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Biochem 1 > Biochem II Final > Flashcards

Biochem II Final Flashcards

1
Q

________ is the short term (acute) fight or flight hormone
A. Cortisol
B. Epinephrine
C. Insulin
D. Glucagon

A

B. Epinephrine

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2
Q

Which hormone enters the cell and regulates gene expression?
A. Insulin
B. Glucagon
C. Epinephrine
D. Cortisol

A

Cortisol

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3
Q

Which second messenger is produced in the cell when glucagon binds to a receptor?
A. CAMP
B. CGTP
C. Inositol-tri phosphate

A

A. CAMP

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4
Q

NAD+ has an activating effect on _________
A. Malate dehydrogenase
B. Succinate Dehydrogenase
C.Fumarase
D. Aconitase
E. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase

A

E. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase

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5
Q

______ inhibits a-ketogluatarate dehydrogenase
A. Ca2+
B. NADH
C. CoA
D. ADP
E. Insulin

A

B. NADH

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6
Q

The activity of the electron transport chain is promoted by ___________
A. Glucose
B. H20
C. ADP
D. CO2
E. NADH

A

C. ADP

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7
Q

The mechanism by which metabolites perform feedback regulation is always
A. Allosteric
B. Phosphorylation
C. Dephosphorylation
D. Competitive

A

A. Allosteric

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8
Q

Hexokinase I is found in ______ and has a ______ Km than Hexokinase IV
A. Extrahepatic tissue; higher
B. Extrahepatic tissue; lower
C. Liver; Higher
D. Liver;Lower

A

B. Extrahepatic tissue; lower

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9
Q

Which of the following is an enzyme of gluconeogenesis?
A. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
B. Pyruvate carboxylase
C. HMG-CoA reductase
D. Glucose 6-phosphatase

A

B. Pyruvate carboxylase

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10
Q

Which TCA cycle intermediate connect most directly with the urea cycle?
A. Malate and citrate
B. Fumarate and oxaloacetate
C. Oxaloacetate and Succinate
D. Succinate and Malate

A

B. Fumarate and oxaloacetate

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11
Q

Which of the following enzymes is inhibited by insulin?
A. Glycogen phosphorylase
B. Phosphofructokinase-1
C. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
D. HMG-CoA reductase

A

A. Glycogen phosphorylase

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12
Q

Which of the following is a C5 intermediate?
A. Pyruvate
B. Oxaloacetate
C. Alpha-ketoglutarate
D. HMG-CoA

A

C. Alpha-ketoglutarate

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13
Q

Which of the following is NOT a carbohydrate metabolism enzyme? (2 Possible answers)
A. Pyruvate Kinase
B. Glycogen synthase
C. Hormone-sensitive lipase
D. Phosphofructokinase
E. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase

A

A. Pyruvate Kinase, C. Hormone-sensitive lipase

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14
Q

HMG-CoA is the point of divergence of:
A. The ketone and cholesterol catabolism
B. The biosynthetic pathways of ketones and cholesterol
C. Triacylglycerol and phospholipid catabolism
D. The biosynthetic pathways of triacylglycerols and phospholipids

A

B. The biosynthetic pathways of ketones and cholesterol

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15
Q

What do regulated enzymes have in common?

A

-Catalyze non-reversible reactions (unidirectional)
-Occur at the beginning/end of cycles OR key intermediates
-Assist in some allosteric regulation

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16
Q

Regulation of enzymes that occur when binding of a molecule to a different location causes a change in enzyme activity

A

Allosteric

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17
Q

Phosphorylation

A

Addition of a phosphate group to a molecule by a protein kinase

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18
Q

Dephosphorylation

A

Removal of a phosphate group from a molecule by hydrolase

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19
Q

Different ways to categorize hormone and give the category

A

Type of receptor, type of Biomolecules, synthetic path

20
Q

Insulin Groups

A

Peptide, Membrane Receptor

21
Q

Glucagon

A

Peptide, Membrane Receptor

22
Q

Epinephrine Groups

A

Thyrosine, Membrane Receptor

23
Q

Cortisol Groups

A

Cholesterol, Nuclear Receptor

24
Q

What is the approximate homeostatic (blood glucose)

A

80-100mg/dL or 5mM

25
Q

Principles of Regulation

A

Purpose of metabolic pathways, Hemostasis, Feedback Inhibition

26
Q

Purpose of Metabolic Pathways

A

Extract energy, store fuels, synthesis of important blocks, eliminate waste

27
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintained by keeping metabolite concentration at steady state

28
Q

Feedback inhibition

A

A product will inhibit its own biosynthetic pathway

29
Q

Peptides

A

Glucagon and Insulin

30
Q

Catecholamines

A

Epinephrine

31
Q

Steroids

A

Testosterone

32
Q

Vitamin D

A

Comes from Isoprenoids

33
Q

Nitric Oxide

A

Comes from arginine

34
Q

When is insulin released

A

When blood glucose is elevated

35
Q

When is glucagon released

A

When blood glucose is low

36
Q

When is epinephrine active

A

During exercise

37
Q

Vitamin B1

38
Q

Vitamin B7

39
Q

Vitamin B3

40
Q

Vitamin B5

A

Pantothenic Acid

41
Q

Vitamin B6

A

Pyroxidine

42
Q

Vitamin B2

A

Riboflavin

43
Q

Gluconeogenesis occurs in

44
Q

Fermentation occurs in

A

Skeletal muscle and RBCs

45
Q

Ketogenesis occurs in

A

Matrix of mitochondria (Liver)

46
Q

Beta oxidation occurs in

A

Mitochondria (liver) and muscles (some)

47
Q

Glycolysis occurs in

Biochem 1 (7 decks)

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