test 3 Flashcards
cycles of chills, fever, and sweating, caused by a protozoan of the genus ______ in RBCs. transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected ____ mosquito.
plasmodium, anaopheles, malaria
ct/mri for trichinellosis?
3-8mm nodular lesions
lake and risver freshwater fish
diphyllobothriasis
what is the treatment for strongyloidiasis?
ivermectin and albendazole
what is the MC cause of meningitis in children and adults?
s. pneumniae
who does poorly with babesiosis?
asplenic
if someone has fever and celulitis what do you do?
immediate aspiration
encephalitis is mostly what?
viral
what is the MC congenital presentation of toxoplasmosis?
chroioretinitis, blurred vision to vision loss, SA, columbia, brazil
knee infection w/ a rash?
neisseria gonorrhea
treatment for trichinellosis?
steroids, albendazole, mebendazole
long term infections are associated w/ bladder cancer
s. haematobium
what leads to 10% of seizure in emergency departments?
cysticercosis
labs for schistosomiasis
stool or urine identification most practical
causes of viral meningitis?
- enterovirus
- herpesvirus
- arthropod-borne viruses
- HIV
where is paragonimiasis located?
asia, americas, africa
several weeks diarrhea, bloody stools, fulminant colitis, rectovaginal fistulas, fulminant or necrotzing colitis
entamoeba histolytica (amebic colitis)
p. falciparum incubation
12 days
what are the signs and symptoms of california encaphalitis?
generalized or localized seizures
vesical plexus
s. haematobium
treatment for chronic osteomyelitis?
exisicion of bone, consider HBO
what is primary prophylaxis for toxoplasmosis?
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
how long to monitor malaria?
6-12 hrs until parasitemia falls below 1%
what is the treatment for Herpes encephalitis?
acyclovir
labs for taeniasis?
cellophane tape swab
oocysts highly resitant to chlorine, infect entire GI tract when introduced to contaminated water
cryptosporidiosis
what causes louse borne typhus?
rickettsia prowazekii
where is s. mansoni?
s. america/caribbean, africa, middle east
what is the pharm treatment for dog and cat bite?
amoxicillin clavulanate
what are the diagnostic labs for malaria?
thick and thin smears, rapid dipstick test, Binax NOW
what are the cardinal signs of rocky mountain spotted fever
rash peripherally on the wrists and ankles and soles and spreads to invole the extemitis and trunk, hihg fever, confusion and calf tenderness
what is the treatment for giardia?
tinidazole and metronidazole
where is murine typhus found?
california and texas
lung fluke
paragonimiasis
if parasitemia does not fall by ___ within __ hours, or blood is not cleared of parasites after _ days change treatment
75% 48 hours, 7 days
new malaria med
artesunate
photochromogenic: dark= white, light=yellow, grows at 25-32 celsius?
fish tank granuloma
what must you do before a CT?
LP to look for mass effect, increased ICP, and obstructive hydrocephalus
what does q fever do?
directly causes disease in organs, lungs, vegetations of hear and granulomats in organs
what bacteria causes cat scratch fever?
bartonella henselae
reinfection is associated w/ what stand of malaria?
p. falciparum
reason for people not taking prophylaxis?
GI, forgetful, low perception of risk
this trematode has male and female parts
schistosoma
what is the treatment for schistosomiasis?
praziquantel
invasion of the female genital tract (pelvic/peritoneal granuloma), chronic salpingitis?
enterobiasis
P. falciparum found mostly where?
sub-Saharan africa
stage 3 pressure injury?
full thickness tissue loss, subcutaneous fat, slough
where is s. japanicum?
far east
aggressive leishmaniasis
face, joints, satellite lesions, 5-10 lesions, >4-5cm
sodium stibogluconate, amphotericin B, fluconazole
cold stage length?
15-60 min
preexposure prophylaxis for rabies?
human diploid cell vaccine, purified chick embryo vaccine, 1mL IM deltoid on days 0,7, and 21 or 28
what are the two types of leptospirosis?
anicteric leptospirosis, icteric leptospirosis
what is the treatment for neisseria gonorrhoeae?
ceftriaxone
what occurs 7-14 days after tick bite in lyme disease?
(localized) erythema migrans, fever chills, myalgia, tender lymphadenopathy
what tick causes lyme disease?
ixodes
postexposure prophylaxis for rabies?
1 ml IM deltoid 0, 3, 7, 14
1mL IM 0,3
____ phase of lifecycle leads to fever and ___ release
erythrocytic merozoite
who is listeria monocytogenes common in?
> 50, alcoholics and pregnant
what are the signs and symptoms of rocky mountain spotted fever?
rickettsia rickettsii
abraision that is exposed to salt or fresh water. papule or nodule at wound site, appears gramulomatous and moves up the arm
fish tank granuloma
what is used for eradication of persistent hypnozoites in vivax and ovale? what do you have to check first?
primaquine phsophate, G-6-pd, 14 days
what is the treatment for hook worm?
albendazole and mebendazole
when to begin/ end prevention prophylaxis?
1-2 weeks beofre departing, 1-2 days if dail, 4 weeks after return
what is the most common helminth world wide?
ascaria lumbricoides
treatment for cryptosporidiosis?
HAART, Nitazoxanide
_____ migrate into hepatocytes (___ phae) w/in minutes
sporozoites, liver
what is the MC place for a dog bite?
hand
fever of unknown origin, parinaud oculoglandular syndrome, rash, lymphadenitis (axillary, cevical, submandibular, preauricular)
cat scratch disease
what are the 2 MC arboviruses?
st. louis and california
incubation period in rabies is what?
asymptomatic
what is the MC parasitic infection of the CNS?
cysticercosis
fever,edema/swelling, tenderness, decreasd motion, ESR>30, increased crp
joint infections/ sepsis
what causes q fever?
coxiella burnetii
virus for rabies?
lyssavirus
P. ovale found where?
west africa
MC bursa’s infected?
olecranon and prepatellar
what worm causes cutaneous larva migrans?
ancylostoma caninum
what are viral infections of the knee joint?
rubella, parvovirus B19, hepatitis
what is the treatment for hymenolepiasis?
praziquantel
what is the treatment for p. aeruginosa?
ceftazidime
what is the MC cause of all cestode infectinos worldwide?
hymenolepis nana
wagner grading systme for diabetic foot ulcers
0: redness, callus, boney deformity
1: superficial, partial or full thickness ulcer: limited to dermis
2. deep ulcer: through subcutaneous tissue to tendon, joint or bone
3. deep ulcer w/ osteomyelitis, abscess, joint sepsis
4. localized gangrene of toes and forefoot
5. extensive gangrene
soil penetrates bare feet, tropical and subtropical, ground itch, pica, intestinal upset and pneumonitis?
hookworm
what is the rodent that gets rabies?
groundhog
how is murine typhus spread?
rats
treatment for MRSA
vanc + rifampin
what is the PEP for n. meningitids?
ceftriaxone 250 mg IM or Rifamipin X4
MC physical findings of encephalitis?
altered mental status and personality changes
heme positive stools?
amebic colitis (entamoeba histolytica)
what are the 3 major pathways for meningitis?
invasion of the blood stream, retrograde neuronal flow, and direct contiguous spread
what is brill zinsser disease?
relapsing louse borne typhus, 10-20 years later, fever, transient rash, falling BP
vitamin B12 and megaloblastic anemia, pallor, glossitis, hypesthesia
diphyllobothriasis
abdominal pain that starts then transitions to an intermittent biliary obstruction
fascioliasis
tropical countries, southeastern united states, intestinal obstruction, occlusion of the biliary tract, and oral expulsion. may also have cough, or hemoptysis?
ascariasis
superior mesenteric vein
s. japonicum
labs for lyme disease
EIA/IFA, confirm w/ western blot
lab for leptospirosis?
isolation of the leptospires, tissue/body fluids (urine)
thick and thin smears how?
3, 12-24 hrs apart, soon after fever spike
how is leishmaniasis transmitted?
sandflies (lutzomyia longipalpis)
fever, HA, neck stiffness, photphobia, fever, nuchal rigidity, mental status change
meningitis
consume raw watercress, in europe, middle east, or asia
fascioliasis
rapid dipstick detects what?
LDH
lyme disease spirochete?
borrelia burgdorferi
3 things that happen after infection w/ lyme disease?
- clear
- spreads through out the body and produces symptoms by direct invasion, manifests like a bacterial infection
- induces an immune response, little evidence of bacterial invasion
what lice type spreads louse borne typus?
pediculus humanus
what is louse borne typhus associated with and where?
overcrowding, europe, asia, africa (ethiopia and nigeria)
what is the treatment for ascariasis?
albendazole, mebendazole
treatment for babsiosis?
atovaquone + azithromycin
clindamycin + quinine
consider transfusion