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Kinesiology > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

0
Q

What are the 3 groups of bones in the feet and what make up each?

A
  1. Hind Foot: Talas & Calcaneus
  2. Mid Foot: Navicular & Cuboid & 3 Cuneiforms
  3. Forefoot: Metatarsals & Phalanges
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1
Q

What is the overall function of the ankle?

A
  • provides a stable base
  • provides a rigid lever for propulsion
  • provides shock absorption
  • allows you to accommodate to various terrains and gives balance
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2
Q

What mm is the Hind Foot responsible for?

A

Makes initial contact with ground during gait

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3
Q

What mm is the Mid Foot responsible for?

A

Provides stability and mobility as movement is transmitted from hind foot to forefoot

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4
Q

What mm is the Forefoot responsible for?

A

Adapts to surfaces and is the last part of foot to leave the ground during gait

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5
Q

What % of weight bearing does the Tibia and Fibula responsible for?

A

Tibia- 90%

Fibula- 10%

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6
Q

What are the 3 joints at the ankle/foot?

A

Talocrual Joint
Talocalcaneal Joint or Subtalar Joint
Transverse Tarsal Joint

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7
Q

Talocrual Joint (ankle joint): where is it located, what mm occurs and what is its importance?

A

Location: talus, distal fibula, distal tibia

MM: 30-50* plantar flexion and 20* dorsiflexion only

Importance: it has static and dynamic stabilizers that prevent excessive motion

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8
Q

Talocalcaneal Joint (Subtalar joint): where is it located, what mm occurs and what is its importance?

A

Location: talas and calcaneus

MM: gliding jt allows inversion (2x more) and eversion only

Importance: functional in wt bearing is critical for dampening rotational forces imposed by body wt while maintaining contact of the foot to the surface

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9
Q

Transverse Tarsal Joint: where is it located, what mm occurs and what is its importance?

A

Location: calcaneal/cuboid and talus/navicular

MM: inversion and eversion

Importance: allows the forefoot to get to the ground no matter what

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10
Q

Static stabilizers: Deltoid Lig. prevent what motion? Anterior Talofibular and Calcaneofibular Lig prevent what motion?

A

Deltoid: Prevent EVERSION

Anterior Talo & Calcaneo: Prevent INVERSION

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11
Q

Dynamic Stabilizers prevent what?

A

Prevent excessive motion in the opposite direction

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12
Q

What Dynamic Stabilizers are used in the following: Dorsiflexion, Plantar Flexion, Inversion and Eversion?

A

Dorsiflexion: Gastrocnemius and Soleus

Plantar Flexion: Tibialis Anterior, Ext Hallicus Longus, Ext Digitorum Longus

Inversion: Peronius Longus, Brevis, Tertius

Eversion: Tibialis Posterior, Flex Hallicus Longus, Flex Digitorum Longus

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13
Q

Static Stabilizer are always what?

A

Ligaments

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14
Q

Dynamic Stabilizers are always what?

A

Muscles

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15
Q

What position is the foot stale and mobile?

A

Stable: Supinated

Mobile: Pronated

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16
Q

Supination involves what mm in OKC?

A

Inversion, adduction and plantar flexion

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17
Q

Pronation involves what mm in OKC?

A

Dorsiflexion, abduction, eversion

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18
Q

What is the overall function of the Metatarsalphalangeal joints?

A

Allows foot to maintain contact with the ground as heel comes off

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19
Q

What are the 6 Plantar Arches? What is their function?

A

Function: help support the foot

Longitudinal- calcaneus to toes

Transverse- 1st, 2nd, 3rd Cuneiforms and cuboid

Spring Lig- calcaneonavicular Lig opposes flattening of medial arch and supports talus

Long Plantar Lig- calcaneus to cuboid forward to metatarsals

Metatarsal- across ball of foot

Plantar Aponeurosis- calcaneus to phalanges

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20
Q

Define Pes Planus

A

Flat foot

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21
Q

Define Pes Cavus

A

High arch foot, prone to plantar fasciitis

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22
Q

Define Plantar Fasciitis

A

Irritation of the plantar fascia

Pain usually in the am when you get out of bed or overuse or poor arch support

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23
Q

Define Hallux Valgus

A

Bunion lateral deviation of MP jt

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24
Q

Define Claw Toe

A

Hyper extension of MP and flexion of IP

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25
Q

Define Hammer Toe

A

Hyper extension of MP and DIP and flexion of PIP

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26
Q

What are the 7 bones in the feet?

A 
Calcaneus
Talas
Navicular 
Cuboid 
1st cuneiform
2nd cuneiform 
3rd cuneiform
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27
Q

If you have a 1st* sprain what Lig is affected?

A

A

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28
Q

If you have a 2nd* sprain what Lig is affected?

A

Q

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29
Q

If you have a 3rd* sprain what Lig is affected?

A

Q

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30
Q

If you invert the calcaneus what have to done to the foot?

A

Foot supination

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31
Q

If you evert the calcaneus what have you done to the foot?

A

Foot pronation

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32
Q

When you start at a squatting position and move to standing position what happens at the hip, knee and ankle?

A

Hip- ext
Knee- ext
Ankle- plantar flex

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33
Q

When you start in a standing position and you move into a squat what happens at the hip, knee and ankle?

A

Hip- flex
Knee- flex
Ankle- dorsiflexion

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34
Q

What are the bones of the knee?

A

Femur and tibia

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35
Q

How do the femoral condyles roll in knee flexion and extension?

A

They roll posteriorly while sliding anteriorly with knee flexion on a fixed tibia

Vice versa for extension

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36
Q

The Medial Plateau is how much larger than the Lateral Plateau?

A

50% larger

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37
Q

What is the function of the Meniscus?

A
  • absorb 50-60% loading

- thicker to help increase joint congruency

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38
Q

What is the shape of the Medial Meniscus?

A

Semi circular in the shape of a “C”

Attaches to the capsule and is less mobile

39
Q

What is the shape of the Lateral Meniscus?

A

It is 4/5ths of a complete ring. “O” shaped and is more mobile.

40
Q

What does the Medial Menisci attach too?

A

MCL, ACL, and semimembranosis

Medial collateral ligament
(Anterior cruciate ligament)

41
Q

What does the Lateral Menisci attach too?

A

Popliteus and PCL

Posterior cruciate ligament

42
Q

What is the most common ligament to tear?

A

ACL

Anterior cruciate ligament

43
Q

What usually tears along with if the MCL is torn?

A

MCL

Medial collateral ligament

44
Q

What is the function of a bursa?

A

Reduces friction

45
Q

Where is the Pes Anserine Bursa located?

A

Say Grace @ Supertime

Semitendinosus
Gracilis
Sartorius

46
Q

Define Q Angle

A

Is the line from ASIS to mid patella and mid patella to tibial Tuberosity

47
Q

What is the normal Q Angel for men and women?

A 
Men= 10*
Women= 15-20*
48
Q

If the Q Angel is greater than normal

A

Genu Valgus

49
Q

If the Q Angel is smaller than normal

A

Genu Varus

50
Q

Knock knee people have what?

A

Genu Valgus

51
Q

Bow legged people have what?

A

Genu Varus

52
Q

Hyper extension of the knee is what?

A

Genu Recurvatum

53
Q

The MCL prevents what type of stresses?

A

Valgus stresses

54
Q

The LCL prevents what types of stresses?

A

Varus stresses

55
Q

What is the dynamic stabilizer for the MCL?

A

Pes Anserine (semitendinosus, gracilis, sartorius)

The more we move into knee flexion , the more they come into play

56
Q

What is the dynamic stabilizer for the LCL?

A

IT band, biceps Femoris

Push in to stabilize

57
Q

What is the dynamic stabilizer for the ACL?

A

Hamstrings

Pull back to stabilize

58
Q

The ACL prevents what from happening?

A

Prevents anterior translation of tibia on femur

59
Q

If the tibia is planted what mm will the hamstrings prevent?

A

Prevent posterior displacement of femur

60
Q

The PCL prevents what mm?

A

Posterior displacement of tibia on femur

61
Q

What is the dynamic stabilizer of the PCL?

A

The quadriceps

62
Q

The quadriceps do what mm to stabilize PCL?

A

Pull forward to stabilize posterior

63
Q

If the tibia is planted what mm is the dynamic stabilizer (quads) going to prevent?

A

Stabilizes anterior displacement of the femur

64
Q

What is the function of the patella?

A

Makes a greater line of pull to contract the muscles

65
Q

What are the 5 patella abnormalities and give description

A
  1. Patella Femoral Syndrome: tracking problems mostly laterally due to lateral pull or shift.
  2. Patella Instability: Subluxing patella due to lateral pull and hyper mobile patella. Young gymnast.
  3. Plica Syndrome: thickening of plica on medial side or plica gets irritated due to excessive flex/ext.
  4. ITB Syndrome: ITB gets irritated due to Varus stress
  5. Traction Apohysitis: Osgood-Schlaters: inflammation of tibial Tuberosity
66
Q

What will be tight is you have an anterior tilt? (Increased lordosis)

A

Tight hip flexors or tight low back

67
Q

What will be tight is you have an posterior tilt? (Decreased lordosis)

A

Tights abbs or tight hamstrings

68
Q

Passive insufficiency occurs over how many joints?

A

2

69
Q

What is Closed Pack position of the hip?

A

Full extension, adduction and IR

70
Q

The femur faces superior how many degrees?

A

125*

71
Q

The femur is medially and anteriorly how many degrees?

A

15-20*

72
Q

What is the convex concave rule for the hip?

A

The convex femur articulates with the concave acetabulum

73
Q

Define The Angle of Inclination

A

It is the angle between the shaft and head of the femur

74
Q

What is the normal Angle of Inclination in an adult?

A

120-125*

75
Q

If an adult has an angle greater than 125* what is this known as?

A

Coxa Valgus

76
Q

If an adult has an angle less than 125* what is this known as?

A

Coxa Varus

77
Q

If an adult has Coxa Valgus what injury are the prone to getting?

A

Dislocation

78
Q

If an adult has Coxa Varus what injury are the prone to getting?

A

Fracture

79
Q

Define Anteversion

A

Femoral condyles face medially. Knees are in.

80
Q

Define Retroversion

A

Femoral condyles face laterally. Knees are out.

81
Q

If you have Anteversion what do they call you?

A

Pigeon toed

82
Q

If you have Retroversion what do they call you?

A

Duck footed

83
Q

What position is Maximal Congruence of the hip and pelvis?

A

Frog position. Knee flexion and ER

84
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the body and what are the 3 names it goes by? What does is limit?

A

Iliofemoral ligament, Y ligament or ligament of Bigelow

Limits hyperextension

85
Q

Is the hip joint most functional in OKC or CKC?

A

Closed kinetic chain

86
Q

Define Lumbopelvic Rhythm

A

Describes the open chain in the hip, pelvis, and lumbar spine where the coordinated activity of the segments produces a larger ROM than might be available to one segment alone

87
Q

Where are the Femoral and Sciatic nerves located?

A

Femoral- front

Sciatic- back

88
Q

What is the Reversal Muscle Action with Single Leg Stance?

A

The right hip abductors contract to keep pelvis level

89
Q

Define Trendelenburg Phenomena. What is Compensated and Uncompensated?

A

Occurs due to gluteus medias weakness

Compensated= when trunk leans over to weak side

Uncompensated= when hip drops on opposite side

90
Q

What is the weakness in Trendelenburg?

A

Stance leg is weak

Drop on stances leg because you can’t fire abductors on stance side

91
Q

Define Scew Home Mechanism

A

In OKC this principle occurs in the last 30* of extension. Tibia will ER on femur.

In CKC the femur will IR on tibia

92
Q

What muscle is key to unlocking knee from full extension by IR the tibia in OKC?

A

Popliteus muscle

93
Q

If you have Coxa Varus at the hip what do you have at the knee?

A

Genu Valgus

94
Q

If you have Coxa Valgus at the hip what do you have at the knee?

A

Genu Varus

Kinesiology (13 decks)

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