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Kinesiology > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

0
Q

Describe Boutonnière Deformity

A

PIP is flexed and DIP extended.

Caused when ED tendon is avulsed (torn away) from its attachment at the base of the middle phalanx.

-^–

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1
Q

Describe Mallet Finger

A

Disruption of the DIP extensor tendon.

You can still bend the finger but the distal end is permanently bent and won’t extend.

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2
Q

Describe Swan Neck Deformity

A

Hyperextension of PIP, flexion of DIP

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3
Q

Describe the Rheumatoid Arthritis deformity

A

There is an Ulnar Drift (angle towards ulna) of metacarpals due to the extensor tendon slip to the ulnar aspect of the metacarpal head.

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4
Q

Describe the Radial Nerve Palsy deformity

A

Drop wrist

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5
Q

Describe the Medial Nerve Palsy deformity

A

Can cause thenar eminence atrophy (can’t bend thumb)

“Ape hand”

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6
Q

Describe the Ulnar Nerve Palsy deformity

A

Loss of ulnar nerve. Hyperextension of MCP and flexion of IP joints

“Claw hand”

Can’t use ring & pinky fingers

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7
Q

Swan Neck and the Boutonnière deformities are usually are result of someone having what?

A

RA- Rheumatoid Arthritis

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8
Q

What are the degrees of each functional position of the wrist and hand?

  • wrist ext
  • metacarpal flex
  • PIP flex
  • DIP flex
  • Ulnar deviation
A
  • wrist ext: 20*
  • metacarpal flex: 45*
  • PIP flex: 30*
  • DIP flex: 10*
  • Ulnar deviation: 10*
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9
Q

Name the Plain and Axis this movement is happening: Deviation of the wrist

A

Frontal Plain

Sagittal Axis

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10
Q

When you are lifting a weight from the floor and putting it on a shelf over head, what muscles are you using and is it concentric or eccentric?

A

Shoulder flexors

Concentric

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11
Q

When you are lowering a weight from a shelf and putting it on the floor what muscles are you using and is it concentric or eccentric?

A

Shoulder Flexors

Eccentric

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12
Q

Most work is done by what flexors or extensors?

A

Flexors

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13
Q

What muscles make up the Thenar Eminance muscles

A

Flexor Policis brevis
Abd Policis brevis
Opponenus Pollicis

Thumb

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14
Q

What muscles make up the Hypothenar Eminance muscles?

A

Flexor digiti minimi
Abd digiti minimi
Opponens digiti minimi

Pinky Finger

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15
Q

What muscles and bone make up the Anatomical Snuff Box?

A

Ext. Pollicis Longus
Ext. Pollicis Brevis
Abd Pollicis Longus
Scaphoid bone forms the floor

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16
Q

If you have an injury to C8-T1 intrinsics of the hand what nerve would be effected?

It is situated in the groove btw medial epi and Olecranon process.

A

Ulnar Nerve

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17
Q

If you have an injury to C6-C7 the wrist extensors what nerve would be effected?

Triceps and brachioradialis

A

Radial Nerve

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18
Q

If you have an injury to C6,7,8 Pollicis muscles what nerve would be effected?

Thenar muscles

A

Median Nerve

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19
Q

Define Power Grip

A

When the objects are lead with great force

Isometric contraction of the fingers and hand

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20
Q

What are the 4 Power Grips? Give an example.

A
  • Cylindrical: holding a can
  • Spherical: opening a jar (Palm of hand NOT used)
  • Hook: holding a bucket (fingers 2-5 NO thumb)
  • Lateral Prehension (side to side): holding a pencil btw 2 fingers
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21
Q

Define Precision Grip

A

Motion limited to MCP joints

More precise movements

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22
Q

What are the 4 Precision Grips? Give an example.

A
  • Pad to Pad: bringing pad of thumb together with the pad of another finger
  • Tip to Tip: bringing tip of thumb together usually with the tip of the index finger. Most PRECISE
  • Lateral Prehension (pad to side): the pad of the thumb and the side of the index finger. Turning a key to start the car
  • Lumbrical or Plate Grip: MCP flexed while PIP and DIP are extended. Carrying a plate.
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23
Q

What is the most precise grip?

A

Tip to Tip

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24
Q

Intrinsic Finger Muscles originate from where?

A

From the hand, below the wrist

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25
Q

Extensor Indicis moves what finger?

A

Index only

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26
Q

Extensor Digitorum Minimi moves which finger?

A

Pinky Only

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27
Q

What is closed pack position of the hand?

A

70* of flexion

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28
Q

What is closed back position for the wrist ?

A

Full wrist extension

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29
Q

If you pronate the hand what happens btw the ulna and radius?

A

Radius crosses over the ulna

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30
Q

In order to keep a neutral deviation, either ulnar or radial, what do the muscles have to be doing?

A

Muscles need to be flexed and extended at the same time

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31
Q

What causes Student Elbow?

A

An inflammation of the Olecranon bursa due to excessive leaning on the elbow.

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32
Q

Olecranon Bursitis is also known as what?

A

Student’s Elbow

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33
Q

What causes Tennis Elbow?

A

An inflammation at the lateral epicondyle where the common wrist extensor tendon attaches.

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34
Q

Later Epicondylitis is also known as?

A

Tennis Elbow

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35
Q

What causes Golfer’s Elbow or Little League Elbow?

A

An inflammation at the medial epicondyle where the common wrist flexor tendon attaches.

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36
Q

Medial epicondylitis is also known as what?

A

Golfer’s Elbow or Little League Elbow

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37
Q

What causes Olecranon Bursitis?

A

Inflammation of the Olecranon bursa due to a traumatic blow to the Olecranon process

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38
Q

MCL (Medial Collateral Ligament) Laxity causes what?

A

Causes increase carrying angle which will increase compression of the lateral structures.

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39
Q

Medial collateral ligament weakness causes what?

A

Valgus

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40
Q

Lateral collateral ligament weakness causes what?

A

Varus

41
Q

A carrying angel of 0* to -5* is considered what?

A

Varus

42
Q

A carrying angle over 25* is considered what?

A

Valgus

43
Q

Varus means?

A

Normal angle is Reduced or decreased

44
Q

Valgus means?

A

Normal angle is Greater or increased

45
Q

Define Carrying Angle

A

Is the angle btw the humerus and the ulna while is anatomical position

46
Q

What is the normal carrying angle for men and women?

A 
Men= 5*
Women= 10-15*
47
Q

A Gunstock deformity is a result of what?

A

Varus

Decreased or reduced angle

48
Q

What movement does the Medial Collateral Ligament prevent?

A

Prevents Valgus

49
Q

What movement does the Lateral Collateral Ligament prevent?

A

Prevents Varus

50
Q

Where is the Annular Ligament connect?

A

The Radius to the Ulna

51
Q

What is Passive Insufficiency of the Triceps?

A

Shoulder and Elbow Flexion

52
Q

What is Passive Insufficiency of the Biceps?

A

Shoulder and Elbow extension

53
Q

What is Active Insufficiency of the Triceps?

A

Shoulder and Elbow Extension

54
Q

What is the Interosseous Membrane

A

Runs the length of the radius and ulna (between them) providing stability for superior and inferior RU joints

55
Q

If you have limited ER at the shoulder joint it will cause what to happen?

A

An increase need for supination at the elbow

56
Q

If you have limited IR at the shoulder joint it will cause what to happen?

A

An increase need for pronation at the elbow

57
Q

What 4 bones make up the Radiocarpal Joint?

A

Radius
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum

58
Q

What are the motions of the Radiocarpal Joint? What degrees of freedom?

A

Flex/ext
Ulnar/radial deviation

2* of freedom
Biaxial joint

59
Q

Where is the Ulnar Collateral Ligament found?

A

Ulna to pisiform and triquetrum

Pinky finger side

60
Q

Where is the Radial Collateral Ligament found?

A

Radius to scaphoid, trapezium and 1st MC

Thumb side

61
Q

What are the 8 carpal bones in your hand?

A

So Long To Pinky Here Comes The Thumb

Thumb Pinky

Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

62
Q

Convex and Concave rule

A

Convex moves in opposite directions

Concave moves in the same direction

63
Q

If I abduct my arm to 180* what movement is happening to the scapula?

A

Upward rotation

64
Q

If I move my arm behind my back to the opposite hip what movement is happening to the scapula?

A

Downward rotation

65
Q

What motion happens if the Quad. is moving in open kinetic chain?

A

Knee ext/flex

66
Q

When starting in Full Flexion what movement occurs in the carpals?

A

The distal row of carpals moves on the proximal row to neutral

Then proximal row moves on radius

67
Q

When starting in Full Extension what movement occurs in the carpals?

A

The proximal row moves on radius to neutral

Then distal row moves on proximal row to full flexion

68
Q

What movement occurs to the carpals when doing Radial/Ulnar deviation?

A

Distal row moves on proximal row

69
Q

How many arches are in the hand and what types are they?

A

3 total arches

2 Transverse (metacarpal)
1 longitudinal (palm)
70
Q

Describe the Flexor Retinaculum ligament

A

Serves as a support of the carpal arches and as the roof creating the carpal tunnel

Medial nerve passes through the carpal tunnel

71
Q

Describe the Extensor Retinaculum Ligament

A

This holds the extensor tendons down during wrist extension

72
Q

Describe what Winging of the scapula is

A

Occurs when the vertebral border of the scapula moves off the thorax

Associated with protraction/retraction of scapula

73
Q

Describe what Tipping of the scapula is

A

Is normal movement associated with elevation and depression of the scapula

74
Q

What is the prime function of the Deltoid muscles?

A

Shoulder abduction

75
Q

What is the prime function of the Serratus Anterior?

A

Scapula protraction and upward rotation

76
Q

What is the prime function of the levator scapulae?

A

Scapula elevation and downward rotation

77
Q

What is the primary muscled used in horizontal movements?

A

Horizontal abduction/adduction

78
Q

What movements occurs at the should and arm when you reach into your back pocket?

A

IR, abduction, elbow flexion

79
Q

What movements occurs at the shoulder and arm when you reach into your reach behind your back to touch your scapula?

A

Adduction, IR, elbow flex

80
Q

What movements occurs at the should and arm when you reach across your body?

A

IR, adduct, elbow flex

81
Q

What is the only joint that attaches the shoulder girdle to the body?

A

Sternoclavicular joint

82
Q

What motions happen at the Shoulder Girdle?

A 
Protraction/retraction
Elevation/depression of scapula 
Upward/downward rotation of scapula 
Winging of scapula
Tipping of scapula
83
Q

What bones make up the shoulder?

A

Scapula, clavicle, sternum, humerus

84
Q

What is the most common dislocation at the Glenohumeral Joint?

A

Anterior inferior

85
Q

What is closed pack position of the shoulder?

A

90* of abduction and 90* of external rotation

86
Q

Describe the glenoid labrum

A

Is a fibrous cartilage that deepens the socket to increase joint stability. Accepts the head of the humerous.

87
Q

Describe the Subacromial Bursa

A

One separates the supraspinatus from the Acromion and the other separates the Coracoid process, coracoacromial ligament and deltoid muscles.

The bursa allows for smooth gliding btw the humerus and supraspinatus

88
Q

Define Scapulothoracic Rhythm

A

Is a 2:1 ratio of Glenohumeral to scapula motion

89
Q

What moves from 0-30*

What moves from 30-90*

What moves from 90-180*

A

ONLY Glenohumeral moves 30*

Scapula upwardly rotates 30/GH moves additional 30

Scapula moves another 30/GH moves additional 60

90
Q

How many degrees does the scapula move during full shoulder ROM?

A

60*

91
Q

How many degrees does the GH moves during full flexion of joint?

A

120*

92
Q

What make up you Rotator Cuff Muscles?

A

SITS

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis

93
Q

What is the purpose of the Rotator Cuff Muscles

A

Stabilize the head of the humerus into the glenoid fossa

Compresses and depresses to help facilitate infoeior glide so the deltoid muscle can effectively abduct the arm

94
Q

If you have pain coming more posteriorly from around the shoulder what injury might you have?

A

Rotator Cuff Tendonitis

Becomes inflamed from over usage

95
Q

If you have pain more anterior/lateral around your shoulder what injury might you have?

A

An Impingement of the supraspinatus tendon

96
Q

What is closed pack position of the elbow

A

Full extension

97
Q

How much larger is the Humeral head than the fossa?

A

3-4x

98
Q

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular?

A

Plane joint for gliding

99
Q

What is the convex on concave rule for the clavicle?

A

The convex clavicle moves on the concave sternum

100
Q

How many degrees can each move?

Elevation 
Depression
Protraction
Retraction
Passive Posterior Rotation
A 
Elevation: 45*
Depression:15*
Protraction: 15*
Retraction: 15*
Passive Posterior Rotation: 35-40*

Kinesiology (13 decks)

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