infectious disease Flashcards
what are some parts of CDC category A- agents
easily transmitted, person to peron; high mortality rates; major health impact; public panic; special action needed
way to contract bacillus anthracis
hides of infected animals, eating contaminated meat, inhalation of spores; NO PERSON TO PERSON
how long can spores last for anthrax?
> 40 years
how long should be a heard be vaccinated after anthrax outbreaK/
minimum 3 years
what are some sign/symtpoms of anthrax?
- occurs at site of broken skin
- painless pruritic pustules
- initially erythematous papule
- vesiculates and then ulcerates w/in 1-2 days
- outer ring of non-tender “brawny edema”
- Black eschar
what are the phases of inhalation anthrax?
initial:
- viral upper respiratory symptoms
- rhinorrhea
- pharyngitis
later:
-dyspnea and hemoptysis during dissemination
what might you see on x-ray for anthrax?
widened mediastinum
what is the treatment for anthrax?
ciprofloxacin + linezolid or clindamycin
how long is the post exposure prophylaxis?
60 days ciprofloxacin
who should get 60 days of drugs if they encounter aerosolized anthracis?
everyone
if anthrax is acquired from a naturally occurring source what is the treatment?
7-10 day course of antimicrobial drugs is sufficient
fleas carry what kind of plague?
bubonic
aerosolized organisms carry what kind of plague?
pneumonic form
what carries plague and where is it most commonly found?
rodents, US mostly NM, AZ, CO
where is one of the MC places for plague on earth?
madagascar
what are some signs of bubonic plague?
tender lymph nodes primarily inguinal
what are some labs that may show with plague?
WBC 20,000 and increased bands, DIC, elevated LFT, gram negative coccobacillus/safety pin bipolar staining
what is the treatment for plague?
gentamicin/ streptomycin
post exposure prophylaxis: Doxycycline or septra
how does small pox spread?
strats on oropharynx, face an forearms and travels to trunk and legs
what are small pox characteristics?
initial: maculopapular
next: vesicles or oral ulcers w/in 1-2 days
next; rount, tense and embedded pustules
next; crusts or scabs form by 1-2 weeks of rash
last; scars form w/ sebaceous gland destruction
