Exam 4 Flashcards by Isa Ramirez

The concept “race” refers to:

a socially constructed category of people who share biologically transmitted traits that members of a society consider important

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Compared to people in Brazil, people in the United States typically see ______

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

People of hispanic ancestry represent about what percentage of the U.S. population

17.1%

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In 2013, African Americans accounted for about what percentage of the U.S. population?

13.2%

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Read the following four statements. Which on is NOT correct:

a. MInorities have a distinctive identity.
b. Usually, people can readily identity a member of a minority.
c. All people in a minority category are disadvantaged.
d. A minority does not have to be a numerical minority.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Based on Scapegoat Theory, you would conclude that prejudice is created by?

from people who are themselves disadvantaged

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Conflict theory states that prejudice is used by powerful people to justify them _____ others.

oppressing

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Prejudice is a matter of _____, discrimination is a matter of ______.

attitudes

action

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Institutional prejudice and discrimination refers to the fact that bias is built into the operation of society’s _________

institutions

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which concept refers to a state in which racial and ethnic minorities are distinct but have rough social equality?

pluralism

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The overall social standing of Native Americans is _____ the national average. Is it below or above?

below

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

For immigrants, one advantage of living in CHinatown is ____; one disadvantage is ______

…

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

As a social institution, the economy..

operates in a predictable manner

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The Industrial Revolution was based on new sources of _________.

energy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The postindustrial economy is defined by _______ technology.

high

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Read the following four statements about the Information Revolution. Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

a. The Information Revolution involves a shift from making tangible products to generating ideas.
b. The Information Revolution involves a shift from mechanical skills to literacy skills.
c. The Information Revolution involves a shift from gathering raw materials to making consumer products.
d. The Information Revolution involves a shift from working in factories to working anywhere.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The expansion of office work marks the growth of the economy’s _________ sector.

service

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The primary sector accounts for some share of economic output in countries at all income levels. At which income level would you expect to see the primary sector account for the largest share of economic output? (low-income countries of high-income countries…only one is correct).

high-income countries

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In the United States about what share (percentage) of the labor force performs service (tertiary) sector work?

more than 80%

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Globalization of the economy means that:

increasing economic integrations

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Capitalism is an economic system in which there is ____ ownership of productive property.

private

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Socialism is an economic system in which there is ______ control of production.

government

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Compared to socialist economic systems, capitalist economic system are generally much ____ productive.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A totalitarian political system:

extensively regulates citizens’ lives

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In general, lower-income people tend to be ___ on social issues and ______ on economic issues. (fill in the blanks with either "liberal" or "conservative")

liberal | conservative

A power-elite approach to the U.S. political system suggests that power is concentrated in.

among the rich

The military-industrial complex refers to:

the military and defense industries

Fertility refers to:

the actual number of children a women bears in her lifetime

The maximum possible childbearing for women is called:

fecundity

Which global region has BOTH the world's highest birth rate and the world's highest infant mortality rate?

Africa

Typically, low-income nations grow mostly from ______, while high-income nations grow from ______.

births | births

In general, what is the relationship between the average income level and population increase for countries around the world? in other words... [the lower the average income, the ____ the population increases].

higher

In the United States, the sex ratio if 97, meaning that..

there are more females that males in a population

Thomas Robert Malthus argued at least three things: - --population would increase in _____ progression. - --food and other resources would increase in ____ progression. - --people would ______ to a point that the planet could not support them.

geometrically arithmetically starve

For societies at the postindustrial level of economic development, population ____ very slowly.

decrease

"Zero population growth" refers to the level of reproduction that maintains population at a ____ rate.

steady

Many governments in high-income nations are concerned about population decline because:

major problem -- underpopulation

In low-income countries, the single most important factor contributing to population increase is:

demographic transition theory

Which concept refers to social patterns brought on by the Industrial Revolution?

modernity

Which concept refers to changes brought on by the Information Revolution?

postmodernity

Social movements are defined as:

organized activities that encourage or discourage social change

Of the various types of social movements, which is the LEAST threatening to the status quo?

alterative social movements

Alcoholics Anonymous, an organization that seeks to help alcoholics achieve a sober life, is one example of which type of social movement?

redemptive social movements

Political economy theory claims that social movements arise within capitalist societies because the capitalist economic system fails to:

meet the needs of the majority of people

For Ferdinand Tonnies, the essence of "Gesellschaft" is:

a type of social organization weak social ties

Durkheim's concept of organic solidarity corresponds to Tonnies's concept of

Gessellschaft

Max Weber's view of modernity stresses what? (a word beginning with the letter "r")

rationalization

Which of the following concepts refers to a category pf people, distinguished by physical or cultural traits, who are socially disadvantaged?

minorities

What are the characteristics of being a minority? (are they always disadvantaged?)

not always a disadvantage | body structure, skin color, eyes, facial factors, race and ethnicity

Which of the following concepts refers to a rigid and irrational generalization about an entire category of people?

prejudice

Based on scapegoat theory, you would conclude that prejudice is created by:

frustration among people who are themselves disadvantaged

Conflict theory states that prejudice is:

used as a tool by powerful people to oppress others

Institutional prejudice and discrimination refers to the fact that:

bias built into the operation of society's institutions

Which of the following concepts refers to a state in which racial and ethnic minorities are distinct but have rough social equality?

pluralism

Assimilation refers to the pattern by which:

minorities gradually adopt patterns of the dominant culture

From which world regions do most of today's immigrants come? (which two continents)

Latin America/Asia

As a social institution, the economy does what? (three things)

major sphere of social lice, societal subsystem, organized to meet human needs

Which of the following concepts refers to an economy based on service work and computer technology?

modernity "industrial revolution"

Turning metals into automobiles is work that falls within which sector of the economy:

postindustrial revolution

Socialism is an economic system in which there is:

natural resources and the means of producing goods and services are collectively (government) owned

Compared to socialist economic systems, capitalist economic systems are generally what in terms of their production?

fair out-produced socialist counterparts

A conglomerate is:

giant corporations composed of smaller corporations

An authoritarian political system:

that denies the people participation in government

A totalitarian political system:

high centralized political system that extensively regulates citizens' lives

A pluralist approach to the U.S. political system suggests that:

sees power as spread among many competing interest groups (compliment respecting each others similarities and differences)

The military-industrial complex refers to:

the close association of the federal government., the military, and defense industries.

Demography is defined as the study of:

size, distribution, and composition of human populations

Fertility refers to:

incidence of childbearing in a country's population (# of kids women have)

The maximum possible childbearing for women is called:

fecundity

The demographic measure called "sex ratio" refers to :

the number of males for every hundred females in a give population

If a society has a sex ratio of 110, it is very likely that people there:

more males than females in population

The basic idea behind demographic transition theory is that:

population patterns to a society's level of technological development

"Zero populations growth" refers to the level of reproduction that:

maintains population at a steady state

Many government in high-income nations are concerned about population decline because:

"underpopulation" - not having enough younger people to support the older people in population

Which concept refers to social patterns brought on by the Industrial Revolution?

social change

Which concept refers to changes brought on by the Information Revolution?

diffusion

Which type of social movement seeks radical social change but only in some people?

redemptive social movements

Mass-society theory predicts that social movements will involve people who:

of identity and purpose through their membership

Which theoretical approach states that social movements depend not just on material resources but on rallying around symbols and gaining a sense of unity in action?

culture theory

Know all four stages of a social movement?

emergence, coalescence, bureaucratization, decline

Ferdinand Tonnies described modernity as the loss of:

community

Durkheim's concept of organic solidarity corresponds to Tonnies's concept of:

The Division of Labor

Max Weber's view of modernity stressed what?

Rationalization

Scholars who take a "postmodernist" approach claim that:

* in important respects, modernity has failed * cultural debates are intensifying * social institutions are changing * science no longer holds answers

Which of the following is a real trend that suggest life in the United States is getting better?

critical evaluation

Exam 4 Flashcards

(85 cards)