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Fitness Assessment > Test #3 > Flashcards

Test #3 Flashcards

1
Q

How much times higher than a person’s usual maximal oxygen uptake does the wingate require?

A

2-4 times higher

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2
Q

How can errors occur with skinfold measurements?

A
  1. Technician
  2. Caliper
  3. Client
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3
Q

True or False: The more sites you measure, the more accurate your predicted BF% is

A

False. There isn’t much difference between 3 or 7 site methods

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4
Q

Formula for Power

A

force x distance / time

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5
Q

What is measured in the Wingate?

A

Peak Anaerobic Power

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6
Q

Fick Equation Formula?

A

V02 = CO x (a - VO2 diff)

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7
Q

What are the pros of the BIA?

A
  1. Non Invasive
  2. Portable
  3. Safe
  4. Low Cost
  5. Correlates better with body fat than BMI
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8
Q

For small girths, how many measurements should you take, and how close should they be?

A

2, and 0.2cm

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9
Q

How does ADP work?

A

measures volume of air an object displaces inside an enclosed chamber

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10
Q

BIA

A

Bioelectrical Impedence Analysis

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11
Q

DXA or DEXA

A

Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry

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12
Q

What are some other anaerobic tests?

A
  1. Vertical Jump
  2. Margaris Step Running Test
  3. High Velocity Treadmill Running
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13
Q

For large girths, how many measurements should you take, and how close should they be to eachother?

A

2, and 1cm

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14
Q

Definition: Plethysmography

A

measurement of size, usually volume

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15
Q

What are SKFs indirectly measuring?

A

thickness of subcutaneous adipose tissue

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16
Q

True or False: Circumference measurements are preferable to skinfolds. Why or why not?

A

True. Requires less technician skill.

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17
Q

Chronic adaptations to exercise

A

↓ HR and BP at rest and any submaximal workload

↑ SV at rest and any submaximal workload

↑ EDV

↑ capillary density

↑ mitochondrial density

↑ total blood volume

↑ lactate threshold (occurs at higher intensity)

improved glucose tolerance and reduction in insulin requirements

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18
Q

Record to the nearest how much for skin calipers?

A

1mm

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19
Q

Which body parts are considered “small girths”?

A
  1. Calf
  2. Ankle
  3. Forearm
  4. Thigh
  5. Arm
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20
Q

how many skinfolds do you need to do to be good at them

A

50-100

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21
Q

What was the Wingate Test named after?

A

A university in Israel

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22
Q

Estimate of skinfolds is accurate to what differential?

A

+ or - 3.5

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23
Q

What does TBM stand for & consist of?

A

Total Body Mass

Fatty Mass (FM) & Lean Body Mass (LBM)

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24
Q

Actute Responses to exercise

A

↑ CO

↑ HR

↑SV

↑EDV (because of the Frank Starling Mechanism)

↑ a-V02 diff

↑ venous return

redistribution of blood flow

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25
Q

FI

A

Fatigue Index: % of peak power drop off during high intensity, short duration work

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26
Q

Ideal Body Weight formula?

A

Ideal Body Weight = Present LBM / (100% - desired fat %)

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27
Q

Don’t drink alcohol how many hours before a BIA?

A

48

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28
Q

What assumption are you making when you take a skinfold measurment?

A

amount of subcutaneous fat in a particular skinfold is proportional to total amount of overall body fat

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29
Q

Two definitions for V02 max?

A
  1. rate of oxygen uptake during maximal aerobic exercise
  2. largest amount of oxygen an individual can utilize during strenuous exercise to complete exhaustion
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30
Q

What is adipose tissue a matrix of?

A

connective tissue, blood vessels and cells

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31
Q

What are the cons of the BIA?

A
  1. Not reliable in obese individuals
  2. Water retention error
  3. Underestimates fat mass in obese individuals
32
Q

Definition: Anthropometry

A

measurement of the size and proportion of the human body

measurement of human dimensions

33
Q

What is the gold standard for measuring anaerobic capacity?

A

There is no gold standard

34
Q

PP

A

Peak Power: maximum power exerted during very short duration (5 sec or less) work

35
Q

What is the force setting for leg ergometry? arm?

A

leg - 0.075kg per kg of body weight

arm - 0.050kg per kg of body weight

36
Q

What assumptions does the Underwater Weighing method use?

A
  1. Fat mass density is constant throughout the body (0.007 g cm3), which is correct
  2. Fat free mass density is constant throughout the body (1.100 g cm3), which is problematic
  3. Bones always represent 17% of fat free mass
37
Q

Pros and Cons of UWW

A

Pros

  1. Fairly Accurate
  2. Inexpensive

Cons

  1. Time and Labour intensive
  2. Often disliked by obese subjects
  3. Discomfort about the water tank
  4. Inability to perform maneuvers
  5. Required pool or water tank
38
Q

Definition: Agility

A

the ability to stop, start & change direction of the whole body quickly

39
Q

What are two things that anthropometry includes?

A
  1. Skinfolds
  2. Circumferences or girth measures
40
Q

UWW

A

Under Water Weighing

41
Q

Under the best circumstances, underwater weighing can erstimate body fat within what percent margin of error?

A

2-3%

42
Q

What is the purpose of taking a client’s skinfolds?

A

estimate body fat percentage

43
Q

Why can’t you work out before getting skinfolds done?

A

Because you are sweaty.

44
Q

Why is estimating body composition useful?

A
  1. Estimating Healthy Body Weight
  2. Giving nutritional reccomendations & exercise prescriptions
  3. Estimating competetive weight for athletes
  4. monitoring growth
  5. Identifying risk due to under or over fatness
  6. assessing changes associated with aging, malnutrition, and certain diseases
  7. assessing effectiveness of nutrition and exercise
  8. selling memberships
45
Q

What are the 2 types of reference methods?

A
  1. Densitometry - HW & ADP (measures body volume, from which Db is calculated)
  2. Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry
46
Q

Populations for the Aerobic Tests?

A

mCAFT - 15 - 69

Treadmill - 20 - 59, sedentary

One Mile Walk - 20 - 69, sedentary or older

Cycle Ergometer - 15 - 69, prefer cycling, have difficulty with balance

47
Q

True or False: The Wingate is the most popular anaerobic test?

A

True

48
Q

What is Maximal Oxygen Uptake? What two sections can it be separated into?

A

Most valid measure of the functional capacity of the cardiorespiratory system

  1. Central - capacity of blood from the heart & lungs to deliver O2 to the working muscles
  2. Peripheral - ability of the muscles to use that O2 to create energy used by the working muscles
49
Q

True or False: Is Lean Body Mass completely fat free?

A

False, there is a small amount within that can not be separated.

50
Q

When and where was the wingate developed?

A

1970s

Department of Research and Sport Medicine of the Wingate Institute for Physical Education in Israel

51
Q

What are you at risk for if you have a high body composition

A
  1. cardiovascular
  2. pulmonary
  3. metabolic disorders
  4. osteoarthritis
  5. certain cancers
52
Q

Besides Total Body Mass, what are 3 other models of body mass and the year they were created?

A
  1. Matiegka (1921) - 4 components of TBM
  2. Drinkwater & Ross (1980) - adipose tissue, bone, skeletal muscle & residual
  3. Deborah Kerr (1988) 5 components, separates skin from residual
53
Q

WAT

A

Wingate Anaerobic Test

54
Q

ADP

A

Air Displacement Plethysmography

55
Q

Define: FM

A

Fatty Mass

dissectible adipose tissue + fat

56
Q

You should not drink how many hours before a BIA?

A

4

57
Q

What is our skin calipers called?

A

Slimguide

58
Q

In what circumstances would proportion of subcutaneous fat differ?

A
  1. genders
  2. ethnic groups
  3. age
  4. physical activity
59
Q

What is fat-free body composed of?

A
  1. water
  2. muscle (protein)
  3. bone (mineral)
60
Q

DEXA Pros and Cons

A

Pros

  1. High Accuracy
  2. Whole Body Measurments
  3. Compartmental Analysis
  4. Low Cost per measurement

Cons

  1. X-Ray Emission (1/10 of chest x-ray)
  2. Limitation in very obese (weight limit 150kg)
  3. Differences in values between DEXA companies (hologic vs ge-lunar)
61
Q

Take additional measurments if skinfold values differ by what two values?

A

2mm, 10%

62
Q

True or False: Client should inhale fully when underwater in Underwater Weighing.

A

False, they should exhale fully.

63
Q

HW

A

Hydrostatic Weighing

64
Q

Measure circumference to the nearest ?

A

0.1cm

65
Q

What body parts are considered “large girths”?

A
  1. Shoulder
  2. Chest
  3. Waist
  4. Abdomen
  5. Buttocks
66
Q

Which skinfold measurements do you use for your equation?

A

The two closest

67
Q

What are you at risk of with low body composition?

A
  1. Malnourished
  2. Electrolyte Imbalances
  3. Renal & Reproductive Disorders
  4. Osteoporosis
  5. Muscle Wasting
68
Q

True or False: A female’s menstrual cycle can affect the BIA test

A

True

69
Q

What is the difference between Gross and NET VO2?

A

Gross is the total oxygen consumed at rest & during exercise, while Net is oxygen consumed just during exercise.

70
Q

True or False: Percentage of body fat can be predicted from circumference measures alone.

A

True

71
Q

Are skinfolds accurate for obese individuals? Why or why not?

A

No, they underestimate BF%

72
Q

MP

A

Mean Power: average power exerted during short duration (30s) work

73
Q

What kind of order should you take SKF measurements in?

A

Rotational

74
Q

What are circumferences useful for?

A
  1. measuring gains/losses
  2. identify risk (waist)
  3. classify frame size (wrist)
  4. BF%
75
Q

What are the primary energy systems being used in the Wingate?

A

Phosphagen and Lactic Acid

76
Q

True or False: Adipose tissue is a good conductor of electricity

A

False

Fitness Assessment (5 decks)

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