Test 3 Flashcards
In DNA the following bases pair on complimentary strands:
A. A-U & G-C
B. A-G & T-C
C. A-G & U-C
D. A-C & G-T
E. A-T & G-C
E. A-T & G-C
Nutritional fiber is a _______________.
A. Polysaccharide
B. lipid
C. protein
d. nucleic acid
e. None of the above is correct
A. Polysaccharide
Mutations in the form of deamination of bases are most likely caused by _______________.
A. UV-light
B. X-rays
C. ÿ-Rays
D. nitrite
E. reactive oxygen species
D. Nitrite
Which of the following is a reducing sugar?
A. Lactose
B. Cellulose
C. Sucrose
D. Starch
E. All four are non-reducing sugars.
A. Lactose
While the base uracil is unique to RNA, __________________ is only found in DNA.
A. Thymine
B. Adenine
C. Cytosine
D. guanine
A. Thymine
Which of the following is not an isoprenoid compound? Choose E If all of them are.
A. Testosterone
B. Vitamine A
C. Quinone
D. arachidonic acid
D. arachidonic acid
In a membrane, the transverse movement of lipids from one monolayer to the other is
A. occurring randomly and frequently.
B. of no importance to the cell
C. catalyzed by an enzyme called flippase
D. impossible
C. catalyzed by an enzyme called flippase
UV light frequently leads to
A. Formation of thymine dimers.
B. Deaminations
C. breaking of the bond between base and deoxyribose.
D. opening of the ring structure of bases.
E. breaking of bonds in the backbone of DNA.
A. formation of thymine dimers.
Which ion is used to test for reducing sugars.
A. Cu2+
B. Co3+
C. Fe2+
D. Ca2+
E. Fe3+
A. Cu2+
With respect to X in the circled transport protein, the figure below shows ____________________.
A. passive uniport
B. passive symport
C. active uniport
D. active symport
B. passive symport
Triglycerides consist of glycerol and three fatty acids connected via a(n) _______________.
A. hemiacetal bond
B. acetal bond
C. ester bond
D. glycosidic bond
E. peptide bond
C. ester bond
The phospholipid composition of biological membranes.
A. is universally the same in all organisms.
B. is random and of no importance
C. varies with tissue, organism, inner and outer monolayer, even age of a cell.
D. is always the same in the two monolayers (like mirror image).
E. There are no phospholipids in biological membranes.
C. varies with tissue, organism, inner and outer monolayer, even age of a cell.
Which is the correct order between most reduced (left) and most oxidized (right)?
A. carboxyl – carbonyl – hydroxyl – saturated hydrocarbon
B. saturated hydrocarbon – hydroxyl – carbonyl – carboxyl
C. saturated hydrocarbon – carbonyl – hydroxyl – carboxyl
D. hydroxyl – carbonyl – carboxyl – saturated hydrocarbon
E. hydroxyl – carbonyl – saturated hydrocarbon – carboxyl
B. Saturated hydrocarbon – hydroxyl – carbonyl – carboxyl
________________ are universal electron carriers in biological systems.
A. Vitamins
B. NAD+ and FAD
C. Lipids
D. Carbohydrates
E. ATP and GTP
B. NAD+ and FAD
in glycolysis, glucose gets converted to _________________.
A. Pyruvate
B. oxaloacetate
C. CO2 & H20
D. acetyl-CoA
E. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
A. pyruvate
The depicted compound is a __________________.
A. sterol
B. triacylglycerol
C. ether lipid
D. glycerolized
E. Sphingolipid
E. sphingolipid
Porins are Beta-Barrel membrane proteins found in the outer membrane of _________________.
A. mitochondria
B. nuclei
C. gram-negative bacteria
D. human cells
E. Viruses
C. gram-negative bacteria
The ABO Blood groups are determined by specific:
A. oligosaccharides attached to proteins and lipids
B. lipids attached to polysaccharides.
C. Lipids attached to proteins.
D. Oligosaccharides dissolved in the plasma.
E. polypeptides attached to polysaccharides.
A. oligosaccharides attached to proteins and lipids.
The name of depicted structure is __________________ acid.
A. arachidonic
B. linoleic
C. alpha-linolenic
D. eicosapentaenoic
E. docosahexaenoic
A. arachidonic
Which of the following is true? Unsaturated cis-configured fatty acids ____________________.
i. increase the melting point of fats.
ii. increase the water-solubility of membrane lipids.
iii. increase the fluidity of membranes
A. i
B. i and iii
C. ii and iii
D. i and ii
E. i, ii, and iii
C. ii and iii
Which of the following best describes the cholesterol molecule?
A. Amphipathic
B. Nonpolar, charged
C. Nonpolar, uncharged
D. Polar, charged
E. Polar, uncharged
A. amphipathic
A membrane-spanning alpha-helix consists mainly of _______________ amino acids.
A. non polar
B. positively charged (basic)
C. negatively charged (acidic)
D. aromatic
E. modified
A. nonpolar
Which statement about fatty acids is correct?
A. the longer the hydrocarbon tail the lower the melting point.
B. the more double bonds in a fatty acid, the higher the melting point.
C. double bonds in trans configuration allow for less tight packing than those in cis configuration.
D. Oils have a lower melting point than butter because they contain more unsaturated fatty acids.
E. Butter has a higher melting point than oils because it contains shorter fatty acids.
D. Oils have a lower melting point than butter because they contain more unsaturated fatty acids.
Retinal is…
A. a hormone that affects cells of the epidermis.
B. the vision pigment
C. a paracrine hormone derived from arachidonic acid.
D. a coenzyme of e-transport.
E. a pro inflammatory fatty acid.
B. the vision pigment
Which double bond makes the fatty acid shown below an omega-3 fatty acid?
E
Active transport across a membrane is the…
A. term for transport via a membrane protein (as opposed to simple diffusion)
B. movement of a solute along the concentration gradient.
C. movement of a solute against the concentration gradient.
D. Term for transverse movement of lipids in membranes.
C. movement of a solute against the concentration gradient.
Which of the following is/are not membrane lipids?
A. Cholesterol
B. Glycerophospholipids
C. Sphingoloipids
D. Triglycerides
E. Gangliosides
D. Triglycerides
Plasmologen is…
A. a membrane protein
B. a ether lipid
C. blood-clotting regulating agent
D. lipopolysaccharide.
E. None of the above
B. a ether lipid.
Steroid hormones are ____________________.
A. isoprenoids
B. fatty acids
C. membrane lipids
D. triacylglycerols
A. isoprenoids
In DNA, the stabilizing force between the complimentary bases is _____________________.
A. ionic bonding
B. hydrophobic interaction
C. hydrogen bonding
D. Covalent
C. Hydrogen bonding
NSAIDS inhibit the conversion of _________________ to prostaglandin and thromboxane.
A. cholesterol
B. lecithin
C. sphingolipids
D. arachidonic acid
E. tocopherols
D. arachidonic acid
_____________ enters a cell via simple diffusion (no membrane protein).
A. Oxygen
B. Glucose
C. NADH
D. palmitate
E. Na+
A. oxygen
Match the compounds with the following names or descriptions: 1.) Heparin 2.) Lecithin 3.) Linoleic Acid
A. Pro-inflammatory nutrient
B. Cholecalciferol
C. Compound involved in blood clotting
D. Choline-containing lipid
E. Proteins that bind oligosaccharides in which specificity and affinity
Heparin: C. Compound involved in blood clotting.
Lecithin: D. Choline-containing lipid
linoleic acid: A. Pro-inflammatory nutrient
Palmitate can be described as the following fatty acid:
A. 16:0
B. 18:0
C. 16:1 (delta 13)
D. 18:1 (delta 15)
E. 18:2 (delta 12,15)
A. 16:0
Guanine is a _________________.
A purine
B. pyrimidine
C. furan
D. Pyran
A purine
A membrane- spanning alpha-helix consist mainly of ________________ amino acids.
A. nonpolar
B. Positively charged (Basic)
C. negatively charged (acidic)
D. aromatic
E. modified.
A. nonpolor
Peptidoglycan:
In what kind of organisms is it found and what is its function?
Bacterial cell; forms cell wall
Peptidoglycan:
How would you classify this compound (within the biomolecule group)?
Heteropolysaccharide
Peptidoglycan:
What is its clinical significance?
- Target of one category of antibiotics (penicilin)
- Precursor for infection
Name the 3 dissecting components of a DNA nucleotide.
- Pentose
- Nitrogenous Base (pyrimidine or perine)
- 1-3 Phosphate
Give a summary of the pay-off phase of glycolysis: starting and end point, coenzymes, type of reactions (e.g. hydrolysis)
(2) glyceralaldehyde 3-Phospate:
– Investing - 2 NAD – 2 NADH
- 2 ADP – 4 ATP
(2) Pyruvate
Mutations in the form of breaking of bonds in the backbone are most likely cause by________________.
A. UV-light
B. ionizing radiation
C. nitrous acid
D. Reactive oxygen species
B. ionizing radiation
Which of the following statements about nucleic acids is false?
A. A pairs with T and G with C.
B. the complimentary strands in DNA are antiparallel
C. the backbone of nucleic acids consists of repeated sequences of a phosphate, - pentose - base.
D. DNA is double stranded, while RNA is single stranded.
E. DNA contains deoxyribose, while RNA contains ribose.
C. the backbone of nucleic acids consists of repeated sequences of a phosphate, - pentose - base.
The crucial non-covalent interactions that stabilize biological membranes are _____________.
A Hydrogen bonds
B. Hydrophobic interactions
C. ionic bonds
D. Van der Waals forces
B. Hydrophobic interactions
while the base uracil is unique to RNA, _________ is only found in DNA.
A. Thymine
B. Adenine
C. Cytosine
D. guanine
A. Thymine
The structure shown below is a _________________.
A. Purine
B. Pyrimidine
C. Pyran
D. Nucleotide
E. steroid
A. Purine
In a membrane, the transverse movement of lipids from one monolayer to the other is:
A. occurring randomly and frequently.
B. of no importance to the cell
C. catalyzed by an enzyme called flippase
D. impossible
C. catalyzed by an enzyme called flippase
__________________. is a type of mutation that can occur spontaneously.
A. Thymine dimer formation
B. Depurination
C. Breaking of bond in the backbone of DNA
D. Oxidation
B. Depurination
________________ is an ether lipid
A. Sphingomyelin
B. Lecithin
C. Cholesterol
D. The platelet-activating factor
E. a Ganglioside
D. The platelet-activating factor
Cortisol is a steroid hormone; it is derived from ___________.
A. w-3 fatty acids
B. 2-6 fatty acids
C. Cholesterol
D. vitamin A
E. Choline
C. Cholesterol
The phospholipids composition of biological membranes….
A. is universally the same in all organisms.
B. is random and of no importance
C. is always the same in the two monolayers (like mirror image).
D. varies with tissue, organism, inner and outer monolayer, even age of a cell.
E. There are no phospholipids in biological membranes.
D. varies with tissue, organism, inner and outer monolayer, even age of a cell.
The ABO Blood groups are determined by specific:
A. Oligosaccharides attached to proteins and lipids.
B. lips attached to polysaccharides.
C. lipids attached o proteins.
D. oligosaccharides dissolved in the plasma
E. Polypeptides attached to polysaccharides.
A. Oligosaccharides attached to proteins and lipids.
Which of the following best describes the cholesterol molecule?
A. Amphipathic
B. non polar, charged
C. non polar, uncharged
D. polar, charged
E. polar, uncharged
A. Amphipathic
The name of the depicted structure is ____________ acid.
A. arachidonic
B. linoleic
C. Alpha-linoleic
D. eicosapentoaenoic
E. eicosphexaenoic
B. linoleic
Plasmalogen is ________________.
A. a membrane protein
B. an ether lipid
C. Blood-clotting regulating agent
D. lipopolysaccharide
E. None of the above
B. an ether lipid
In nucleic acids, there is a phosphate group located at the ___________________.
A. 3’ End
B. 5’ End
C. N-terminus
D. C-Terminus
E. There is no phosphate in nucleic acids
B. 5’ End
Match the following names or descriptions:
A. Pro-inflammatory nutrient
B. Glycolipid
C. Compound involved in the induction of labor
D. Choline-containing lipid (found in eggs)
E. Proteins that bind oligosaccharides with high specificity and affinity.
- Platelet-activating Factor
- Lecithin
- Linoleic acid
- Lectin
C - Platelet-activating Factor
D - Lecithin
A - Linoleic acid
E - Lectin
Name three different types of lipids with regulatory function (based on structural features)
- Ether lipid - Platelet activating factor
- Steroids (testosterone, cortisol, estradiol)
- Vitamin D
What is the function of the majority of cholesterol molecules in the human body?
Cholesterol is a precursor to steroid hormones
In glycolysis, glucose gets converted to ___________.
Pyruvate
Match the figures in with the correct description of the process (A-E)
A Active uniport
B. Passive uniport
C. Active symport
D. active antiport
E. Facilitated diffusion
D & E
Palmitate can be described as the following fatty acid:
A. 16:0
B. 18:0
C. 16:1 (delta 18)
D. 18:1 (delta 15)
E. 18:2 (delta 12, 15)
A. 16:0
