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Biology > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Morning breath is caused by

A

Accumulation of sulfur-containing waste products from anaerobic bacteria

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1
Q

Phylogenetic trees are built using

A

1: similarities in the physical structure of organisms.
2: similarities in the embryological development of organisms.
3: similarities in the DNA sequences of organisms.

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2
Q

The three phenomena that tend to trigger adaptive radiations are

A

Mass extinctions, colonisation events, and evolutionary innovations

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3
Q

How do sponges feed

A

Materials they filter from the water

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4
Q

Tree of life

A

Monophyletic

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5
Q

Selection for a behaviour that lowers an individual’s own chances of survival or reproduction, but raises those of a relative.

A

Kin selection

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6
Q

Urey and Miller fucked up and made

A

Amino acids

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7
Q

The most primitive group of animals, lacking tissues and organs are

A

Sponges

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8
Q

Type of arthropod that is not really land dwelling

A

Crustaceans

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9
Q

Fungi benefit the plant how

A

1: increasing the ability of the roots to absorb phosphorus.
2: increase the ability of the root to absorb nitrogen.
3: helping the plant grow faster and larger.

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10
Q

A plant that has flowers with no petals is most likely to be pollenated how

A

The wind

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11
Q

What is the one most obvious difference between the gymnosperms and angiosperms

A

The gymnosperms don’t form flowers while the angiosperms do

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12
Q

What kind of molecule was thought to be the first genetic material

A

RNA

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13
Q

90% of birds appear to be

A

Monogamous

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14
Q

Bright colours in male birds is for

A

Sexual selection

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15
Q

Which type of adaptation is most likely to occur over evolutionary time

A

One that causes the individuals in a population to more efficiently reproduce in the environment in which they live

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16
Q

Much of what is known about the history of the origin of life came from

A

The study of fossils

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17
Q

Usually animals don’t communicate how

A

Increased heart beat and metabolic rate

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18
Q

Star fish are symmetrical

A

True

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19
Q

Different organisms with an identical specific epithet, such as drosophila melanogaster and thamnophis melanogaster, are related to each other at the level of

A

No particular relationship is implied by the fact that two organisms have identical specific epithets

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20
Q

Dispersal of fungi spores is done by

A

Wind

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21
Q

The energy that a parent puts into the growth, feeding, and care of offspring is called

A

Reproductive investment

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22
Q

Bacteria and archaea are the two domains whose members are

A

Prokaryotic

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23
Q

The two individuals pictured above are members of different species because(dog and pig)

A

Of prezygotic barriers to their ability to breed

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24
Q

Archaeans can be found in which of the following environments

A

Hot springs, bottom of ocean and very salty ponds

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25
Q

Interbreeding sea gulls are

A

Ring species

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26
Q

All mammals have hair because they inherited the trait from a common ancestor. This is called

A

Homologous features

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27
Q

Speciation

A

New species

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28
Q

Extinction

A

Takes species away

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29
Q

List the ranks from most to least inclusive

A

Phylum,class,family, genus, species

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30
Q

The taxonomic rank that includes genera but not orders is

A

Family

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31
Q

The evolutionary history of groups of organisms is known as

A

Phylogeny

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32
Q

The biological species concept

A

Defines a species as any group of actually or potentially interbreeding species that produce viable offspring

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33
Q

Selected taxonomic categories in proper hierarchical order

A

Phylum, class, family, genus

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34
Q

At the time life first evolved on earth

A

There was less oxygen and more methane in the atmosphere than there is today

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35
Q

Archaea and bacteria diverged

A

Before archaea and eukarya diverged

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36
Q

Life arose from none life

A

4 billion

37
Q

Which of the following taxonomic ranks is least inclusive

A

Species

38
Q

Hominid as is the name of a

A

Family

39
Q

Horses and donkeys breed by

A

Sterility

40
Q

Birds have scaly feet and lay amniotic eggs.

A

Proves birds evolved from reptiles

41
Q

Which animal phylum lacks true tissues

A

Porifera(sponges)

42
Q

Which Arthropods are not primarily land dwelling

A

Crustaceans

43
Q

The important characteristic of chordates, such as a notochord and a dorsal hollow nerve cord are found in tunicates

A

In their larval stage only

44
Q

Which type of skeleton contains the carbohydrate called chitin

A

Exoskeleton of insects, crabs, and lobsters

45
Q

In cnidarians, cnidocytes are primarily used for

A

Prey capture and defense

46
Q

The phrase double fertilization in angiosperms is best described by which of the choices below

A

Each pollen grain contains two sperm cells and one leads to the fertilization that produces the embryo and the other leads to the fertilization that produces the endosperm

47
Q

The female parts of a flower are

A

Stigma, style, ovary, and ovule

48
Q

Fungal hyphae form an interwoven mass called

A

A mycelium

49
Q

What is the most diverse group of plants

A

Angiosperms

50
Q

Because the first animals were heterotrophs they depended on which of the following for their energy

A

Plants

51
Q

The dry waxy layer that covers the leaves and stems of plants is known as the

A

Cuticle

52
Q

Behavior that involves giving up something of relativity low value in exchange for getting something of great value in the future is best described as

A

Reciprocal altruism

53
Q

How did homo differ from the earlier species gene

A

A larger brain

54
Q

Leeches are in the phylum

A

Annelida

55
Q

Plants with the diploid stages smaller than and dependent upon the haploid stage are called

A

Bryophytes

56
Q

The difference between microevolution and macroevolution is that

A

The time scale is different

57
Q

At the life first appeared on earth, the atmosphere contained large amounts of nitrogen, methane, ammonia, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, and

A

Carbon dioxide

58
Q

An air environment, Gravity and desiccation are three challenges that were addressed in the evolution of reptiles. What three evolutionary innovations addressed these challenges

A

Lungs, better limb support, and amniotic egg

59
Q

What distinguishes a protostome from a deuterostome

A

Sequence or order of gut development

60
Q

The pollen producing structure in an angiosperm flower is called the

A

Anther

61
Q

Song and bright colors make male birds conspicuous to predators. The large, gaudy tail of the peacock may be a hindrance in activities such as feeding and flight. Yet these features evolved because of

A

Sexual selection

62
Q

Which species concept is based on the degree of reproductive isolation between populations of species

A

Biological species concept

63
Q

All Arthropods have

A

A chitinous exoskeleton and jointed appendages

64
Q

Sponges of the phylum Porifera are sessile, meaning that they

A

Live attached to a solid structure and do not move around

65
Q

In bending ground squirrels, why are females much more likely than males to engage in altruistic behavior by sounding alarm calls

A

Females tend to remain in the area in which they were born, so the females that call are warning their own kin

66
Q

Each collar cell of a sponge has

A

A long whip like flagellum

67
Q

In cnidarians, cnidocytes are primarily used for

A

Prey capture and defense

68
Q

Name an example of a echinoderm

A

Sand dollar

69
Q

The oldest prokaryotic fossil have been dated

A

3.5 billion years ago

70
Q

Which of the modern gymnosperms is the most abundant

A

The conifers

71
Q

Angiosperms and gymnosperms differ from each other in that

A

Angiosperms tend to rely on animal pollinators while gymnosperms tend to rely on wind pollination

72
Q

In human societies

A

The average number of children is the same for males and females, but males tend to have a greater variance

73
Q

The sum of an individual’s indirect and direct fitness is called

A

Inclusive fitness

74
Q

Which of the following is true of all animals

A

They are capable of movement at some stage of their life cycle

75
Q

Why do human taste preferences exist

A

Human feeding choices influence energy intake and consequently fitness

76
Q

When the sexes of a species differ in size or appearance, it is called

A

Sexual dimorphism

77
Q

In a polygymous mating system

A

Multiple females tend to mate with the same male

78
Q

Polygyny is often positively correlated with

A

Sexual dimorphism and variation in male reproductive success

79
Q

Prokaryotes are classified into how many domains

A

2

80
Q

Isolating mechanisms include hybrid mortality and hybrid infertility

A

Postzygotic

81
Q

Which of the following accurately States the goal of biological classification

A

The grouping of organisms into categories that reflects their evolutionary history

82
Q

A group of birds fly off the mainland and end up on a distant set of islands. Once there, they find a large number of opportunities for diversification and adaptation

A

Colonisation event

83
Q

The plural of genus is

A

Genera

84
Q

What molecule was not present during the pre-biotic environment

A

Triethylene glycol

85
Q

The current mass extinction is believed to be primarily caused by

A

Human actions

86
Q

The pace of evolution in which there is little change for long periods of time interrupted by short periods with major changes

A

Punctuated equilibrium

87
Q

The dark dots along the trunk of evolutionary trees represent both common ancestors and

A

Speciation events and nodes

88
Q

The idea that evolutionary change is slow and continuous is best described as

A

Gradual changes

89
Q

Shallow rooted plants are found

A

In cold and windy environment

90
Q

What is the most diverse plant group

A

Angiosperms

91
Q

Pollen producing structure in an angiosperm flower

A

Anther

Biology (10 decks)

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