Test 3 Flashcards
The establishment of microbes in or on host tissues is termed:
A. Infection
B. Colonization
C. Urbanization
D. Nasty
B. Colonization
The classification for a disease that is below the diagnostic threshold is:
A. Acute
B. Subacute
C. Subclinical
D. Subhuman
E. Latent
C. Subclinical
Which of the following is an example of a reservoir?
A.pond
B.soil
C.tick
D.human
E.all can be reservoirs
E.all can be reservoirs
A disease involving one location on the body (like a pimple) would be termed:
A.localized
B.focal
C.systemic
D.chronic
E. An ouchie
A. Localized
A disease that cannot be transmitted from host to host by direct contact is classified as:
A.contagious
B.non-communicable
C.communicable
D.lazy
B.non-communicable
The cause of a disease is called the:
A.entomology
B.pathology
C.etiology
D.epidemiology
C.etiology
Which of the following can establish an infection in an otherwise healthy host ?
A. Opportunistic pathogen
B. Primary pathogens
C. Sneaky flora
B. Primary pathogen
Which of the following is not considered a portal of entry for pathogens?
A. Back door
B. Parenteral route
C. Skin
D. Mucous membranes
A. Back door
A disease that has a relatively short onset followed by a short duration and resolution would be considered ________. While a disease with periods of pathogen dormancy would be considered _______.
- Acute
- Latent
Place the following stages of disease development in the correct order and explain each stage : prodromal, illness, convalescence, incubation
Incubation-exposure
Prodromal-mild signs and symptoms
Illness- serve signs and symptoms
Convalescence- back to normal health
List an explain 3 of the 5 virulence factors that we discussed.
LD50-lethal dose
Capsules- inhibit phagocytosis, mask the bacteria antigens
Penetration of host cell-get inside our cells and hide
List and explain the 4 mechanisms of antibiotic resistance
Blocking entry- can’t get in and do damage
Inactivation of antibiotics by enzymes- get into our cells but enzymes break it down
Alteration of the target molecule- change or kill the enzyme
Efflux- splits it out
The lipid A portion of the lipopolysaccharide layer of the gram negative cell’s outer membrane is termed ______ a can illicit an unwanted fever and inflammation.
Endotoxin
Exotoxins with a binding portion and an active portion are called __________ while exotoxins that became associated with our cells causing our own T lymphocytes to damage our cells are called______________.
- A-B toxins
- superantigens
Why are identifying the causative agent, its source and the mode of transmission important from an epidemiological standpoint?
To stop the spread
Why are “sick” carriers not as dangerous to public health as “healthy” carriers?
Because healthy carriers show no signs or symptoms and are hard to identify
Beside population shift, what are the 2 other ways we discussed for development of resistance?
Plasmid transfer and genetic mutation
Repeated exposure of a bacterial population to antibiotics which results in the development of a majority resistant population is due to what we termed___________________. This is why we see so many resistance bacterial populations in hospitals.
antibiotic resistance
An abnormal increase in the occurrence of a disease within a population is termed an ______________, while a disease occurring on at least 2 continents simultaneously is termed a ______________.
- Epidemic
- Pandemic
Complete the following chart for infectious disease transmission. You only need to provide the subtypes, no examples needed.
Contact:
Vector:
Vehicle:
Contact: indirect , direct, droplet
Vector: airborne, foodborne, waterborne
Vehicle: biological and mechanical
