test 3 Flashcards
(164 cards)
functions of blood
transportation, regulation, protection
transportation
of oxygen and carbon dioxide as well as nutrients and waste products
regulation
of body temperature, pH, and fluid volume
protection
mounting an immune system
composition of blood
plasma, cellular components, buffy coat, red blood cells (RBCs)
plasma
55% of total blood volume; 91% water; 7% blood proteins; 2% nutrients
cellular components
45% of total blood volume; erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets
buffy coat
white blood cells; platelets
albumins
smallest and most abundant plasma proteins; produced in liver; regulate water movement between blood and interstitial fluid (maintain colloid osmotic pressure); carriers for molecules with low solubility in water
globulins
second largest group of plasma proteins; alpha, beta, and gamma
alpha and beta globulins
carriers for hydrophobic molecules
gamma globulins
immunoglobulins, antibodies; assist in fighting against pathogens
fibrinogen and blood clot formation
injured tissues release prothrombin activator, then splits into enzyme thrombin, which splits two short amino acid chains from each fibrinogen molecule; ends join together, forming threads of fibrin; fibrin surrounds the platelet plug in the damaged area of the blood vessel and provide the shape for the clot; red blood cells are present within the fibrin
regulatory proteins
less than 1% of all plasma proteins; enzymes and proenzymes; hormones
hematocrit
% of the volume of all cellular component in one’s blood; females- 38%-46%, males- 42%-56%
erythrocytes
red blood cells; mature RBC lack nuclei and other organelles; small; biconcave shape; pass through small blood vessels, line up single file
hemoglobin
red pigmented protein in erythrocytes; capable of reversibly transporting oxygen and CO2 in blood; consists of 2 alpha chains and 2 beta chains; each molecule can bind a combo of 4 O2/CO2 molecules
heme group
nonprotein group containing iron molecule in each of the four globins
carbon monoxide
competes for oxygen binding sites on the hemoglobin molecule
why is CO so dangerous
poisoning can cause headaches, nausea and fatigue; prolonged exposure can lead to brain damage and death
blood doping
practice of boosting the number of RBC in the circulation in order to enhance athletic performance; RBC from donor are harvested, concentrated and then transfused into the circulation prior to endurance competitions
erythropoietin
EPO; naturally occurring hormone growth factor that stimulates the formation of RBC; can boost hematocrit for 6-24 weeks; blood that is more viscous more likely to cause clots
leukocytes
white blood cells; posses a nucleus and organelles; help initiate an immune response and defend the body; large
diapedesis
capability of leaving the blood vessels, and entering a tissue