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ICAE > PPT Notes, Test 3 > Flashcards

PPT Notes, Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

analytic language

how do they make meaning

A

they depend on word order for meaning

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2
Q

synthetic language

how do they make meaning

A

they depend on word endings to mark the function of the word

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3
Q

Is English synthetic or analytic?

A

It is more on the analytical end of the continuum

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4
Q

open class words

A

words which can have new words added easily

nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs

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5
Q

closed class words

A 
class that does not add new words easily
provides structure
most commonly used words in English
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6
Q

morpheme

A

the smallest part of a word that can stand on its own without being broken down further

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7
Q

allomorphs

define and examples

A

morphemes that have 2 or more phonological realizations or forms

examples:
- en, -ed same perfect aspect, different spellings
- walked /t/, snored/d/, skated/Id/,sang, all past tense, different forms
- symphony, synchrony, symptom, synonym

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8
Q

free morphemes

A

stand on their own

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9
Q

bound morpheme

A

require something else to exist

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10
Q

inflectional morpheme

A

do not change meaning
do not change part of speech (lexical category)
suffixes only

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11
Q

derivational

A

changes meaning
changes part of speech (lexical category)
prefixes or suffixes

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12
Q

affix

define, types

A

a morpheme attached to the base part of word

prefix, suffix, infix

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13
Q

lexeme

A

base form of a word that exist no matter how many inflectional endings are added to them

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14
Q

word formation term definition:

compound

A

two words that are put together, or remain separated, but represent one idea

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15
Q

word formation term definition:

prefixing

A

adding a prefix to a word

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16
Q

word formation term definition:

suffixing

A

adding a suffix to a word

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17
Q

word formation term definition:

alphabetism/initialism

A

unpronounceable initial letter formations:

URL, NAACP, IBM

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18
Q

word formation term definition:

acronym

A

pronounceable initial letter formations:

NASA, RAM, SCUBA

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19
Q

word formation term definition:

clipping

A

words shortened by fore or hind clipping:

phone, fries, exam, burger

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20
Q

word formation term definition:

blending

A

combination of two or more words, at least one is clipped:

netiquette, sitcom, motel, smog

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21
Q

word formation term definition:

(functional) )shifting

A

when a word shifts to another lexical category:
email noun>verb
friend noun>verb

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22
Q

word formation term definition:

reanalysis (eggcorn),

A

phonetic reinterpretations of words (mishearing)

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23
Q

word formation term definition:

backformation

A

removing an affix from a word to form a word that never existed before:
editor > edit
bulldozer > bulldoze

24
Q

word formation term definition:

reduplication

A

repeating:

bang-bang, cray-cray, yada yada yada

25
Q

word formation term definition:

loan word

A

unchanged borrowing from another language:
Je ne sais quoi
a la mode

26
Q

word formation term definition:

calque

A

a word for word translation from another language:

dutch: aardvarken > earth pig > groundhog

27
Q

word formation term definition:

trade names

A

words from product name or name of the creator:

Kleenex, guillotine, sandwich, Kelvin, Yo-Yo, escalator

28
Q

define syntax

A

the study of grammatical relations between words and other units within the sentence

29
Q

gerund

A

verb serving as a noun (-ing)

30
Q

count noun

A

uses “fewer”

cow, book, table, hat

31
Q

mass noun

A

uses “less”

water, rice, homework

32
Q

two positions of adjectives

A

predicative and attributive

33
Q

predicative adjective

where positioned?

A

after the verb, can describe subject or object

after linking verbs, describe the subject

34
Q

attributive adjective

where positioned?

A

before the noun, describes noun

35
Q

auxiliary verb used for perfect tense-aspect forms

A

have:

have, had

36
Q

auxiliary verb used for progressive tense-aspect forms

A

be:

am, is, are, was, were, be, been

37
Q

how to form passive voice

A

be verb + perfect aspect + action of verb done to the subject
in other words:
D.O. moves to the subject position:
I broke the record. > The record was broken.

38
Q

ablaut

A

internal change in word to inflect for past tense:
sing > sang
stand > stood

39
Q

suppletion

A

a change in a verb to a reflex of a different Old English verb:
go > went

40
Q

intransitive verb

A

verb appearing with no object:
We sleep. nothing go “sleeped”
James went to the cafe. nothing got “wented”
Julie sits on the front porch after 6pm. nothing got “sat”

41
Q

transitive verb

A

verbs appearing with a direct object:

We made cookies.

42
Q

ditransitive verb

A

verbs appearing with both an indirect object and a direct object:
We gave Sue the cookies.

43
Q

linking verb

A

verb that connects a subject-predicative to a subject, gives more information about subject, not action, like an equals sign (=), are split by the verb:
We are nice.
Kayla is a shopaholic.

44
Q

object-predicative verb

A

verb that connects an object predicative to an object, both are after the verb:
Sue called us nice.
We called our friend crazy.

45
Q

name the five main verb categories

A 
intransitive
transitive
ditransitive
linking
object-predicative
46
Q

adverbs modify/adjust for

A 
time - tomorrow, today, sometimes
place - everywhere, nearby,              anywhere
manner - angrily, easily, sadly
frequency - always, rarely, seldom
TPMF
47
Q

list all coordinating conjunctions

A

FANBOYS
for, and nor, but, or, yet, so
connects equal units together

48
Q

correlative conjuctions

A

used in pairs:
either/or
neither/nor
not only/but so

49
Q

subordinating conjuctions

A

like:
because, although, when, after, before
connects units in an unequal manner

50
Q

5 types of pronouns

A 
personal
indefinite
interrogative
demonstrative
relative
51
Q

personal pronouns: define person, number, case

A

persons: first, second, third
number: singular, plural
case: subject, object, possesive

52
Q

indefinite pronoun

A

stand in for unknown or unspecified element in a clause:
anyone, one, something, neither, both, some, whatever
Everyone is coming over for dinner.
Nobody knows the trouble I see.

53
Q

interrogative pronoun

A

who/whom/whose, what, which:

Who is coming to dinner?

54
Q

demonstrative pronoun

A

point to things either previously mentioned or in the physical environment:
this, that, these, those

55
Q

relative pronoun

A

act as the subject or object of a dependent/subordinate clause to link the clause to a preceding noun phrase:
who/whom/whose, that, which
The bike THAT I am riding is janky.
People WHO have tempers are unpredictable.

ICAE (9 decks)

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