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Biology 102 > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cross section of the earth

A

1) thin layer: crust
2) mantle: molten lava
3) core: center, solid

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2
Q

plate tectonics

A

earth’s crust is broken into 7-9 plates

  • crustal margin of 1 plate being thrust under margin of another plate
  • plate goes down and creates mountain chain
  • continents and islands like Hawaii have a weak spot
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3
Q

Pangea (super continent)

A

225 million years ago, all the continents together.

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4
Q

Subcontinent: Laurasia

A

northern subcontinent: N. America and Northern Europe, Asia including China

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5
Q

subcontinent: Gondwanaland

A

southern subcontinent: S. America, Africa, Australia, Antartica, India, S. Europe

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6
Q

Age of Earth

A

4.5 billion years old

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7
Q

Archean

A
  • 1st appearance of bacteria-3.8 billion years old

- archaebacteria and eubacteria

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8
Q

Proterozoic

A

-archaebacteria, eubacteria, protista, fungi, plantae

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9
Q

paleozoic

A

-archaebacteria, eubacteria, protista, fungi, plantae
-animalae: invertebrates, amphibians, reptiles and fish
(fossils of birds and mammals are missing)

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10
Q

mesozoic

A
  • all kingdoms
  • age of reptiles (Dinos)
  • animalae- 1st appearance of birds
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11
Q

Cenozoic

A

65 million years ago to present

  • all kingdoms
  • animalae- 1st appearance of mammals
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12
Q

pathogen

A

infectious, disease-carrying agents that invade the target organism and multiplies inside or on them
ex: bacteria, fungi

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13
Q

infection vs. disease

A

infection: any pathogen that invades cells
disease: have to have the infection and white blood cells could not fight it off

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14
Q

epidemic vs. pandemic

A

epidemic: effects smaller community, spreads quickly then gone
pandemic: around the world, affecting all over

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15
Q

characteristics of bacteria

A
  • all are prokaryotes,do not have nucleus
  • have circular DNA
  • all are microscopic
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16
Q

3 shapes of bacteria

A
  1. round (coccus)
  2. rod (bacillus)
  3. spiral (spirillum)
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17
Q

autotroph

A

manufacture own food

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18
Q

heterotrophs

A

does not make own food

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19
Q

Lactobacillus bacteria

A

found in pickles, buttermilk, yogurt

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20
Q

actinomycetes

A

manufacture antibiotics

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21
Q

e.coli

A

manufacture vitamin k, assist in fat digestion, help newborn babies digest milk

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22
Q

clostridium botulinum

A

food poisoning

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23
Q

clostridium tetanus

A

tetanus or lockjaw

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24
Q

borrelia burgdorferi

A

lyme disease

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25
Q

slime molds

A

creep along

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26
Q

amoeboid protozoans

A

adult amoebas move and capture prey through pseudopodia (false feet)
- foraminferans
heliozoans
radiolarians

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27
Q

ciliated protozoans

A

move with cilia

  • paramecium: typical example
  • didinium: parasitic protozoan
28
Q

flagellated protozoans

A

move with 1 or more flagellum

ex: giardia-causes diarrhea
- trichomoniasis: sexually transmitted
- trypanosomiasis: sleeping sickness

29
Q

sporozoans

A

parasites that must complete part of life cycle inside host cell
-plasmodium: causes malaria

30
Q

types of protists

A
  • mostly photosynthetic single-celled protists
    ex: euglenas, diatoms, dinoflagellates
  • mostly photosynthetic multi-celled protists
    ex: red algae, green algae, brown algae
31
Q

brown algae

A

far east,
ice cream, frozen foods, pudding, etc
source of food
source of mineral salts

32
Q

green algae

A

closely resembles plants and may be closest relatives

33
Q

xylem

A

bundles that transport water through all parts of plant

-can see

34
Q

phloem

A

bundles that transport sugars and other photosynthetic products

35
Q

nonvascular plants

A

plants without xylem and phloem bundles

36
Q

vascular plants

A

with xylem and phloem bundles

37
Q

seed-bearing

A

plants produce seeds

  • some do not produce flowers : gymnosperms
  • others produce flowers: angiosperms
38
Q

angiosperms

A 
one cotyledon (monocots)
2 cotyledons (dicots)
39
Q

fungi are heterotrophs

A
  • cannot carry out photosynthesis

- must acquire organic molecules from environment

40
Q

lichens

A

a combination of fungus and photosynthetic organism- cyanobacteria or algae

  • mutualistic relationship- both partners benefit
  • the organisms are symbionts- live together closely
41
Q

early warning signs

A

lichens very sensitive to deteriorating environmental conditions

  • absorb toxins but cannot get rid of them
  • air pollution kills lichens
  • can serve as environmental indicator
42
Q

3 major fungal classification

A
  1. zygomycota- ex: bread mold
  2. basidiomycota- club fungi
  3. asomycota- sac fungi
43
Q

aspergillus

A

used in food production

-produces citric acid used in hard candies and soft drinks

44
Q

penicillium

A

used in drug production and in cheese flavoring

45
Q

characteristics of animals

A
  • all multi celled
  • all heterotrophs
  • aerobic respiration- require oxygen
  • reproduce primarily sexually
  • mobile during part of their life cycle
  • life cycle proceeds through period of embryonic development
  • all eukaryotes
46
Q

2 major division of animals

A

vertebrates- animals with backbone

  • includes mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish
    2. invertebrates- animals without backbone
47
Q

radial symmetry

A

body parts arranged regularly around central axis

48
Q

sac like gut

A

only 1 opening for food and waste

49
Q

bilateral symmetry

A

head and tail region, left and right equal halves

50
Q

tube like gut

A

2 distinct openings- 1 for food and 1 for waste

51
Q

false coelom or body cavity

A

organs not lined with peritoneum

52
Q

true coelom or body cavity

A

organs lined with peritoneum

-humans

53
Q

segmentation

A

earthworm, insect

54
Q

roundworms

A

pinworms, hookworms

55
Q

echinoderms

A

sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers

56
Q

segmented worms

A

earthworms, leeches

57
Q

platyhelminthes (flatworms)

A

flukes, tapeworms

58
Q

cnidarians

A

corals, sea anemones, jellyfish

59
Q

arthropods

A

crustaceans (Shrimp, crab, lobster) spiders, insects

60
Q

what is a vertebrate

A

internal skeleton: endoskeleton- bone or cartilage

-brain protected inside of skull

61
Q

placoderms

A

extinct, jaws and paired fins, aquatic, bottom-dwelling scavengers and predators, armor plated

62
Q

jawless fishes

A

includes hagfish and lampreys, cylindrical body, no paired fins, no jaws, round mouth, aquatic

63
Q

cartilaginous fishes

A 
sharks, rays
-skeleton- cartilage
-5-7 gill slits
aquatic
-ectotherms or cold blooded
64
Q

bony fishes

A 
most fish- 96% of all fish
-skeleton- bone
aquatic 
includes eels, sea horses 
-cold blooded
65
Q

What are 2 characteristics of mammals

A
  1. have hair

2. breast milk

Biology 102 (5 decks)

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