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Biology > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

DNA is shown usually in what form

A

Double Helix

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1
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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2
Q

The nucleotide unit of a DNA molecule has three components. What are they?

A

A phosphate group, a sugar, & a nitrogen containing base

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3
Q

Name the four Base Pairs in DNA

A

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine & Cytosine

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4
Q

DNA is what kind of acid

A

Nucleic

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5
Q

Genes contain instructions to make what?

A

Proteins

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6
Q

An organisms complete set of DNA.

A

Genome

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7
Q

One or more unique pieces of DNA

A

Chromosomes

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8
Q

Humans have how many chromosomes

A

46 sets 23 pairs. 23 from each parent.

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9
Q

A sequence of bases in a DNA molecule that carries the information necessary for producing a functional product, usually a protein molecule or RNA

A

Gene

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10
Q

Within a species, individuals sometimes have alternate versions of a gene for a given protein. These institutions can result in a different version of the same trait.

A

Allies

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11
Q

How does DNA occur in prokaryotes

A

Circular

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12
Q

How does DNA occur in eukaryotes

A

Linear strands of DNA called chromosomes

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13
Q

Meaning the study of physical inheritance among living things

A

Genetics

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14
Q

What happens in protein synthesis

A

1: information contained in a length of DNA is transcribed onto a length of messenger RNA
2: the mRNA then exits the cells nucleus and goes to a structure in the cells cytoplasm called ribosome
3: then the mRNA sequences is read and a string of amino acids is put together in the order specified by the sequence. The result is a protein

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15
Q

What are the steps in cell division

A

1: replication-DNA is duplicated.
2: mitosis-the two quantities of DNA are moved to opposite sides of the parent cell.
3: cytokines-the parent cell split into two daughter cells.

16
Q

When DNA replicates what happens

A

The DNA molecule splits in half to serve as a template for the creation of a second DNA strand

17
Q

A molecular complex, composed of DNA and associated proteins, that makes up the chromosomes of eukaryotic organisms

A

Chromatin

18
Q

What does DNA do during DNA replication

A

DNA wraps around protein to make chromatin. Then the chromatin folds up to make chromosomes.

19
Q

One of two identical strands of chromatin that make up a chromosome in its duplicated state

A

Chromatid

20
Q

A given gene found on maternal chromosome one will almost certainly have a counterpart on maternal one. What is this called?

A

Homologous chromosomes

21
Q

A pictorial arrangement of a complete set of human chromosomes.

A

Karyotype

22
Q

Why do chromosomes duplicate

A

It’s a part of cell division

23
Q

The separation of a cells duplicated chromosomes prior to cytokinesis

A

Mitosis

24
Q

The physical separation of one cell into two daughter cells.

A

Cytokinesis

25
Q

The repeating pattern of growth, genetic duplication and division seen in most cells.

A

Cell cycle

26
Q

The portion of the cell cycle in which the cell simultaneously carries out its work and in preparation for division, duplicates it’s chromosomes

A

Interphase

27
Q

The portion of the cell cycle that includes both mitosis and cytokinesis

A

Mitosis phase

28
Q

Describe the phases of the cell cycle

A

1: interphase- the cell replicates it’s DNA
2: mitotic phase- Mitosis, to cytokinesis
3: continue

29
Q

Protein fibers that are apart of the cells cytoskeleton or internal fiber network

A

Microtubules

30
Q

A cellular structure that acts as an organizing center for the assembly of microtubules

A

Centrosome

31
Q

A physical structure but instead is a plane located midway between the poles of dividing cells

A

Metaphase plate

32
Q

Microtubules active in cell division are called

A

Mitotic spindle

33
Q

What is metaphase

A

Micro tubes attach to sister chromatids and align them at the metaphase plate

34
Q

What’s anaphase

A

Sister chromatids are moved to opposite poles in the cell, each chromatid now becoming a full-fledged chromosome

35
Q

Telophase is

A

Chromosomes decondense; nuclear envelopes form around the two separate complements of chromosomes.

36
Q

What is a cleavage furrow

A

The waist of where a cell divides from

37
Q

Binary fusion

A

Prokaryotic cell division

Biology (10 decks)

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