Test 2 Flashcards
INCREASED URINE FORMATION
DIURESIS
A drop of 20 mm Hg or more in systolic blood pressure and of 10 mm Hg in diastolic blood pressure within 3 minutes when the client rises from a lying or sitting position to a standing position
ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION
A greater-than-normal amount of potassium in
the blood.
MORE THAN 5.0 mmol/L
HYPERKALEMIA
A level of uric acid in the blood that is abnormally high.
Hyperuricemia
LOW SODIUM
BELOW 135 mmol/L
HYPONATREMIA
An excess of fluid in the interstitial compartment.
EDEMA
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity.
ASCITES
WHAT TYPE OF DRUG accelerates the rate of urine formation?
DIURETIC DRUGS
WHAT TYPE OF DRUG?
First-line drugs in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure
Result: removal of sodium and water
DIURETICS
WHICH DRUG REDUCES:
extracellular fluid volume
plasma volume
cardiac output
DIURETICS
WHICH TYPE OF DRUG DOES THIS LIST OF DRUG CLASSES BELONG TO: Loop diuretics Osmotic diuretics Potassium-sparing diuretics Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (CAIs)
Diuretic Drugs - Classes
USES FOR WHICH TYPE OF DRUG
• Treat edema that involves fluid volume excess resulting from a number of
disorders of the heart, liver, or kidney
• Hypertension
DIURETICS
IF WATER IS NOT ABSORBED IT IS SECRETED AS _______.
URINE
COMMON DRUGS FROM WHICH CLASS OF DIURETICS?
furosemide (Lasix) **
LOOP DIURETICS
____________ ____________ ____________ CAUSES:
Reduced blood pressure (BP)
Reduced pulmonary vascular resistance
Reduced systemic vascular resistance
Reduced central venous pressure
Reduced left ventricular end-diastolic pressure
DECREASED FLUID VOLUME
CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR WHICH TYPE OF DRUG:
• Dehydration, hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hypokalemia
• Unusual tiredness, weakness, dizziness
• Irregular heart beat, weak pulse, orthostatic hypotension
• Tinnitus, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, hearing loss (Lasix)
DIURETICS
PRECAUTIONS FOR WHICH TYPE OF DRUG
• Fluid and electrolyte depletion, gout
• Clients taking digitalis, lithium, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and other antihypertensive medications
DIURETICS
WHAT CLASS OF DIURETICS IS INDICATED FOR HYPERCALCEMIA?
LOOP DIURETICS - INCREASES THE RENAL SECRETION OF CALCIUM
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics: Indications for ____________
Hyperaldosteronism
Hypertension *****
To reverse the potassium loss caused by potassium-losing drugs
Certain cases of heart failure
spironolactone (Aldactone)
COMMON DRUGS FROM WHICH CLASS OF DIURETIC
mannitol (Osmitrol) ** IV ONLY
OSMOTIC DIURETICS
Thiazide and Thiazide-Like Diuretics
COMMON _________ diuretics
hydrochlorothiazide **
Thiazide
________ _________ Diuretics
spironolactone (Aldactone)*****
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
Also known as aldosterone-inhibiting diuretics
POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS PROMOTES THE _________ OF SODIUM & WATER.
EXCRETION
______________ DIURETICS: Significant drug interactions with:
lithium
angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
Potassium supplements
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics