TEST 3 - Antibiotics Flashcards
ANTIBIOTICS ARE FOR _____________ INFECTIONS
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
ANTIBIOTICS DON’T TREAT VIRUSES
EMPIRICAL THERAPY
TAKING YOUR BEST GUESS
KNOWING WHATS OUT THERE (BACTERIA WISE) AND STARTING SOMEONE ON SOMETHING BEFORE KNOWING WHAT IT IS.
SUPERINFECTION
GETTING ANOTHER INFECTION BECAUSE THE ANTIBIOTICS KILL YOUR NORMAL BACTERIA
EX. TAKING ANTIBIOTICS THEN YOU GET A YEAST INFECTION
BACTERIASIDAL
KILLS BACTERIA
BACTERIASTATIC
INHIBITS GROWTH, LEADS TO DEATH
CO-TRIMOXAZOLE/SEPTRA INDICATIONS
SULFONOMIDES
DRUG OF CHOICE FOR UTIs BC IT WORKS WELL AGAINST E-COLI
ALSO USED TO PREVENT PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII
COMBINATION OF SULFAMETHOXAZOLE & TRIMETHOPRIM
CO-TRIMOXAZOLE/SEPTRA ADVERSE EFFECTS
SULFONOMIDES
PHOTO-SENSITIVITY & STEVENS JOHNSON SYNDROME (HIVES & SLUFFING OF SKIN) ARE IMPORTANT ADVERSE EFFECTS
CO-TRIMOXAZOLE/SEPTRA CONTRAINDICATIONS
SULFONOMIDES
DON’T GIVE TO PREGNANT WOMEN OR YOUNG BABIES
CO-TRIMOXAZOLE/SEPTRA NURSING IMPLICATIONS
WATCH FOR ALLERGIES R/T SULFONUREAS
HAS ADDITIVE EFFECT WITH OTHER SULFAS
CAN REDUCE EFFECTIVENESS OF ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES
CLAVULIN INDICATIONS
AMOXICILLIN + CLAVULANIC ACID
STAPH INFECTIONS
STREP INFECTIONS (MOST COMMONLY)
CEPHALOSPORINS & _______________ INTERACTION INSTANCE
PENICILLINS
IF SOMEONE IS ALLERGIC TO PENICILLIN & IS ORDERED A CEPHALOSPORIN - CALL DR TO VERIFY. THEY MAY ALLOW IT, BUT DEF. CALL.**
FIRST GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS - CEPHALEXIN - ARE GRAM- _________
POSITIVE
CEPHALEXIN IS INDICATED FOR?
SURGICAL PROPHYLAXIS
UPPER RESP INFECTIONS
OTITIS MEDIA
CEFUROXIME (ZINACEF) 2ND GEN. INDICATED FOR ?
SURGICAL PROPHYLAXIS
CEFTRIAXONE (ROCEPHIN) 3RD GEN.
LONG HALF LIFE
ONCE A DAY DOSING
IV & IM
BEST CEPHALOSPORIN AGAINST GRAM NEGATIVE
CEFTRIAXONE (ROCEPHIN) 3RD GEN. INDICATIONS
MENINGITIS
CEFEPRIME 4TH GEN. ARE BEST AGAINST GRAM-______
POSITIVE
CARBAPENEMS
CAN CAUSE SEIZURES
BROAD SPECTRUM
RESERVED SOME COMPLICATED BODY CAVITY INFECTIONS
MACROLIDES ‘THROMYCINS’
ERYTHROMYCIN IS THE WORST ON YOUR STOMACH BUT ALL ARE THE BAD ON THE G.I.
GOOD CHOICE FOR PERSONS ALLERGIC TO PENICILLIN
USED FOR STDs, STREP
TAKE WITH FOOD EVEN THOUGH THE ABSORPTION IS INCREASED ON EMPTY STOMACH
ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES
TETRACYCLINE ‘CYCLINES’
USED FOR ACNE (MOST COMMON)
SHOULDN’T TAKE ANTACIDS OR DAIRY AT THE SAME TIME. SHOULD BE TAKEN 2 HOURS APART.
CAUSES TOOTH DISCOLORATION IN PREGNANT WOMEN AND CHILDREN
INCREASED PHOTO-SENSITIVITY
ISSUES WITH CALCIUM - THEREFORE PROBLEMS WITH TEETH, DAIRY, ANTACIDS
GENERAL IMPLICATIONS FOR ANTIBIOTICS
COUMADIN, SULFA DRUGS/SULFONOREAS, BIRTH CONTROL PILLS
TAKE WITH WATER - NOT WITH COFFEE, JUICE, ETC..
IF CULTURES ARE ORDERED ALWAYS TAKE THE CULTURES ____________
FIRST
CULTURES ARE SENT BEFORE YOU ADMINISTER ANTIBIOTICS. IF ANTIBIOTICS ARE STAT, STILL TAKE CULTURES BEFORE GIVING ANTIBIOTICS
KIDNEY ISSUES MEANS _______ GOES UP
CREATININE
AMINOGLYCOSIDES ‘MICINS’
GENTAMICIN
TOBRAMICIN
*VERY POTENT - NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX SO DRAW BLOOD LEVELS
*OTOTOXIC & NEPHROTOXIC
*GIVEN IV B/C OF POOR ABSORPTION
EXCEPT NEOMYCIN - CAN BE GIVEN ORALLY OR ENEMA TO DECONTAMINATE GI TRACT BEFORE SURGERY (REALLY IS TOPICAL)
*DANGEROUS WITH PREGNANT WOMEN
*DANGEROUS WITH LACTATING WOMEN
*DANGEROUS WITH VANCOMYCIN, AMPHOTERIN B, CYCLOSPORIN, LASIX, COUMADIN
FLUOROQUINOLONES ‘FLOXACINS’
LEVOFLOXACIN
CIPROFLOXACIN
- CANNOT BE GIVEN WITH ANTACIDS, IRON OR ZINC
- DRUG OF CHOICE FOR ANTHRAX
- COMMONLY USED FOR PNEUMONIA
- AVOID IN PT’S WITH ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUGS
CLINDAMYCIN
MAY CAUSE PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS
USED FOR PNEUMOCYSTIS
METRONIDAZOLE (FLAGYL) INDICATIONS
USED FOR STOMACH AND GYNIE STUFF
LINEZOLD INDICATIONS
USED FOR MRSA
VANCOMYSIN
- DRUG OF CHOICE FOR MRSA
- MONITOR BLOOD LEVELS BC IT CAUSES OTOTOXICITY & NEPHROTOXICITY
- REDMAN SYNDROME CAN OCCUR
- GIVE SLOWLY OVER 60 MINUTES
NEPHROTOXICITY
MONITOR:
BP
WEIGHT GAIN
I&O
ANTI-VIRALS WORK BETTER THE ________ YOU USE THEM
THE BETTER THE IMMUNE SYSTEM, THE BETTER THE ___________
SOONER
RESPONSE
AMANTADINE
- USED FOR INFLUENZA-A
- CAN BE USED PROPHYLACTICALLY FOR IMMUNOCOMPROMIZED
- REDUCE RECOVERY TIME
ACYCLOVIR
*SUPPRESSES VARISCELLA
HERPES, CHICKENPOX, SHINGLES
GANCICLOVIR - CYTOVENE
*TREATS CMV - CYTOMEGALOVIRUS
RIBAVIRIN - VIRAZOLE
- FOR HOSPITALIZED INFANTS WITH RSV
* INHALED
OSELTAMIVIT (TAMIFLU) & ZANAMIVIR (RELENZA)
- USED FOR INFLUENZA A & B
* TREATMENT SHOULD BEGIN WITHIN TWO DAYS OF ONSET
ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS:
ENFUVIRTIDE
RITONAVIR
NEVIRAPINE
- USUALLY TAKES AT LEAST 3 MEDS TO KEEP VIRAL LOAD LOW
- MANY SIDE EFFECTS - CAN LIMIT USE. GOAL IS TO FIND A BALANCE.
- NOT CURATIVE. MANAGE SYMPTOMS.
WHY WOULD YOU TAKE SOMEONE OFF ZIDOVUDINE
WBCS DROP BELOW 3500 OR PLATELETS BELOW 200,000
WATCH CIPROFLOXACIN WITH _________ DRUGS
GI DRUGS LIKE MAALOX
RIFAMPIN TURNS YOUR URINE & TEARS ____________
ORANGE