T1 | Test 2 Chap. 6-8 Flashcards
What are the functions of carbohydrates?
-Source of Energy
-Nutritional Fiber (Cellulose)
-Glycocalyx (Oligosaccharides): Cell Adherence/Communication
-Extracellular Matrix: Structure and H20 balance
Only ___ - Carbohydrates are found in natural and biologically active
D
What are the cyclic structures of monosaccharides?
Hemiacetal and Hemiketal
What is a hemicetal structure of a monosaccharide?
Functional group resulting from reaction between an aldehyde and an alcohol
What is a hemiketal structure of monosaccharides?
Functional group resulting from reaction between a ketone and an alcohol
Difference between alpha and beta-anomers?
Alpha: CH2OH- points in the opposite direction of newly formed OH- group (pointing down)
Beta: The two functional groups point in the same direction (pointing up)
What is lactase?
Hydrolytic enzyme in digestive tract that breaks bond between galactose and glucose
What is maltose?
(Building block, configuration, connection)
-Building block: Glucose
-Configuration: alpha
-Connection: 1->4
What is lactose? (Building block, configuration, connection)
-Building block: Galactose, glucose
-Configuration: Beta
-Connection: 1->4
What is sucrose? (Building block, configuration, connection)
-Building block: glucose, fructose
-Configuration: alpha-1, beta-2
-Connection: alpha-1<—>beta-2
Reaction partners of hemiacetal?
Carbonyl (aldehyde or keytone) and hydroxyl
Reactions partners of acetal?
Hemiacetal and hydroxyl
Examples of Glucose-based homopolysaccharides?
Starch, glycogen, and cellulose
Mannose is a(n) _______ of glucose
Epimer
Starch is an _____ polysaccharide
Branched homo-
Cellulose consists of ____ in ____ connection
Glucose; beta 1-4
Hyaluronate is a _____________ polysaccharide?
Unbranched hetero-
A glycosidic bond is a _____________ bond.
Acetal or ketal
Which of the following is a non-reducing sugar?
A. Fructose
B. Sucrose
C. Galactose
D. Maltose
B. Sucrose
Which of the following is a reducing carbohydrate?
A. Hyaluronate
B. Starch
C. Mannose
D. Cellulose
C. Mannose -
Monosaccharide - always reducing
Polysaccharide - always non-reducing
Which ion is reduced in the Benedict’s test (Fehling’s reaction)?
Cu2+
The function of peptidoglycan is to…
Protect and give structure to bacteria cells.
The glycocalyx of cells consists of oligosaccharides connected to:
Proteins and lipids
The sugar code is about…
The many oligosaccharides available for communication