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Anatomy > test 3 integumentary > Flashcards

test 3 integumentary Flashcards

1
Q

structure of skin

A

epidermis

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2
Q

epidermis latin

A

epi: upon or above
dermis: skin

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3
Q

epidermis definition

A

the upper most region

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4
Q

integumentary/epidermis function

A

protection of skin and underlying tissue
prevents H20 loss and gain

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5
Q

integumentary/epidermis structure

A

stratified squamous epithelial

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6
Q

integumentary/epidermis cells

A

keratinocytes
melanocytes
langerhans cells
merkel cells

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7
Q

keratinocytes

A

“horn like”

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8
Q

melanocytes

A

melan: black
8% of epithelial
produce melanin
transfer melanin to keratinocytes
cells form a “veil” over the nucleus to protect the DNA from UV rays/ damages

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9
Q

langerhan’s cells

A

dendritic cells
originate in red bone marrow (found in long bones)
initiate immune response

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10
Q

merkel cells

A

least abundant
found in deepest layer of epidermis
touch and pressure

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11
Q

layers of epidermis

A

hypodermis
dermis
stratum basale
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum
stratum corneum

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12
Q

stratum basale

A

furthest away from surface
single layer
tissue regeneration (youngest skin at the bottom, oldest at the top)

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13
Q

stratum spinosum

A

8-20 layers
means thorn-like
when cells are fixed: spiny/thorn like in appearance
helps connect joining cells

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14
Q

stratum granulosum

A

3-5 layers
“little grains”
cells look flat
cells are dying/deteriorating: aka apoptosis

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15
Q

stratum lucidum

A

3-5 layers
clear
only found in THICK skin

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16
Q

stratum corneum

A

25-30 layers
horn like
the layer we continually shed because these are the dead skin cells
we lose in our life about 40 pounds of skin
where the layer thickens: callous

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17
Q

dermis found

A

found below epidermis

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18
Q

dermis function

A

lots of collagen and elastic fibers: to stretch or prevent tearing
-collagen helps bind H20 to skin= hydrated
holds body together
nutrition for skin and sensory perception

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19
Q

dermis structure

A

blood vessels, nerves, glands, hair follicles
dense irregular CT

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20
Q

papillary layer

A

cause epidermis to raise
ex) finger prints
areolar CT
receptors for touch, pain, pressure

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21
Q

hypodermis found

A

subcutaneous layer (fat layer)

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22
Q

hypodermis function

A

fat storage, energy source, insulation, nerve endings

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23
Q

hypodermis structure

A

areolar and adipose CT
attach itself to organs/tissues
large blood vessels -> supply the skin

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24
Q

skin color

A

melanin
carotene
hemoglobin

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25
Q

melanin

A

produced by melanocytes
all humans have the same # of melanocytes but its the amount of melanin being produced

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26
Q

albinism

A

no melanin is produced in hair, skin, eye

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27
Q

freckles

A

accumulations of melanin

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28
Q

carotene

A

“carrot”
vitamin A: precursor to help with vision

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29
Q

hemoglobin

A

pink -> red pigments
due to the amount of hemoglobin and O2 in blood

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30
Q

what is the largest organ of your body

A

skin/epidermis/integumentary

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31
Q

when you look at your skin, which layer can you actually see

A

epidermis

32
Q

what gives skin its color

A

melanin

33
Q

what is the primary function of the integumentary system

A

to protect

34
Q

thick skin is found

A

the palms of the hands and soles of the feet

35
Q

the ____ you go through the epidermis, the ______ the cells get

A

deeper; younger

36
Q

why is getting too much sun bad for you

A

UV radiation damages the elastin fibers in skin
UV radiation can cause DNA damage which could lead to cancer
sun exposure can depress the skin’s immune response

37
Q

so then the cells at the surface of the skin are

A

older

38
Q

one of the main functions of the skin is sensation which includes

A

touch, pressure, temperature and pain

39
Q

the hypodermis is made of adipose tissue, which is

A

fat

40
Q

which are parts of your Integumentary System

A

skin, nails, hair

41
Q

which type of corpuscles detect pressure

A

lamellar

42
Q

lamellar corpuscles

A

detect pressure, corpuscles are also known as Pacinian corpuscles

43
Q

what type of corpuscles detect light touch

A

tactile

44
Q

tactile

A

sensitive to light touch

45
Q

when you need more blood supplied to your organs (e.g. when you are working out) your nervous system _____ your dermal blood vessels to release the extra blood into circulation

A

constricts (vasoconstricts)

46
Q

another function of the integumentary system

A

about 5% of your blood volume is retained in your skin at any given time

47
Q

thermoregulation

A

the process your body uses to maintain your internal body temperature at or around the set point of 37C

48
Q

hypothermia

A

the condition that results when your internal body temperature falls below the set point of 37C

49
Q

a yellowing of the skin, or ______, may indicate that the liver is unable to excrete bile. As a result, a yellowish pigment accumulates in body fluids. l In advanced stages, the skin and whites of the eye turn yellow.

A

jaundice

50
Q

blue skin, or _____, can occur when exposed to cold temperatures for prolonged periods of time. During a sustained reduction in the circulatory supply, the oxygen levels in the tissues decline (also known as hypoxia), and under these conditions, hemoglobin releases oxygen and turns a much darker red. In addition to poor circulation, blue skin may also be an indication of heart failure or severe respiratory issues.

A

cyanosis

51
Q

skin that appears flushed and red in color is known as ____. Other conditions that can result in a more pronounced red coloration of the skin include: fever, inflammation and allergy.

A

erythema

52
Q

cells responsible for the production of melanin are called ____

A

melanocytes

53
Q

melanoma

A

melanoma is a form of skin cancer

54
Q

Our skin cells contain a molecule that converts to vitamin ____ when it comes into contact with UV light. It is the only vitamin that our body can actually produce on its own.

A

Vitamin D

55
Q

vitamin D that your body produces is important

A

in bone cell development

56
Q

the ____ is the portion of the hair that extends above the epidermis and is where keratinization is complete

A

shaft

57
Q

shaft

A

the portion which we see on the surface. it extends from the halfway point of the hair (that is anchored into the skin) to the exposed tip of the hair.

58
Q

the skin contains two types of swear glands, or _____ glands. These glands secrete salty, watery sweat.

A

sudoiferous

59
Q

____ sweat glands (also called merocrine sweat glands) can be found in the palms, forehead and soles of the feet

A

eccrine

60
Q

____ sweat glands can be found in the armpits, around the nipples and in the pubic region and secrete their products into hair follicles around the hairs in the armpits, nipples and groin

A

apocrine

61
Q

____ glands, or oil glands, are holocrine glands that discharge an oily lipid secretion called sebum into hair follicles. they are found everywhere except tin the thick skin (in the palms of the hand and soles of the feet)

A

sebaceous

62
Q

defenses and initial injury

A

skin
mucous membranes
cilia
strong stomach acid

63
Q

inflammatory response

A

generalized, non-specifc body response
attempts to prevemt further

64
Q

immune response

A

extreme specific
vigorously attacks harmful invades (bacteria, viruses, toxins)

65
Q

regeneration

A

replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells

66
Q

fibrosis

A

repair by dense (fibrous) connective tissue (formation of scar tissue)

67
Q

clean cuts

A

usually heal well

68
Q

ragged tears

A

more likely to scar

69
Q

granulation tisue

A

delicate pink tissue, new capillaries form here
new capillaries form from nearby, undamaged blood vessels
bleed freely if scab is picked

70
Q

phagocytes

A

dispose of blood clot
break down connective tissue cells (fibroblasts)

71
Q

collagen fibers

A

made by fibroblasts
scar tissue (permanently bridges gap)

72
Q

surface tissue regenrates

A

makes its way across granulation tissue (just under scab)
scab detaches

73
Q

beautiful healing

A

skin epidermis
mucous membranes
fibrous connective tissues (collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers)
bone

74
Q

poor regeneration

A

skeletal muscle

75
Q

replaced largely with scar tissue

A

cardiac muscle
nervous tissue

76
Q

scar tissue characteristics

A

strong
lacks flexibility

77
Q

scar tissue functions

A

not able to carry out functions of tissue it replaces
homeostatic imbalance could occur in body systems
wall of bladder -> incontinence
heart -> decreased of oxygen delivery to tissues

Anatomy (7 decks)

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