T1 | Test 1 Chap. 1-5 Flashcards
What is include in the basic structure of an alpha-Amino Acid (4)
- Amino group: protonated at the physiological pH (H3N+)
- Carboxyl group (organic acid): deprotonated at the physiological pH (COO-)
- Hydrogen group
- Variable Group: R = Residue/Rest
What is a Zwitter ion
Compound with one positively and one negatively charged group
Types of Noncovalent (Weak) Interactions in Aqueous Solutions
Ionic Bonding, Hydrogen Bonding, Hydrophobic Interaction, Van der Walls: ‘microgravity’
What is Ionic Bonding?
When a negative and a positive charge are attracted to each other. (Na+ and Cl- or COO- and NH3+)
What is Hydrogen Bonding?
It involves polar bonds, including H-bonding groups like OH-, SH-, NH2, amido)
What is a hydrophobic interaction?
Involves Nonpolar bonds, primarily hydrocarbon, ether
What is Van der Walls, ‘microgravity’ ?
When two masses get close enough to each other, then there is an additional gravitational force created between them
How many Standard Amino Acids are there in Proteins
20
Name the different groups of Standard Amino Acids
-Nonpolar (aliphatic), polar (uncharged), aromatic, negatively charged, positively charged
Name characteristics of the non-polar/aliphatic (amino acid) R groups
- R Group is non-polar (hydrophobic)
- Will interact with other hydrophobic groups through hydrophobic interaction
Name the Nonpolar (aliphatic) amino acids
Glycine, Alanine, Proline, Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Methionine
What is the only non-chiral among the 20 standard AAs?
Glycine
What is the only AA with ring between R and alpha-amino group?
Proline
What is one of only 2 sulfur-containing AAs? (One in the Nonpolar, aliphatic R group)
Methionine
Characteristics of Polar, uncharged R groups
-Polar groups foster hydrogen bonding
Which of the points (A-E) depicted is Kd?
C
Name group A
Alpha Carbon
Name Group B
Carboxyl Group
What is Group C
Amino Group
Glycine
Alanine
Proline
Valine
Leucine
Isoleucine
Methionine
Name the circled part of the Amino Acid
Thioether
Serine
Threonine
Cysteine
Asparagine
Glutamine
Phenylalanine
Tyrosine
Tryptophan
The three Amino Acids that are Aromatic and the two features they share:
Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, Tryptophan
Alternating double bounds in ring structure (aromatic)
Absorb UV light around 280 nm
Lysine
Arginine
Histidine
Aspartate (aspartic acid)
Glutamate (glutamic acid)
What role does Carnitine play in the body?
Transport of fatty acids into mitochondria for breakdown
What is the purpose of creatine?
To store back up energy in skeletal muscle
What is condensation?
H20 Released while covalent bond formed between two molecules & catalyzed by ribosomes