low divergent validity.
MTMMMs assess a test’s construct validity, correlating tests measuring the same and different traits using similar and different methods. A heterotrait-monomethod correlation reflects the relationship between similar tests measuring different traits, e.g., two self-report tests, one measuring anxiety and the other measuring depression. Divergent validity is the degree to which tests with similar methodology are uncorrelated across constructs, e.g., if the anxiety and depression self-report tests had a high correlation coefficient, they would have a low divergent validity.
If you find that your job selection measure yields too many false positives, _____ (raising/lowering) the predictor cutoff score and/or ______(raising/lowering) the criterion cutoff score would correct the problem.
Test Construction #25
raising the predictor and/or lowering the criterion
A false positive here is someone identified by the test as likely to be successful (predictor) but who turns out not to be (criterion). Raising the predictor cutoff helps ensure those who pass are qualified. Lowering the criterion score makes it easier to be judged as successful.
Who first used meta-analysis and coined the term?
Clinical #29
Gene Glass coined the term in 1976 and Smith & Glass (1977) first used the technique in psychotherapy outcome studies. Karl Pearson had developed a version in 1904, but Smith & Glass modified and popularized it.
Which theorist focused most strongly on experiential aspects of learning?
Developmental #33
Dewey’s constructivist theory states that learning is the result of experiences and trying to make sense of them, with each learner individually and socially constructing meaning/knowledge for her/himself. Focus is on the learner; no knowledge is independent of meaning constructed/attributed by the learner.
You have been court-ordered to evaluate a prisoner who is being tried for murder. You explain to the prisoner the purpose of the evaluation and complete it. As you are packing up your testing materials, the prisoner smirks and says, “I agreed to this, but I didn’t sign anything. You are out of luck, doctor.” What is the appropriate response?
Ethics & Professional Practice #39
Complete the report and leave out the prisoner’s comments.
The report was court ordered, so you were not required to obtain informed consent. The prisoner’s comments are not included in the report because they are not relevant: even though you are not required to obtain informed consent, you still must act to guard confidentiality as much as possible.
A set of past graduate students are divided into two groups: those who completed their doctorates in 5 years or less and those who took longer. What statistical test would be appropriate to predict group membership based on undergraduate GPA and GRE scores?
Research Design & Statistics #42
Discriminant function analysis (DA) is used to determine which continuous variables discriminate between two or more naturally occurring groups. In this case, the IVs are the undergraduate GPAs and GRE scores, with group membership (=5yr completion) as the DV.
Describe the use of MANOVA.
Research Design & Statistics #42
Multivariate ANalysis Of VAriance is used to analyze the effects of one or more independent variables on two or more interval- or ratio-scale-measured dependent variables.
Describe the use of structural equation modeling.
Research Design & Statistics #42
SEM is used to evaluate or confirm cause-and-effect relationships between measured and latent variables.
