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Pharmacology I > TEST 3 - Antibiotics > Flashcards

TEST 3 - Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

ANTIBIOTICS ARE FOR _____________ INFECTIONS

A

BACTERIAL INFECTIONS

ANTIBIOTICS DON’T TREAT VIRUSES

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2
Q

EMPIRICAL THERAPY

A

TAKING YOUR BEST GUESS

KNOWING WHATS OUT THERE (BACTERIA WISE) AND STARTING SOMEONE ON SOMETHING BEFORE KNOWING WHAT IT IS.

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3
Q

SUPERINFECTION

A

GETTING ANOTHER INFECTION BECAUSE THE ANTIBIOTICS KILL YOUR NORMAL BACTERIA

EX. TAKING ANTIBIOTICS THEN YOU GET A YEAST INFECTION

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4
Q

BACTERIASIDAL

A

KILLS BACTERIA

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5
Q

BACTERIASTATIC

A

INHIBITS GROWTH, LEADS TO DEATH

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6
Q

CO-TRIMOXAZOLE/SEPTRA INDICATIONS

SULFONOMIDES

A

DRUG OF CHOICE FOR UTIs BC IT WORKS WELL AGAINST E-COLI
ALSO USED TO PREVENT PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII

COMBINATION OF SULFAMETHOXAZOLE & TRIMETHOPRIM

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7
Q

CO-TRIMOXAZOLE/SEPTRA ADVERSE EFFECTS

SULFONOMIDES

A

PHOTO-SENSITIVITY & STEVENS JOHNSON SYNDROME (HIVES & SLUFFING OF SKIN) ARE IMPORTANT ADVERSE EFFECTS

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8
Q

CO-TRIMOXAZOLE/SEPTRA CONTRAINDICATIONS

SULFONOMIDES

A

DON’T GIVE TO PREGNANT WOMEN OR YOUNG BABIES

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9
Q

CO-TRIMOXAZOLE/SEPTRA NURSING IMPLICATIONS

A

WATCH FOR ALLERGIES R/T SULFONUREAS
HAS ADDITIVE EFFECT WITH OTHER SULFAS
CAN REDUCE EFFECTIVENESS OF ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES

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10
Q

CLAVULIN INDICATIONS

A

AMOXICILLIN + CLAVULANIC ACID
STAPH INFECTIONS
STREP INFECTIONS (MOST COMMONLY)

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11
Q

CEPHALOSPORINS & _______________ INTERACTION INSTANCE

A

PENICILLINS

IF SOMEONE IS ALLERGIC TO PENICILLIN & IS ORDERED A CEPHALOSPORIN - CALL DR TO VERIFY. THEY MAY ALLOW IT, BUT DEF. CALL.**

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12
Q

FIRST GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS - CEPHALEXIN - ARE GRAM- _________

A

POSITIVE

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13
Q

CEPHALEXIN IS INDICATED FOR?

A

SURGICAL PROPHYLAXIS
UPPER RESP INFECTIONS
OTITIS MEDIA

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14
Q

CEFUROXIME (ZINACEF) 2ND GEN. INDICATED FOR ?

A

SURGICAL PROPHYLAXIS

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15
Q

CEFTRIAXONE (ROCEPHIN) 3RD GEN.

A

LONG HALF LIFE
ONCE A DAY DOSING
IV & IM
BEST CEPHALOSPORIN AGAINST GRAM NEGATIVE

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16
Q

CEFTRIAXONE (ROCEPHIN) 3RD GEN. INDICATIONS

A

MENINGITIS

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17
Q

CEFEPRIME 4TH GEN. ARE BEST AGAINST GRAM-______

A

POSITIVE

18
Q

CARBAPENEMS

A

CAN CAUSE SEIZURES
BROAD SPECTRUM
RESERVED SOME COMPLICATED BODY CAVITY INFECTIONS

19
Q

MACROLIDES ‘THROMYCINS’

A

ERYTHROMYCIN IS THE WORST ON YOUR STOMACH BUT ALL ARE THE BAD ON THE G.I.
GOOD CHOICE FOR PERSONS ALLERGIC TO PENICILLIN
USED FOR STDs, STREP
TAKE WITH FOOD EVEN THOUGH THE ABSORPTION IS INCREASED ON EMPTY STOMACH
ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES

20
Q

TETRACYCLINE ‘CYCLINES’

A

USED FOR ACNE (MOST COMMON)
SHOULDN’T TAKE ANTACIDS OR DAIRY AT THE SAME TIME. SHOULD BE TAKEN 2 HOURS APART.
CAUSES TOOTH DISCOLORATION IN PREGNANT WOMEN AND CHILDREN
INCREASED PHOTO-SENSITIVITY
ISSUES WITH CALCIUM - THEREFORE PROBLEMS WITH TEETH, DAIRY, ANTACIDS

21
Q

GENERAL IMPLICATIONS FOR ANTIBIOTICS

A

COUMADIN, SULFA DRUGS/SULFONOREAS, BIRTH CONTROL PILLS

TAKE WITH WATER - NOT WITH COFFEE, JUICE, ETC..

22
Q

IF CULTURES ARE ORDERED ALWAYS TAKE THE CULTURES ____________

A

FIRST

CULTURES ARE SENT BEFORE YOU ADMINISTER ANTIBIOTICS. IF ANTIBIOTICS ARE STAT, STILL TAKE CULTURES BEFORE GIVING ANTIBIOTICS

23
Q

KIDNEY ISSUES MEANS _______ GOES UP

A

CREATININE

24
Q

AMINOGLYCOSIDES ‘MICINS’
GENTAMICIN
TOBRAMICIN

A

*VERY POTENT - NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX SO DRAW BLOOD LEVELS
*OTOTOXIC & NEPHROTOXIC
*GIVEN IV B/C OF POOR ABSORPTION
EXCEPT NEOMYCIN - CAN BE GIVEN ORALLY OR ENEMA TO DECONTAMINATE GI TRACT BEFORE SURGERY (REALLY IS TOPICAL)
*DANGEROUS WITH PREGNANT WOMEN
*DANGEROUS WITH LACTATING WOMEN
*DANGEROUS WITH VANCOMYCIN, AMPHOTERIN B, CYCLOSPORIN, LASIX, COUMADIN

25
Q

FLUOROQUINOLONES ‘FLOXACINS’
LEVOFLOXACIN
CIPROFLOXACIN

A
  • CANNOT BE GIVEN WITH ANTACIDS, IRON OR ZINC
  • DRUG OF CHOICE FOR ANTHRAX
  • COMMONLY USED FOR PNEUMONIA
  • AVOID IN PT’S WITH ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUGS
26
Q

CLINDAMYCIN

A

MAY CAUSE PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS

USED FOR PNEUMOCYSTIS

27
Q

METRONIDAZOLE (FLAGYL) INDICATIONS

A

USED FOR STOMACH AND GYNIE STUFF

28
Q

LINEZOLD INDICATIONS

A

USED FOR MRSA

29
Q

VANCOMYSIN

A
  • DRUG OF CHOICE FOR MRSA
  • MONITOR BLOOD LEVELS BC IT CAUSES OTOTOXICITY & NEPHROTOXICITY
  • REDMAN SYNDROME CAN OCCUR
  • GIVE SLOWLY OVER 60 MINUTES
30
Q

NEPHROTOXICITY

A

MONITOR:
BP
WEIGHT GAIN
I&O

31
Q

ANTI-VIRALS WORK BETTER THE ________ YOU USE THEM

THE BETTER THE IMMUNE SYSTEM, THE BETTER THE ___________

A

SOONER

RESPONSE

32
Q

AMANTADINE

A
  • USED FOR INFLUENZA-A
  • CAN BE USED PROPHYLACTICALLY FOR IMMUNOCOMPROMIZED
  • REDUCE RECOVERY TIME
33
Q

ACYCLOVIR

A

*SUPPRESSES VARISCELLA

HERPES, CHICKENPOX, SHINGLES

34
Q

GANCICLOVIR - CYTOVENE

A

*TREATS CMV - CYTOMEGALOVIRUS

35
Q

RIBAVIRIN - VIRAZOLE

A
  • FOR HOSPITALIZED INFANTS WITH RSV

* INHALED

36
Q

OSELTAMIVIT (TAMIFLU) & ZANAMIVIR (RELENZA)

A
  • USED FOR INFLUENZA A & B

* TREATMENT SHOULD BEGIN WITHIN TWO DAYS OF ONSET

37
Q

ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS:
ENFUVIRTIDE
RITONAVIR
NEVIRAPINE

A
  • USUALLY TAKES AT LEAST 3 MEDS TO KEEP VIRAL LOAD LOW
  • MANY SIDE EFFECTS - CAN LIMIT USE. GOAL IS TO FIND A BALANCE.
  • NOT CURATIVE. MANAGE SYMPTOMS.
38
Q

WHY WOULD YOU TAKE SOMEONE OFF ZIDOVUDINE

A

WBCS DROP BELOW 3500 OR PLATELETS BELOW 200,000

39
Q

WATCH CIPROFLOXACIN WITH _________ DRUGS

A

GI DRUGS LIKE MAALOX

40
Q

RIFAMPIN TURNS YOUR URINE & TEARS ____________

A

ORANGE

Pharmacology I (13 decks)

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