TEST 3 INTERGUMENTARY THEORY

Question 1

functions

Answer 1

STEPS: Sensory reception, Temperature maintenance, Excretion (sweat) and secretion (milk), Protection, synthesis and
Storage of nutrients (Vit D)

Question 2

components of the intergumentary system

Answer 2

Cutaneous membrane (skin) – Epidermis, dermis and accessory structures eg hair, nails

Subcutaneous layer (Hypodermis) - Beneath dermis; Attaches skin to muscles, bones

Question 3

epidermis

Answer 3

• Consists of stratified squamous epithelium – 5 layer
• 5 layers of cells (Stratum corneum (most superficial layer),
  stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum,
  stratum germinativum (lowest layer))
• Thick skin in palm and sole ( has all five layers) and thin skin in other parts of the body (Only 4 layers of cells – no stratum lucidum)
• Stratum germinativum contains stem cells (divides and replaces cells) and melanocytes
• Melanocytes - Produce and store melanin within vesicles; increased activity when exposed to sunlight

Question 4

UV radiation

Answer 4

• Found in sunlight
• Small amount -stimulates production of Vit D in skin
• Excessive radiation – causes sunburns, skin cancers (melanin protects by absorbing UV radiation

Question 5

skin cancer

Answer 5

• Causative - UV radiation
• Basal cell carcinoma - Most common skin cancer; originates in stratum germinativum
• Squamous cell carcinoma – less common
• Melanoma -Aggressive cancer; usually begins from a mole

Question 6

burns

Answer 6

• Injury to the skin or other organic tissue primarily caused by heat, radiation, electricity, chemicals.
• First degree- epidermis only
• Second degree- epidermis and dermis only
• Third degree- epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue

Question 7

hair

Answer 7

Hair follicle - Extends deep into dermis
- Connected to arrector pili muscle (smooth muscle) - causes hair to stand erect - “Goose bumps”

Question 8

sweat gland

Answer 8

menocrine and apocrine

Question 9

menocrine sweat glands

Answer 9

• Widely distributed in all parts of body- especially in palms, soles, forehead
• Coiled glands - discharge sweat directly onto skin surface
• Functions : thermal regulation and excretes wastes

Question 10

apocrine sweat glands

Answer 10

• Present in armpits, nipples, groin
• Coiled glands that open onto hair follicles
• Produces sticky cloudy liquid -odorous when broken down by bacteria

Question 11

sebaceous glands

Answer 11

Holocrine glands –> secrete sebum (oily). opens onto hair follicles

Functions: lubricate hair, skin surface

Question 12

acne

Answer 12

• Disorder of pilo-sebaceous glands
• Causes - Increased sebum, sensitiveness to androgens and abnormal keratinization & infection

Question 13

nails - modified hair follicle

Answer 13

Nail body (plate) - Visible part of nail, dense mass of keratin

Cuticle (eponychium) - Fold of skin at base of nail

Lunula - Pale crescent around base of nail