Test 3 LVW/ Test 5 ICAE - direct/indirect speech acts

Question 1

direct speech act

Answer 1

intended meaning of utterance corresponds directly to the propositional meaning - form of locutionary act corresponds directly with the illocutionary act
ie: I forgot to go to the bank. as a statement of fact

Question 2

indirect speech act

Answer 2

intended meaning different from the locutionary act or the literal meaning of the words
ie: I forgot to go to the bank. as a request to borrow money

Question 3

constative speech act

Answer 3

utterances that can be evaluated as true or false

Question 4

performative speech act

Answer 4

utterances that accomplish the acts they describe just by being uttered
ie: I bet you dinner that… you are actually placing a bet with those words

Question 5

felicity conditions - define, and 3 conditions

Answer 5

conditions used to determine whether a performative or illocutionary act is successful:
authority
context
recognizability

Question 6

locutionary act

Answer 6

the actual words

ie: We are out of milk.

Question 7

illocutionary act

Answer 7

the intended meaning of words

ie: We are out of milk. (Would you please pick up some the next time you are out?)

Question 8

perlocutionary act

Answer 8

a speech act, as viewed at the level of its psychological consequences, such as persuading, convincing, scaring, enlightening, inspiring, or otherwise getting someone to do or realize something - the effect achieved on the hearer

Question 9

cooperative principle

Answer 9

creating meaningful utterances and working to interpret other speakers’ utterances as meaningful

Question 10

4 conversational maxims

Answer 10

quantity
quality
relation
manner

Question 11

maxim of quantity

Answer 11

1. make contribution as informative as required

2. do not make more informative than is required

Question 12

maxim of quality

Answer 12

1. do not say what you believe to be false

2. do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence

Question 13

maxim of relation

Answer 13

1. be relevant

Question 14

maxims of manner

Answer 14

1. avoid obscurity of expression
2. avoid ambiguity
3. be brief
4. be orderly

Question 15

poiteness

Answer 15

all the ways in which interlocutors adapt (or don’t) to the needs and wants of each other in a conversational exchange

Question 16

3 rules of politeness

Answer 16

1. formality/distance - don’t impose, be sufficiently aloof
2. hesitancy/deference - give other person options about how to respond
3. equality/camaraderie - act like equals, make others feel good

Question 17

positive face

Answer 17

the desire to be approved of and/or liked

Question 18

negative face

Answer 18

the desire to be unimpeded in one’s actions

Question 19

positive politeness

Answer 19

enhancing the positive face of others - giving compliments, terms of friendliness, thanking - makes one’s interlocutors feel liked, appreciated, equal

Question 20

negative politeness

Answer 20

respecting the negative face of others, their desire not to be imposed upon, by using markers of deference, apologizing, using indirect speech acts to make requests or orders

Question 21

face-threatening act (FTA)

Answer 21

mitigate the act with politeness based on relationship/context

Question 22

define felicity condition: authority

Answer 22

does the speaker have the authority to perform this speech act

Question 23

define felicity condition: context

Answer 23

is this the appropriate context for the speech act

Question 24

define felicity condition: recognizability

Answer 24

must be recognizable as a promise, vow, bet, etc.

Question 25

indexical meaning

Answer 25

the meaning is derived from its direct associations with context - in reference to language, to index is to point outside the discourse for meaning
ie: I am studying here. (here=library, school name, country name) depends on context