Test 3 Flashcards
What is keratitis?
Inflammation or infection of cornea caused by bacteria, viruses, funguses, or corneal ulcers
What is conjunctivitis?
Pink eye, caused by viral, bacterial, or from allergies
What is a corneal abrasion?
Localized painful disruption of the epithelial layer of the cornea. Can be visualized w/ fluorescein dye. Can lead to keratitis
What are cataracts?
An opacity of the lens
Primary cause of reduced vision and blindness
Person w/ normal lifespan more likely to have a cataract surgery than any other surgery
What are congenital cataracts?
Can be ID in NB nursery
Intervention is necessary as soon as possible
What is amblyopia?
Lazy eye
not corrective by refractive means
Develops if strabismus is not treated (if develops under age of 4 and not treated, vision loss can occur)
What is glaucoma? Who is this more common amongst?
Group of disorders characterized by:
Increased intraocular pressure by unequal inflow and outflow of aqueous humor
Optic nerve atrophy
Peripheral visual field loss
More common among people of African decent
What are the types of glaucoma?
Primary open angle glaucoma
Primary angle closure glaucoma
Secondary glaucoma
What is presbycusis?
Hearing loss due to aging
What is tinnitus?
Ringing in the ears
What is Meniere’s disease?
Sudden, severe attacks of vertigo, nausea, and vomiting
Cause of disease is unknown
Onset of 30-60 years
What is myopia?
Nearsightedness
The client can see near but not far away
What is hyperopia?
Farsightedness
The client can see far away but not near
What is presbyopia?
Loss of accommodation associated with age
Usually appears at 40
inability to accommodate for nearby objects
What is functional blindness?
Some light perception but no useable vision
What is partial sight?
Not legally blind but has limited visual acuity and may benefit from vision enhancement techniques
What qualifies someone as legally blind?
Has gone through correction techniques yet is only capable of 20/200 vision with the better eye
May have SOME useable vision
Eligible for government assistance
What are some signs and symptoms of contact problems?
Redness
Sensitivity
Vision problems
Pain
What is primary open angle glaucoma?
This is the most common form of glaucoma. It happens when the eye’s drainage canals become clogged over time. The inner eye pressure (also called intraocular pressure or IOP) rises because the correct amount of fluid can’t drain out of the eye. With open-angle glaucoma, the entrances to the drainage canals are clear and should be working correctly. The clogging problem occurs further inside the drainage canals.
What is primary angle closure glaucoma?
This is a closed angle type of glaucoma, i.e. the iris is found to be blocking the drainage of the eye through the trabecular meshwork. It is a primary glaucoma because there is no known cause relating to another condition, although the problem itself is clearly visible and related to the depth of the drainage angle of the eye (which is narrow)
What is secondary glaucoma?
Secondary glaucoma is caused by a secondary condition like a very mature cataract, inflammation inside your eye (the doctor will call this uveitis), bleeding, eye tumor, or a previous eye injury. If you have diabetes, extra blood vessels can form inside your eye and block the outflow of fluid. This severe form of the disease is called neovascular glaucoma
What is a normal IOP?
10 to 21 mmHg
IOP varies throughout the day and is normally higher in the morning
What is astigmatism?
Occurs due to irregular curvature of the cornea where the image focuses on two different points on the retina
If a client has a penetrating object in their eye what interventions must be done?
DO NOT REMOVE THE OBJECT
Cover the eye with a cup and tape in place
Do not allow the client to bend over or lie flat as these positions can move the object
Do not place pressure on the eye and send them to the HCP immediately
What intervention must be done with a patient with chemicals on the eye?
Quickly assess the client and their visual acuity
Irrigate the eye for 15 to 20 mins
Assess the clients response and document the event
What is genital herpes?
Caused by the Herpes simplex 2 virus Appears as small red bumps around the genitals and red rash, pain while urinating, and sore ulcers Will appear during flareups Tests done to exam for herpes are: Physical exam Viral culture Blood test Nucleic acid amplification test (To check for the presence of viral DNA)
What is used to treat genital herpes?
Antivirals (Acyclovir Famciclovir Valacyclovir)
Self-care(Use mild cleansers when bathing or showering in warm water.
Keep the infected site clean and dry.
Wear loose, cotton clothing to keep the area comfortable)
What is HPV?
Human papillomavirus Appears as warts on the body with the genital warts being highly contagious Testing for HPV includes: Vinegar testing Pap smear Genetic test Physical examination
What is used to treat HPV?
Antitumor medication
Cryotherapy
An HPV vaccine can be used to prevent HPV outright
What is chlamydia?
Chlamydia is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis
What is primary menstrual dysfunction?
Severe side effects of a period such as painful cramping and headaches
Usually starts with the primary onset of menstruations
What is secondary menstrual dysfunction?
Occurs later in life
Caused by secondary processes such as infections, disease, or fibroids
What is ADHD?
ADHD is a disorder that begins at a young age and continues throughout the patients life For children symptoms will present as Easily distracted Trouble focusing on tasks Doesn’t follow or finish tasks Often loses things Tends to daydream Hyperactivity For adults present as Anxiety Depression Low self esteem Mood swings Impulsiveness
What medication can be used to treat a woman who is infertile? What does it do?
Clomid (dlomiphene)
Clomid tricks the body into thinking estrogen levels are low which prompts the body into releasing a mature egg.
A side effect is pseudo mesopause as the drug is an anti estrogen agent
What medications are used to treat erectile dysfunction? What are some precautions with these medications?
Cialis (Tadalafil) Viagra (Sildenafil) Avoid alcohol Avoid co-administration with antihypertensive agents Change position slowly Report hearing loss or ringing in ears May have dizziness and headache Don’t take with Nitrates Seek medical care if a priapism occurs
