test 3

Question 1

every society regulates the behavior of individuals with the goal of preventing deviance. this process of regulation is called:

Answer 1

social control

Question 2

Reckless and Dinitz claimed that “good boys” have the ability to control deviant impulses. they called their approach what?

Answer 2

containment theory

Question 3

in his strain theory, Merton would use which of the following concepts to describe people, including alcoholics and drug addicts, who “drop out.”

Answer 3

retreatism

Question 4

in his strain theory, Merton would use which of the following concepts to describe the behavior of a radical who rejects cultural goals and means in favor of some alternative system?

Answer 4

rebellion

Question 5

criminal statistics gathered by the Federal Bureau of Investigation reflect what type of offenses?

Answer 5

hate crimes

Question 6

“social stratification” is a concept that refers to:

Answer 6

system by which society ranks and categorizes people in a hierarchy

Question 7

Sandar lives in a village with a caste system. His social position is mostly the result of:

Answer 7

little change on social position and mobility

- he was most likely born into it or married up

Question 8

the concept of “meritocracy” refers to social stratification:

Answer 8

based on personal merit

Question 9

according to Davis and Moore, inequality promotes productivity by:

Answer 9

more rewards to society, more jobs, that require extensive training, education and expense

Question 10

sociologist William Julius Wilson suggests poverty lies in lack of ___

Answer 10

jobs

Question 11

the 1996 welfare reform in the United States greatly reduced the ____ rolls but did very little to change the ____ rate

Answer 11

wealth

population

Question 12

in which hemisphere are most of the world’s high income nations located?

Answer 12

northern hemisphere

Question 13

what is the income range for people living in middle-income nations

Answer 13

3500-15000

Question 14

the concept “absolute poverty” refers to:

Answer 14

life threatening lack of resources, lack of nutrition necessary for health and long term survival

Question 15

which type of slavery refers to one person owning another?

Answer 15

chattel slavery

Question 16

which types of slavery consists of employers holding workers by paying them too little to cover their debts?

Answer 16

debt bondage

Question 17

“neocolonialism” refers to the process by which:

Answer 17

economic relationships between rich and poor nations continue colonial patterns of domination

Question 18

dependency theory claims that poor nations were ______ by rich nations

Answer 18

underdeveloped

Question 19

Immanuel Wallerstein’s term for middle-income countries of the world

Answer 19

semi-periphery

Question 20

the global region that has seen the greatest reduction of poverty is

Answer 20

Asia

Question 21

gender refers to

Answer 21

the personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being female or male

Question 22

the “beauty myth” refers to the idea that

Answer 22

society teaches women to measure theirs worth in terms of physical appearance

Question 23

“pink-collar” work refers to what types of jobs

Answer 23

secretary, administrative, service (food, child care, health care)

Question 24

the concept “comparable worth” refers to the idea that:

Answer 24

equal pay for equal worth

Question 25

which concept refers to "an invisible, et real barrier that prevents many women from rising beyond middle-management positions?

Answer 25

glass ceiling

Question 26

Intersection theory focuses on:

Answer 26

the interplay of race, class, and gender, often resulting in multiple dimensions of disadvantage

Question 27

Talcott Parsons explained that males tend toward ____ behavior, and females tend to be more _____

Answer 27

instrumental | expressive

Question 28

what type of feminism accepts the basic organization of U.S. society, but seeks to give women the same rights and opportunities as men?

Answer 28

basic feminism

Question 29

what type of feminism links the social disadvantage of women to the capitalist economic system?

Answer 29

socialist feminism

Question 30

what type of feminism seeks to end patriarchy by eliminating the idea of gender itself?

Answer 30

radical feminism

Question 31

"crime" differs from "deviance" in that crime:

Answer 31

crime is a violation of society's formally enacted criminal law

Question 32

Emile Durkheim's basic insight is that deviance I what for society?

Answer 32

nothing abnormal encourages social change responding to deviance clarifies moral boundaries brings people together

Question 33

in Robert Merton's strain theory, which of the following concepts correctly describes the behavior of low-paid, yet compulsive conforming bank teller?

Answer 33

our culture's emphasis on wealth and lack of opportunities to get rich may encourage people to get involved in deviant acts

Question 34

when friends begin to criticize John as a "boozer," pushing him out of their social circle, he began to drink even more and became bitter. John ended up joining a new group of friends, all whom are all heavy drinkers. According to Lemert, this situation illustrates which type of deviance?

Answer 34

secondary

Question 35

Edwin Sutherland's differential association theory links deviance to:

Answer 35

depends on the amount of conflict with others who encourage or reject conventional behavior

Question 36

According to the social-conflict approach, what a society labels as deviant is based mostly on what?

Answer 36

depends on which categories of people hold | power in society

Question 37

what is the term for crime committed by persons of high social position in the course of doing their jobs?

Answer 37

white-collar crime

Question 38

which concept refers to the illegal actions of corporation or people acting on its behalf?

Answer 38

corporate crime

Question 39

a hate crime is defined as

Answer 39

criminal act against a person, a person's property, by an offender motivated by racial or other bias

Question 40

criminal statistics gathered by the FBI reflect what types of crime

Answer 40

hate crime

Question 41

the concept "structural social mobility" refers to:

Answer 41

shift in social position of large numbers of people due more to societal changes than to individual efforts

Question 42

work involving mostly manual labor is called what kind of work?

Answer 42

blue collar occupations

Question 43

Max Weber considered an individual's social position to be a matter of what?

Answer 43

simple reflections of economic position and did not treat them as distinct dimensions inequality

Question 44

the wealthiest 5% of U.S. families control about what % of U.S. private property?

Answer 44

most of the nations wealth

Question 45

compared to upper class, the middle-class in the U.S. contains what in terms of diversity?

Answer 45

far more ethnic and radical diversity than upper-class

Question 46

the anthropologist Oscar Lewis suggested the cause of poverty lies in:

Answer 46

``` responsible for own poverty lower-class can destroy peoples ambition to improve their lives ```

Question 47

which of the following concepts refers to change in social position during a person's lifetime?

Answer 47

intergenerational social mobility

Question 48

the richest 20% of the global population receives about what share of world income

Answer 48

95%

Question 49

one system for classifying the world's nations places the rich, industrial countries into which of the following categories

Answer 49

global stratification

Question 50

the settlements "las colonias," which are communities containing many extremely poor people, are found where?

Answer 50

southern Texas, along the U.S./MX boarder

Question 51

compared to poverty in the U.S., poverty in low-income nations is what?

Answer 51

poverty is greater, worse, no medical care..etc

Question 52

modernization theory claims that:

Answer 52

model of economic and social development that explains goal inequality in terms of technology and cultural differences between nations

Question 53

what is the form of social organization in which females dominate the males?

Answer 53

matriarchy

Question 54

which of the following concepts refers to attitudes and activities that a society links to people of each sex?

Answer 54

man expected to be leaders and women expected to be supportive

Question 55

what % of today's U.S. married women with children under 6 are in the labor force

Answer 55

59%

Question 56

what are some reasons why women are seen as a minority in the U.S.

Answer 56

weak sex | nurturers

Question 57

intersection theory focuses on:

Answer 57

the interplay of race, class, and gender, often resulting in multiple dimensions of disadvantage