Developmental Psychology 3 Flashcards
Priority 2
Name Ainsworth’s four infant attachment patterns.
Secure, anxious/avoidant, anxious/resistant, disorganized/disoriented.
What characterizes secure infant attachment?
Exploration of environment with or without mother; distress when mother leaves and contact-seeking when she returns; friendly to stranger in mother’s presence but prefer mother.
What characterizes the behavior of mothers of secure infants?
Emotional sensitivity and responsiveness.
What characterizes anxious/avoidant infant attachment?
Lack of interest in environment; little interest in mother when she leaves and when she returns; may or may not be wary of strangers.
What characterizes the behavior of mothers of anxious/avoidant infants?
Either impatient and unresponsive or overly responsive and involved.
What characterizes anxious/resistant infant attachment?
Anxious in mother’s presence more so when she leaves, ambivalent when she returns; wary of strangers. (a.k.a. ambivalent)
What characterizes the behavior of mothers of anxious/resistant infants?
Inconsistency, ranging from indifference to enthusiasm.
What characterizes disorganized/disoriented infant attachment?
Inconsistent responses to mother, alternating between avoidance and proximity-seeking; overall dazed, confused, apprehensive.
What characterizes the behavior of mothers of disorganized/disoriented infants.
Maltreatment of child.
Name the four patterns of adult attachment.
Secure/autonomous, dismissing, preoccupied, unresolved.
What characterizes secure adult attachment?
Valuing relationships, able to integrate both positive and negative aspects of childhood experiences.
What characterizes dismissing adult attachment?
Devaluing relationships, guarded and defensive about childhood, idealize parents but cannot give concrete examples.
What characterizes preoccupied adult attachment?
Enmeshed relationships, incoherent about childhood, anger and resignation about parents.
What characterizes unresolved adult attachment?
Negative and dysfunctional relationships, frightened by memories of trauma, may dissociate as coping mechanism. (Think DID or BPD.)
Describe the female “enabling” style of peer relationship.
Increases intimacy and equality; characterized by agreement, suggestion, support; emphasizes emotion and intimacy.
Describe the male “restrictive” style of peer relationship.
Interferes with continuing interaction; characterized by bragging, contradiction, interruption; emphasizes activity, shared interests.
What characteristics are associated with popularity in children?
Skill at initiating and maintaining positive peer relationships; tendency toward being outgoing, supportive, communicative, cooperative, and nonpunitive.
What characteristics are associated with non-popular (rejected) children?
More aggression, disruptiveness, other negative behaviors compared to average children.
Compare the impact of being neglected vs. rejected status in children.
Rejection has a much stronger and more long lived effect, associated with aggression, feelings of loneliness; more stable over time and settings.
When are teens most likely to be conforming to peers?
Ages 12-14.
Compare peer and parental influence on adolescent behavior.
Peers are more likely to influence attitudes and behaviors related to status in the peer group; parents have a greater effect on adolescent’s life decisions and values.
Describe Piaget’s heteronomous morality stage.
Children 4-7; absolute rules, imminent justice; actions based on consequences. A function of preoperational egocentrism and parental authority.
Describe Piaget’s autonomous morality stage.
Children over age 8; rules as agreement; actions based on intention. A function of decline in egocentrism, increased social interaction, release from parental authority.
Where was Piaget wrong about children’s lying?
He thought intentional lying did not start until age 7, but research has shown it beginning as early as 3 or 4.
