PPT Notes, Test 4 - Syntax

Question 1

form vs. function:

define form

Answer 1

form is the grammatical category that it occupies, also like the entry in the dictionary for a word
example: Swimming is fun.
Swimming is a noun (gerund = verb as a noun)
to swim = verb: to propel body through water

Question 2

form vs. function:

define function

Answer 2

function is the role that a word plays within a clause
example: Swimming is fun.
Swimming is the subject of the sentence.

Question 3

define constituency

Answer 3

a grammatical phrase or clause

example: at the top, are running, the blue bird

Question 4

6 types of phrases/clauses

Answer 4

noun phrase NP
verb phrase VP
prepositional phrase PP
adjective phrase AdjP
sentence S
adverbial phrase AdvP

Question 5

a sentence must follow this formula

Answer 5

S = NP + VP

Question 6

a NP can function as…

Answer 6

subject
direct object
indirect object
object of a preposition

Question 7

NP test for constituency

Answer 7

pronoun can occupy the space of an entire noun phrase

Question 8

a noun phrase MUST contain a noun, but may also contain…

Answer 8

a determiner
adjective phrase
prepositional phrase
or another sentence (dependent clase)
NP = (Det) (AP) N (PP) (DC)

Question 9

a verb phrase MUST contain a verb, but may also contain…

Answer 9

a noun phrase
prepositional phrase
adverbs

Question 10

a prepositional phrase has a preposition and…

Answer 10

a noun phrase

Question 11

an adjective phrase MUST contain at least one adjective, but may also contain…

Answer 11

adverbs