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Kinesiology > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

0
Q

Define Isometric

A

Muscle contraction without joint motion, there is NO change in muscle length

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1
Q

When doing a Postural Evaluation for Scoliosis what do you look for?

A
  • Rib hump
  • unequal shoulder height
  • unequal pelvic height
  • lateral curvature of spine
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2
Q

Define Isotonic

A

Muscle contraction with joint motion, change in muscle length

  • concentric
  • eccentric
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3
Q

Define Isokinetic

A

Muscle contraction at a fixed velocity of movement. Must be hooked up to a machine.

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4
Q

Define Concentric Contraction

A

Isotonic contraction causing the muscle to shorten and the muscle attachments to move closer together.

Moving against gravity

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5
Q

Define Eccentric Contraction

A

Isotonic contraction causing the muscle to lengthen and the muscle attachments to move further apart.

Moving in the same direction of gravity

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6
Q

Define Agonist

A

The Prime Mover

A muscle or muscle group that causes the motion.

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7
Q

Define Antagonist

A

A muscle that performs the opposite motion of the agonist.

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8
Q

Define Kinesiology

A

The study of movement. Utilizes principals of mechanics, musculoskeletal anatomy, and neuromuscular physiology.

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9
Q

Define Kinetics

A

Forces causing movement

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10
Q

Define Kinematics

A

Time, space, and mass aspects of a moving system.

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11
Q

Define Anatomical Position

A

Human body standing in the upright position, eyes facing forward, feet parallel and close together, arms at the sides of body with the palms facing forward.

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12
Q

Define Fundamental Position

A

Same as anatomical except the palms of the hands face the sides of the body.

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13
Q

What are the 3 types of joints and what type of movements are associated with each and give example?

A
  1. Synarthrosis: slight or no movement: suture of skull
  2. Amphiarthrosis: a little amount of movement: symphysis pubis
  3. Diarthrosis: freely moving: elbow
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14
Q

What are the 4 types of classifications for Diarthodial joints, define and give example?

A
  1. Nonaxial: linear motion occurring secondary to another motion: intercarpals
  2. Uniaxial: angular motion occurring in 1 plane around 1 axis: hinge or pivot: elbow
  3. Biaxial: motion occurs in 2 different axes: condyloid or saddle: wrist
  4. Triaxial: motion occurs in all 3 axes: ball-and-socket: hip
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15
Q

Define muscle Stablizer

A

A muscle or muscle group that supports a part and allows the agonist to work more efficiently.

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16
Q

Define Neutralizer

A

A muscle or muscle group that prevents unwanted motion.

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17
Q

Define Synergist

A

A muscle or muscle group that assists another muscle to enhance a particular motion.

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18
Q

What nerve is associated with Dorsiflexion?

A

Deep Peroneal

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19
Q

What nerve is associated with plantar flexion?

A

Tibial nerve

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20
Q

The Sciatic nerve runs where?

A

Down the back of the leg

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21
Q

The Femoral nerve runs where?

A

Down the front of the leg

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22
Q

What is the most common bone in the hand to fracture?

A

Scaphoid

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23
Q

How would you isolate the Soleus to make sure it was not injured?

A

Flex knees and then ask patient to bring their heel off the ground and come up on their toes

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24
Q

How would you isolate the Gastrocnemius to make sure it was not injured?

A

Knee extension and then ask patient to lift their heels off ground and come up on their toes

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25
Q

If your shoulder is moving the the transverse plain what action is it doing?

A

Horizontal Adduction/Abduction

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26
Q

If you are unable to Supinate then what motions would you use to compensate for this inability?

A

Should ER and Adduction

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27
Q

If you are unable to Pronate then what motions would you use to compensate for this inability?

A

Shoulder IR and Abduction

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28
Q

What is the name of the curve that is opposite of the Scoliosis curve?

A

Compensatory Curve

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29
Q

If there is equal force from both your Flexor Carpi Radialis and Extensor Carpi Radialis what motion will occur at the wrist?

A

Radial Deviation: Abduction

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30
Q

If there is equal force from both your Flexor Carpi Ulnaris and Extensor Carpi Ulnaris what motion will occur at the wrist?

A

Ulnar Deviation: Adduction

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31
Q

What are the 3 phases of Gait and what % is spent at each phase?

A

Stance- 60%
Swing- 40%
Double Limb Support- 20%

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32
Q

If a question is asked about “hyperextension of the toes by 20*” what phase of gait is it referring to?

A

Toe Off

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33
Q

If you have tight hip flexors what will happen to your normal gait pattern?

A

It will shorten

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34
Q

Define Antalgic

A

Painful gait

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35
Q

If a patient has Antalgic gait of their right foot what would they present with during gait?

A

They would spend less time on the stance phase of their right foot due to pain.

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36
Q

What are defining features of gait with Parkinson’s Disease?

A

Festering or shuffling gait

Once they start moving it is hard for them to slow down and are at risk for falls

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37
Q

If someone has uncoordinated gait patterns what is that referring to?

A

Ataxic gait pattern

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38
Q

If a patient presents with a cris-crossed gait pattern what is the referred to as?

A

Scissoring gait pattern

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39
Q

What muscle contracts to slows the foot down in gait?

A

Hamstrings

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40
Q

What is the main function of the Hamstrings?

A

Eccentrically contract

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41
Q

What muscles is involved in locking the knee?

A

Popliteus

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42
Q

What is the most common way to sprain your ankle?

A

Inversion and plantar flexion

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43
Q

If your right leg is at Toe Off where would your left leg be?

A

Heel Strike

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44
Q

If your left leg is flat on the floor where would your right leg be?

A

Mid swing

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45
Q

If you have a knee injury caused from it being bent to the inside what would you tear?

A

MCL and Medial Meniscus

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46
Q

If you have a knee injury caused from it being bent to the outside what would you tear?

A

LCL ONLY

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47
Q

During normal gait at which phase do you reach maximum knee flexion?

A

Toe Off to Mid Swing

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48
Q

During normal gait at which phase do you reach maximum hip flexion?

A

Heel Strike

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49
Q

If you have an ASIS Posterior Tilt which direction would you be rotated?

A

Posteriorly

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50
Q

If you have an ASIS Anterior Tilt which direction would you be rotated?

A

Anteriorly

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51
Q

How would you stretch just the Soleus, Gastrocnemius and Hamstrings individually?

A

Soleus: flex knee
Gastrocnemius: ex knee and dorsiflexion
Hamstring: flex hip and ex knee

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52
Q

What muscle contracts to slows the foot down in gait?

A

Hamstrings

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53
Q

What is the main function of the Hamstrings?

A

Eccentrically contract

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54
Q

What muscles is involved in locking the knee?

A

Popliteus

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55
Q

What is the most common way to sprain your ankle?

A

Inversion and plantar flexion

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56
Q

If your right leg is at Toe Off where would your left leg be?

A

Heel Strike

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57
Q

If your left leg is flat on the floor where would your right leg be?

A

Mid swing

58
Q

If you have a knee injury caused from it being bent to the inside what would you tear?

A

MCL and Medial Meniscus

59
Q

If you have a knee injury caused from it being bent to the outside what would you tear?

A

LCL ONLY

60
Q

During normal gait at which phase do you reach maximum knee flexion?

A

Toe Off to Mid Swing

61
Q

During normal gait at which phase do you reach maximum hip flexion?

A

Heel Strike

62
Q

If you have an ASIS Posterior Tilt which direction would you be rotated?

A

Posteriorly

63
Q

If you have an ASIS Anterior Tilt which direction would you be rotated?

A

Anteriorly

64
Q

How would you stretch just the Soleus, Gastrocnemius and Hamstrings individually?

A

Soleus: flex knee
Gastrocnemius: ex knee and dorsiflexion
Hamstring: flex hip and ex knee

65
Q

Define Passive Insufficency

A

When a muscle reaches a point where it cannot be elongated any further without damage to the muscle fibers.

Stretches over 2 or more joints

66
Q

Define Active Insufficiency

A

When a muscle reaches a point where it cannot shorten any further.

Stretched over 1 joint

67
Q

Define Tenodesis

A

Incorporates passive insufficiency to create movement

68
Q

What is passive insufficiency of the finger flexors?

A

Tenodesis

69
Q

What happens at the shoulder/arm/elbow when you reach behind you and touch the opposite scapula?

A

IR, extension, adduction, elbow flexion

70
Q

How do you achieve the most anterior tilt of the pelvis?

A

When sitting in a chair and bending forward to reach your toes.

71
Q

If you want to put the max pressure on the front of your discs what position would you be in?

A

Sitting in a chair reaching to your toes

72
Q

How does the trunk and pelvis move in OKC and CKC?

A

OKC: trunk moves on the pelvis
CKC: pelvis moves on the trunk

73
Q

Define Osteokinematics

A

Refers to the movement of the bones. Normal ROM

74
Q

Define Arthorkinematics

A

Refers to the movement of joint surfaces.

75
Q

What are the accessory motions?

A

Rolling
Gliding
Spinning

76
Q

What is the Rule of Convex on Concave?

A

A Convex bone moves on a Concave bone in OPPOSITE directions.

A Concave bone moves on a Convex bone in the SAME direction.

77
Q

What is each part of the brain responsible for?

A
  • Cerebrum: motor planning occurs=doing new activities
  • Basal Ganglia: stores data and initiates voluntary learned movements
  • Cerebellum: corrects balance
  • Brain Stem: posture
78
Q

What kind of impulses does the Anterior and Posterior horn transmit?

A

Anterior (AS) Afferent & Sensory

Posterior (ME) Efferent & Motor

79
Q

What are the 3 types of Inspiration?

A
  • quiet
  • deep
  • forced
80
Q

What are the 2 types of Expiration?

A
  • quiet

- forced

81
Q

What muscles are involved in Quiet Inspirtaion?

A

Diaphragm

External intercostal

82
Q

What muscles are involved in Forced Inspiration?

A

Levator scapula
Upper traps
Rhomboids
Pec minor

83
Q

What muscles are involved in Quiet Expiration?

A

Relaxed external intercostals and diaphragm

Gravity

84
Q

What muscles are involved in Forced Expiration?

A 
Internal intercostals
Rectus abdominals
Obliques
Serratus posterior inferior
Quadratus Lumborum
85
Q

Define Step Length

A

Linear distance between 2 consecutive points of contact of opposit limbs.

Heel left - heel right

86
Q

Define Stride length

A

Heel strike on one foot to heel strike on same foot

87
Q

Define Stance Phase

A

Initial acceptance to final weight bearing

Some part of foot is in contact with ground

88
Q

Define Swing Phase

A

Instant when foot leaves the ground to instant just before heel strike

89
Q

What activity must you be doing if you are in No Stance Phase?

A

Jogging/running

90
Q

What are the 5 Traditional Stance Phases?

A
  1. Heel strike
  2. Foot flat
  3. Mid stance
  4. Heel off
  5. Toe off
91
Q

What are the 5 RLA Stance Phases?

A
  1. Initial contact
  2. Loading response
  3. Mid stance
  4. Terminal
  5. Preswing
92
Q

What is the difference between the Traditional Stance and RLA Stance Phases?

A

Traditional: refers to points in time
RLA: refers to lengths of time or periods of time

93
Q

What is the most common accessory muscle used in patients that suffer from COPD?

A

Sternocleidomastoid

94
Q

If you have a claw hand deformity what nerve was affected?

A

Ulnar nerve

95
Q

If you have an ape hand deformity what nerve is affected?

A

Medial nerve

96
Q

If you have a drop wrist deformity what nerve is affected?

A

Radial nerve

97
Q

What does the ulnar,medial and radial nerve supply?

A

Ulnar: little finger and 1/2 of ring finger
Medial: thumb, index, middle and 1/2 of ring finger
Radial: all extensors

98
Q

What muscles make up the Thenar Eminance?

A

Flexor Policis Brevis
Abd Policis Brevis
Opponens Pollicis

99
Q

What makes up the Hypothenar Eminance?

A

Flexor digiti minimi
Abd digiti minimi
Opponens digit minimi

100
Q

During a lateral pelvic tilt the leg that crosses under your body is considered in what position?

A

Adducted

101
Q

If your patient is standing upright and you notice their head is positioned extremely forward what would you want to stretch on them?

A

Sternocleidomastoid

Stretch to the opposite sides

102
Q

If your patient is standing upright and you notice their head is tucked back and tilted up what would you want to stretch on them?

A

Chin flexion and forward head bend

103
Q

Cervical extension and flexion occurs at which joint?

A

Atlantoaxial joint

104
Q

Where does head rotation occur?

A

C1 and C2

105
Q

What muscle is weak on a patient that is “rocking” or a patient that has tredenburgs?

A

Rocking: weak gluteus Maximus
Trendenburg: weak gluteus Medius

106
Q

What ligament is on the inside of the ankle?

A

Deltoid

107
Q

What ligament is the most common to sprain?

A

Anterotalofibular

108
Q

If you are going to stretch the quads as a dynamic stabilizer what ligament would be affected?

A

Posterior cruciate

109
Q

If you are doing a side sit up which obliques will pull to the same side and which to the opposite?

A

Same side: external obliques

Opposite side: internal obliques

110
Q

What causes an increased lordosis? Anterior pelvic tilt?

A

Tight hip flexors

Tight low back

111
Q

What causes a flat back or posterior pelvic tilt?

A

Tight abs

Tight hamstrings

112
Q

What causes a patella tracking problem?

A

A lateral pull or shift

Patella femoral syndrome

113
Q

Define the Lumbopelvic Rhythm

A

Describes the open chain in the hip, pelvis, and lumbar spine where the coordinated activity of the segments produces a larger ROM than might be available to one segment alone

114
Q

How do you measure the Q Angle? What is the normal * for men and women?

A

The line from the ASIS to the mid patella and the mid patella to the tibial Tuberosity.

Men: 10*
Women: 15-20*

115
Q

What does it mean if your patient has a Q Angle that is greater or lessor?

A

Greater: Genu Valgus: knock knee
Lesser: Genu Varus: bow legs

116
Q

Define Postural Sway

A

The body’s way to get continuous feedback. This keeps your circulation moving.

117
Q

In postural sway if you start to fall backwards what happens at the ankles? If you start to fall forwards? If you have to take a step to keep your balance?

A

Backwards: dorsiflexion
Forward: plantar flexion
Step: stepping

118
Q

In normal gait what * of hip flex and knee flex do you need?

A

Hip: 25*
Knee: 60*

119
Q

Laying supine you start at 180* and bring your arm to 90* what is happening? From 90* to 0*?

A

180-90: shoulder extensors concentrically

90-0: shoulder flexors eccentrically

120
Q

Define Agonist and Antagonist

A

Agonist: muscles doing the work
Antagonist: opposite muscle

121
Q

Scoliosis is named by which curve?

A

The convex curve

122
Q

If you raise your arm above your head what happens at the scapula? Lowering your arm?

A

Raise: UR and elevation
Lower: DR and depression

123
Q

Which vertebrae articulate with each 12 ribs?

A

Thoracic vertebrates

124
Q

Characteristics ab each vertebrae?

A 
C1: no body
C2: dens
Cervical: transverse process
Thoracic: rib articulation, spinous process points inferior
Lumbar: body is wider than it is tall
125
Q

What is the Scapulothoracic Rhythm?

A

2:1 ratio of the GH to scapula motion

0-30: GH moves ONLY
30-90: GH moves additional 30* and scapula moves initial 30*
90-180: GH moves another 60 and scapula another 30*

GH: 120* total mm
Scapula: 60* total mm

126
Q

If your have hip contractors what happens to your gait pattern? Tight hamstrings?

A

It shortens

It shortens

127
Q

What is the insertion of the biceps Femoris?

A

Head of fibula

128
Q

What are the bones of the hand?

A

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

129
Q

What are the power grips and what are the precision grips?

A 
Power:
Cylindrical
Spherical
Hook
Lateral Prehension (side to side)
Precision:
Pad to pad
Tip to tip
Lateral Prehension ( pad to side)
Plate grip
130
Q

What grip doesn’t involve the use of your palm?

A

Spherical

131
Q

What grip is the most precise?

A

Tip to tip

132
Q

What grip is an example of holding a key?

A

Precision grip: lateral Prehension: pad to side

133
Q

If you are moving your Radiocarpal muscles in the Sagittal plane what mm is occurring? In the frontal plane?

A

Sagittal: flex/ext, frontal axis

Frontal: deviation, Sagittal axis

134
Q

What type of stress does the MCL prevent? LCL prevent ?

A

MCL: prevents Valgus stress

LCL: prevent Varus stress

135
Q

What is the dynamic stabilizer of the MCL? LCL?

Located on same side as ligament

A

MCL: Pes Anserine (semitendinosus, gracilis, sartorius)

LCL: IT band, biceps Femoris

136
Q

What is the dynamic stabilizer of the ACL? PCL?

A

ACL: hamstrings (pull back to stabilize)

PCL: quads (push forward to stabilize)

137
Q

The ACL prevents what mm? PCL?

A

ACL: prevents anterior translation of the tibia on femur.

PCL: prevents posterior displacement of tibia on femur.

138
Q

How would you stretch the following muscles: Serratus Anterior, Rhomboids and Levator Scapulae?

A

Serratus Anterior: retract, DR
Rhomboids: protract, UR
Levator: depress, UR

139
Q

What muscle prevents the winging of the scapula? What nerve?

A

Serratus Anterior, long thoracic nerve

140
Q

What does the Common Peroneal nerve innervate?

A

It innervates the peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, and the short head of the biceps femoris muscles.

141
Q

Define cadence

A

Amount of steps per minute

142
Q

What are the * of knees, ankle, toes at heel strike and heel off (hip)?

A

Heel strike:
Knee: 0*
Ankle: neutral
Toes: 0*

Heel off:
Hip: 0*
Knee: 35-40*
Ankle: 20* PF
Toes: 50-60 hyperextension
143
Q

If you damaged your Deep Peroneal nerve what would you loose?

A

Dorsiflexion so you would have foot slap

Kinesiology (13 decks)

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